气象用重力加速度计算方法的研究

发现使用了几十年的《气象常用表》重力计算公式有较大的误差;对ＷＭＯ推荐的气象用重力计算公式进行了讨论,指出公式中对Ｈ’的定义是错误的;实例验证证明用布格修正法获得的重力值可以满足气压观测的准确度要求。最后提出了３点建议。     

我国部份地区雷暴活动、大气电场等与太阳活动的关系

本文用时序迭加法统计分析了1976—1985年太阳黑子一个完整周期内太阳活动与雷暴活动及地面大气电场之间的可能相关性。结果表明:高纬度地区有较好的相关性,耀斑爆发以后雷暴指数有明显增大趋势,最大关联日在+5日以后。中、低纬度地区几乎不存在相关性。随着耀斑强度增强,相关性也增大,且影响区域从高纬度向中、低纬度移动。在耀斑爆发后2天左右,地面电场强度增大,其关联日比雷暴指数提前。太阳黑子数和雷暴活动之间的相关性很微弱。本文又从全球电路概念出发,简单地解释了形成上述相关性的可能原因。     

卫星资料在上海浦东新区热力场分析中的应用

文章利用１９９２年春、夏、秋、冬四季６个时相的ＮＯＡＡ－１１／ＡＶＨＲＲ资料，在与上海区域行政图（边界以乡为单位）进行几何精度纠正的基础上，通过图象增强处理和多通道信息组合，提取上海市区和浦东新区的热力场分布特征，并用直接对比法，建立亮温。气温的相关关系，取得较好的效果。据上海温度分布图象分析，新区的两个热中心与工业群体区、建筑群体区相对应；市区的３个热中心与商业经济密集区及工业群体区相对应。      

一次副高外围雨雾的诊断分析

应用实测资料和ECMWF、T213模式再分析资料,对2008年7月7-9日由于西太平洋副高的北进南撤,在河北中南部产生的雨雾天气过程进行了诊断分析.分析表明:500 hPa我国大陆高度场和温度场均是∏字型结构,对西太平洋副高的进一步西伸和水汽向河北的输送起到了制约作用;河北中南部上暖下冷的气团配置,是造成河北中南部大气稳定的一个原因.对流层弱的气压场和风场,是大气层结稳定的一种表现.500 hPa小冷槽的东移,是产生雷暴和短时强降水的触发机制,以及导致西太平洋副高南撤的一个重要因素.地面均压场的建立及近地面辐射冷却为大雾的形成提供了有利的风速和冷却条件.     

近30 a华北地区高空温度时空演变特征

根据华北地区12个探空站近30 a(1979-2008年)的各标准等压面月平均气温资料,对该地区高空年、季气温时空演变特征进行了分析.结果表明:华北地区高空年、季平均气温变化均具有非常高的空间一致性,其中冬季的一致性特征最明显;华北地区高空年、季平均气温大致以150-100 hPa层为界,以上(平流层下层)和以下(对流层)的气温存在着不同的变化特征:从近地面到200 hPa冬(夏)季最低(高),但在年平均气温最低的100-70 hPa,气温季节变化位相与对流层相反,50 hPa层以上气温的年变化不大;近30 a来华北地区对流层中下层的年、季平均气温变化以上升为主,而对流层上层至平流层下层则以下降为主.低层的变暖始于20世纪80年代后期,高层的变冷普遍始于20世纪90年代.     

论雾与污染的关系

简述了近年来雾的研究进展，并从雾的酸化、雾层内污染物的扩散、雾层对污染物的清除、污染物对雾形成与发展的影响等方面讨论了雾与大气污染的关系。     

全球越赤道气流的时空变化

本文首先通过850和200毫巴空间、时间剖面图讨论了全球越赤道气流的时空变化。在东半球夏季各月大气低层存在5条越赤道的偏南气流通道,冬季转为偏北气流,呈现了季节性的年变。在西半球,有3条偏南气流和2条偏北气流通道,它们都未呈现出季节性的年变。其次阐述了它们与环流系统的关联。索马里急流的建立与维持,看来与澳大利亚、西太平洋副高和西风的某些先期变化有关系。它们可能说明全球不同地区大气环流系统季节性变化过程存在一定的时间序列。      

Tropical Cyclone Energy Dispersion and Possible Self Maintenance Mechanism of the Synoptic Scale Wave Trains

The interaction between tropical cyclone (TC) and the large-scale mean flows such as the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is investigated using a three-dimensional primitive equation model. Once a TC develops in the vicinity of the ITCZ region where satisfies both barotropic and baroclinic instabilities, the southeastward energy dispersion from the TC may disturb the ITCZ and thus help its breakdown. Cumulus convection can be organized in the region of cyclonic circulation, and the interaction between convective heating and the perturbation circulation may enhance the development of the waves, leading to the generation of a new tropical cyclone to the east. While the TC moves to the high latitude, the ITCZ will reform. Though repeating of this process, a synoptic-scale wave train oriented in the northwest-southeast direction can be generated and self-maintained. The results suggest that the mutual interaction among the low-frequency background flow, wave train pattern and TCs provides a possible mechanism for the origin of the summer synoptic scale wave train pattern over the western North Pacific.     

THE EFFECT OF ASPECT RATIO ON THE BIFURCATION PROPERTIES OF A DOUBLE PARALLEL-CONNECTION LORENZ SYSTEM

A double parallel-connection (DPC) Lorenz system is developed by performing spectrum truncation of the Galerkin series expansion of the two-dimensional Rayleigh-Benard convection equation. Analyses of the equilibrium states indicate that a convective roll stems from a flow with a given wavenumber first losing its stability for a particular aspect ratio β after a stable laminar flow gets unstable; when β has the value βc able to deprive synchronously two flows with different wavenumbers of stability, occurrences of convective rolls with different wavenumbers depend entirely on the initial conditions, in good agreement with the relevant experimental results. The calculations of the unstablized rolls show that, with a smaller β (as compared with βc), the DPC Lorenz system has the same bifurcation properties as the ordinary Lorenz system; for a moderate β, the system has very complicated periodic, quasi-periodic and phase-locking motions; for a larger β, it results in intermittent chaos and causes mean flows with different numbers of vortices to occur alternately with time. All these indicate that β has substantial effect on the two Lorenz systems coupled through parallel connection in their interaction and the results.