卫星遥感TM及SAR数据用于山区构造格局分析——以西藏墨脱地区为例

西藏墨脱地区山高路险，植被覆盖严重。区域地质调查中卫星遥感TM和SPOT光学图像受到植被干扰，地质构造露头不清；而微波侧视雷达图像（SAR）由于受到高山地形影响，信号遮蔽，控制点的精确选取和遥感地质解译也十分困难。研究中采用DEM（数字高程模型）模拟SAR图像的方法，利用模拟SAR图像对原始雷达图像进行控制点选取和影像正射校正，通过TM图像和SAR图像的正射影像处理以及二者的影像数据融合，并利用DEM进行三维构像，最大限度地发挥了TM图像和SAR图像的影响优及二者的影像数据融合，并利用DEM进行三维构像，最大限度地发挥了TM图像和SAR图像的影像优势，用于测区区域地质和构造解译，取得了较好效果。     

2005年华北及河北省地震活动概况

1 2005年河北省及京津地区地震活动概况据河北省数字遥测地震台网测定,2005年河北省及京津地区共发生地震926次,ML1.0级以下地震136次,ML1.0~1.9级地震651次,ML2.0~2.9级地震127次,ML3.0~3.9级地震14次,没有4级地震(见图1)。最大地震为2005年8月31日河北蔚县(40°00′114°49′     

Effect of freeze-thaw cycles on uniaxial mechanical properties of cohesive coarse-grained soils

Freeze-thaw cycles are closely related to the slope instability in high-altitude mountain regions. In this study, cohesive coarse-grained soils were collected from a high-altitude slope in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau to study the effect of cyclic freeze-thaw on their uniaxial mechanical properties. The soil specimens were remolded with three dry densities and three moisture contents. Then, after performing a series of freeze-thaw tests in a closed system without water supply, the soil specimens were subjected to a uniaxial compression test. The results showed that the stress-strain curves of the tested soils mainly performed as strain-softening. The softening feature intensified with the increasing dry density but weakened with an increase in freeze-thaw cycles and moisture content. The uniaxial compressive strength, resilient modulus, residual strength and softening modulus decreased considerably with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles. After more than nine freeze-thaw cycles, these four parameters tended to be stable. These parameters increased with the increase of dry density and decreased with the increasing moisture content, except for the residual strength which did not exhibit any clear variation with an increase in moisture content. The residual strength, however, generally increased with an increase in dry density. The soil structural damage caused by frozen water expansion during the freeze-thaw is the major cause for the changes in mechanical behaviors of cohesive coarse-grained soils. With results in this study, the deterioration effect of freeze-thaw cycles on the mechanical properties of soils should be considered during the slope stability analysis in high-altitude mountain regions.     

Maximum Force of Inclined Pullout of A Torpedo Anchor in Cohesive Beds

Torpedo anchors have been used in mooring systems for deep-water oil and gas projects owing to their prominent advantages, such as low cost and easy installation. The maximum force of torpedo anchors is crucial not only to the safety and stability of vessels and other marine facilities, but also for an economical design. It is necessary to develop reliable formula for fast predicting their maximum inclined force of a torpedo anchor in cohesive beds. In this study, the maximum inclined force of a torpedo anchor vertically embedded in cohesive beds was extensively investigated. 316 sets of inclined pullout laboratory tests were carried out for 9 differently shaped torpedo anchors which were vertically embedded in different cohesive beds. The loading curves were automatically acquisitioned and their characteristics were analyzed. The load angle relative to the horizontal varied from 20° to 90°. A new formula for fast calculating the maximum inclined force of the torpedo anchor vertically embedded in cohesive beds was obtained based on force analysis and a nonlinear regression on the data from the present and other studies. Effect aspects on the tests are discussed and further studies are highlighted.     

