Spheroidal oscillations of the Earth stimulated by the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake with CDSN data

The 0S2~0S54 spheroidal modes of Earth’s free oscillations, triggered by the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of 26 December 2004 are retrieved from VHZ data recorded by seven upgraded stations of China Digital Seismograph Network (CDSN). We compare these spheroidal modes with theoretical free oscillation spectra calculated from the Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM) and find a coincidence between their periods. Spectral splitting phenomenon is observed obviously in 0S2, 0S3, 0S4, 2S1 and 1S2 free oscillation modes. What is most noticeable is that the oscillation mode 2S1 is reported for the second time (the first time by Rosat et al) without any data stacking. We simulated the split singlet of 0S2 mode on seven CDSN stations based on general focal mechanism and seismic moment of the earthquake. The result shows that seismic moment of the earthquake can reach 1023 N.m. We also find that the recording of Earth’s free oscillations carries abundant information of source mechanism and earthquake location, which is applicable to the detailed study of source rupture parameters.     

Fhe application of electromagnetic-induction on the measurement of sea ice thickness in the Antarctic

As an important component of the cryosphere, sea ice is very sensitive to climate change. The study of sea ice physics needs accurate sea ice thickness. This paper presents an electromagnetic induction （EM） technique which can be used to measure the sea ice thickness distribution efficiently and its successful application in the Antarctic Neila Fjord. Based on the electrical properties of sea ice and seawater and the application of electromagnetic field theory, this technique can accurately detect the distance between the EM instrument and the ice/water interface to measure the sea ice thickness. Analyzing the apparent conductivity data obtained by the electromagnetic induction technique and drill-hole measurements at same location allows the construction of a transform equation for the apparent conductivity and sea ice thickness. The verification of the calculated sea ice thickness using this equation indicates that the electromagnetic induction technique is able to determine reliable sea ice thickness with an average relative error of only 5.5%. The ice thickness profiles show the sea ice distribution in Neila Fjord is basically level with a thickness of 0.8 - 1.4 m.     

Tidal effects on estuarine circulation and outflow plume in the Chesapeake Bay

The response of the Chesapeake Bay to river discharge under the influence and absence of tide is simulated with a numerical model. Four numerical experiments are examined: (1) response to river discharge only; (2) response to river discharge plus an ambient coastal current along the shelf outside the bay; (3) response to river discharge and tidal forcing; and (4) response to river discharge, tidal forcing, and ambient coastal current. The general salinity distribution in the four cases is similar to observations inside the bay. Observed features, such as low salinity in the western side of the bay, are consistent in model results. Also, a typical estuarine circulation with seaward current in the upper layer and landward current in the lower layer is obtained in the four cases. The two cases without tide produce stronger subtidal currents than the cases with tide owing to greater frictional effects in the cases with tide. Differences in salinity distributions among the four cases appear mostly outside the bay in terms of the outflow plume structure. The two cases without tide produce an upstream (as in a Kelvin wave sense) or northward branch of the outflow plume, while the cases with tide produce an expected downstream or southward plume. Increased friction in the cases with tide changes the vertical structure of outflow at the entrance to the bay and induces large horizontal variations in the exchange flow. Consequently, the outflow from the bay is more influenced by the bottom than in the cases without tide. Therefore, a tendency for a bottom-advected plume appears in the cases with tide, rather than a surface-advected plume, which develops in the cases without tide. Further analysis shows that the tidal current favors a salt balance between the horizontal and vertical advection of salinity around the plume and hinders the upstream expansion of the plume outside the bay.     

重力仪高频信息和地脉动的观测研究

本文介绍了应用电磁反馈零位检测技术改装的重力仪进行高频信息的观测。阐述重力仪高频信息频谱分布特征、数据采集、数字计算和随机信息的处理方法。利用高频信息可以很好地观测和研究地脉动,给出北京香山地震台利用重力仪高频信息观测所得的地脉动功率谱。分析了地脉动特征及其与台风过程的关系;讨论了某些大地震前所出现的地脉动异常现象。得出北京地区正常地脉动频率分布范围为0.13-0.32Hz,优势频率为0.2Hz,相应的卓越周期为5s的脉动频率异常,也可能在地脉动的正常频率处（0.2Hz左右）,出现幅度很大的脉动幅度异常,后者又往往与台风引起的幅度异常相混淆。     

新疆特克斯-昭苏地震断层的发现及有关问题的讨论

1986年作者在特克斯-昭苏盆地首次发现长70公里、最大垂直和水平位移均达8米的地震断裂带和地震形变现象,并认为是1716年地震时形成的。地震断裂带的展布和运动方式,与科博河-昭管处断裂相一致。特克斯断裂带是一条复杂的断裂带,它由多条断裂组成。1716年地震表明该断裂带具有新的活动性     

1987年9月19日富蕴北5.8级地震

1987年6月19日新疆富蕴县可可托海镇西北发生了Ms=5.8级地震,震中位于喀依尔提河与阿拉散河交汇处,震中烈度为Ⅶ度,等震线长轴方向与可可托海——二台断裂基本一致。震中区人员无伤亡,仅有山石滚落;Ⅵ、Ⅴ度区内的土平房、有不同程度的损坏个别砖平房,楼房出现裂缝。这次地震属于孤立型地震,震前有中短期异常。     

节气与灾害

节气是我国古人的创见,它属于东方科学观点,在农时上具有重大意义。除此之外,我们发现,它在灾害预测上也有价值。我们曾发现上海的龙卷风以及与我国同纬度的美国的龙卷风的发生在节气日占优势。今年以来我们对我国的灾害性天气作了检验,发现绝大多数也发生在节气日或其附近,其余多在期望日或其附近。现列举于下:     

混沌与预报期限

混沌理论的提出是自然科学的重大进展,它与自然灾害的预报密切相关。在气象学方面,人们已初步对混沌影响预报的问题作了讨论,其结论是: (1) 影响是有时间期限的,超过这个期限影响才重要,不超过则不重要,这个期限称     

中国地区地震P波和S波走时表的实用检验

中国地区地震P波和S波走时表实测地震的效果如何?本文给出了一系列地震的实测结果,对比J—B表和其他走时表分析表明,建立在中国地区实际观测数据所独立算出的中国地区地震波走时表,更适合于实际情况,用以测定中国地区震中的参数具有较高的精确度。     

临震电磁波信息研究

临震电磁波辐射与电磁扰动的现象,早在1966年邢台地震时就引起了人们的注意。1975年海城地震和1976年唐山大震后,一些单位从不同的方面开展了观测研究工作。我省一些中强震震前也曾出现过不同表现形式的电磁波辐射与电磁扰动现象。如1970年10月29日金湖4.2级地震前约2小时,震中区一鱼场工人发现收音机受到强烈干扰,震后即恢复正常;1974