PACMANUS 热液区Si-Fe-Mn 氧化物的显微结构特征及意义

用显微镜、电子探针和扫描电镜等分析技术,对2008年"KX08-973"航次中国首次在东马努斯海盆PACMANUS热液区用拖网取得的少量Si-Fe-Mn氧化物海底热液产物样品进行显微结构特征研究。研究表明,显微镜下,样品呈隐晶质结构;扫描电镜下可见已石化的硅藻;电子探针分析结果显示,Fe和Mn的分布具有明显的分带性,呈现出Si-Mn质层被Si-Fe质层包裹的特征,反应了Si-Fe-Mn氧化物的形成具有多期多阶段性特征。样品是富Si,Fe和Mn的低温热液流体直接沉淀产物。本研究结果对该区热液氧化物的进一步研究,如Si-Mn质层和Si-Fe质层中Si与Mn和Fe的化合方式、微生物在热液氧化物形成过程中的作用具有指导意义。     

估算混合植被叶绿素含量的理想波段分析

应用Lopex数据库评价了19个波谱指数对物种的敏感性, 分析了叶绿素含量与波谱反射率以及波谱导数的相关性, 目的在于探寻对叶绿素含量变化的敏感性, 对物种和叶片结构变化不敏感的理想波段, 应用大尺度遥感数据估算混合植被冠层叶绿素含量。分析结果表明：红边指数对混合植被的叶绿素含量具有较好的指示作用;估算冠层叶绿素含量的理想波段为698—710nm附近较窄的波段范围;对于波谱导数, 估算混合植被叶绿素含量的理想波段范围为720—735nm和535—550nm附近波谱导数。     

早熟中华绒螯蟹眼柄视神经节对卵巢发育的生殖调控作用

采用组织切片技术于光镜下观察了早熟中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sinensis）眼柄视神经节的组织形态结构,以体外培养法研究早熟蟹眼柄视神经节对同种甲壳动物中华绒螯蟹和异种甲壳动物克氏原螯虾卵巢发育的影响,并以放射化学测定法测定早熟蟹眼柄粗提物及单侧或双侧眼柄镊烫后对大颚器生物合成甲基法尼酯（MF）的影响．结果表明,早熟蟹眼柄视神经节呈乳白色,椭圆柱形,外包一层黑色视网膜,由外髓、内髓、端髓3部分构成;端髓区域可明显区分3种类型的神经分泌细胞;早熟蟹眼柄视神经节对同种和异种甲壳动物的卵巢发育均有抑制作用;早熟蟹眼柄粗提物对MF生物合成的抑制作用随浓度的增加而增强．研究证实早熟蟹眼柄视神经节对卵巢的抑制作用较正常发育蟹弱,且对同种甲壳动物卵巢发育的抑制作用强于对异种动物．     

船载表层水温观测研究

通过研究国家相关海洋观测标准对海水温度观测的规约,结合当前船载水温观测的现状,提出了基于总线的船载磁吸附温度链式观测方法,并对其在结构设计、理论模型、算法等多方面进行了阐述。本方法通过多个竖直分布的温度传感器实时观测,采用自适应参数化算法,有效减少了风浪、海流、热辐射等方面的影响,具有观测层深相对固定、精度高等特点,可实现船载全航次的自动观测。同时,设计制造了相关的模拟实验装置进行现场实验,验证了船载磁吸附温度链式观测方法的可行性和有效性。     

三疣梭子蟹乳化病血液生化指标诊断技术的研究

对患乳化病的三疣梭子蟹进行了血液生化指标检测．结果表明：与健康三疣梭子蟹相比，病蟹肌酐、总胆固醇、Na^＋、Cl^-、Mg^2＋、Ca^2＋等含量明显上升，而血糖、总蛋白、白蛋白、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶、碱性磷酸酶等含量却显著下降．通过感染试验的追踪检测，并与对照组相比，感染后24h含量发生明显变化的血液生化指标为血糖、总胆固醇、总蛋白、谷草转氨酶和Mg^2＋，此5种指标可作为三疣梭子蟹乳化病早期诊断的参考指标．     

Landsat-8 TIRS数据在某核电站温排水监测中应用探讨

为探索Landsat-8 TIRS热红外数据在核电站温排水监测的应用能力,以某核电附近海域为研究区域,采用单窗算法建立核电站附近海域表面温度反演方法,并将该结果与时相接近的MODIS海温产品数据进行了对比分析。结果表明,反演的温度场可较精细地刻画该核电站附近温度场的分布情况,Landsat-8 TIRS数据可实现较高精度的核电站温排水监测。