福建仙游震群重定位及序列特征分析

使用福建东南沿海地壳速度结构模型,利用双差定位方法(hypodd),对2010年8月—2013年12月福建仙游地区震群序列进行重新定位,讨论仙游震群序列的变化特征。定位结果显示,仙游震群序列主要围绕金钟水库蓄水区周缘活动,震源位置和深度表现出一定时空阶段性分布特征,并具有一定水库地震性质。     

恩施剖面栖霞组下部贫氧-缺氧环境成因模式

我国华南地区二叠系栖霞组沉积了多套富有机碳的暗色岩系,是华南地区油气勘探的潜在烃源岩。其形成主要与水体的氧化还原以及古特提斯海洋洋流系统有关。然而,栖霞期水体的缺氧-贫氧的成因模式还需要更多的地质证据。本文选择湖北省恩施剖面栖霞组下部臭灰岩段钙质页岩及碳酸盐岩夹层为研究对象,开展稀土元素REE、微量元素Th/U比值以及碳酸盐矿物晶格内微量硫酸盐硫同位素组成分析。研究结果表明,栖霞组下部臭灰岩段的下部沉积水体主要为缺氧至贫氧条件,而臭灰岩段上部主要为贫氧至氧化条件。这些缺氧至贫氧沉积主要是由洋流的上涌造成。洋流的上涌将深水环境中缺氧、贫氧的底部水体涌至陆棚斜坡地带,造成斜坡浅水地带形成一个近似倒三角的缺氧-贫氧水体带,从而沉积了栖霞组暗色薄层石灰岩或钙质页岩。     

广西来宾蓬莱滩剖面G-L界线草莓状黄铁微晶粒径特征及其氧化还原意义

在瓜德鲁普统末期发生了一次大规模生物灭绝事件,多类生物均遭受重创。关于此次生物灭绝事件成因,有学者认为海洋缺氧是主要的直接原因之一,但瓜德鲁普统-乐平统（G-L）过渡时期海洋的氧化还原条件的研究开展得较少,缺少直接证据证明海洋缺氧和瓜德鲁普统末期生物灭绝的关系。草莓状黄铁矿粒径是指示沉积水体氧化还原条件的少数可靠的指标之一。由于微晶粒径大小与草莓状黄铁矿粒径大小密切相关,草莓微晶粒径大小同样也可以作为沉积水体的氧化还原指标。本文通过研究蓬莱滩剖面卡匹敦阶茅口组和吴家坪阶合山组下部草莓状黄铁矿微晶粒径特征,从而分析沉积环境的氧化还原状态。研究结果表明蓬莱滩剖面茅口组和合山组微晶粒径多数分布在0.4～1.2 μm之间,大部分样品微晶粒径分布相对较窄,部分样品分布较宽。茅口组-合山组界线处间歇性出现微晶粒径很小且分布范围窄的样品,其平均微晶粒径一般小于0.7 μm,最大值一般不超过1.2 μm,很可能指示硫化-缺氧的环境。茅口组和合山组大部分样品平均微晶粒径分布在0.7～1.0 μm之间,最大值一般不超过3.3 μm,很可能指示的是氧化-贫氧环境。蓬莱滩剖面硫化至缺氧环境对应着瓜德鲁普末期生物灭绝事件层位,说明这两者很可能存在因果关系。海洋的硫化缺氧很可能是瓜德鲁普末期生物灭绝的主要原因之一。     

Characteristics analysis of spatial and temporal variation on extreme weather events in Anhui Province for recent 50 years

To mitigate the impact of natural or man-made hazards on the services of an infrastructure facility, it is important to quantitatively assess its available capacity. For example, in a post-disaster scenario, critical infrastructure is likely to experience (i) excessive demand for the service of an infrastructure and/or (ii) compromised capacity because of damage to the infrastructure and the failure of infrastructure interdependencies. As the demand grows and nears the capacity limit of an infrastructure facility, a shortage of services required for the community’s recovery will occur. The development of mitigation strategies and an assessment of their effectiveness require a systematic approach. In this paper, a functional stress–strain principle for infrastructure facilities is proposed to quantitatively assess their serviceability in post-disaster scenarios. Functional stress in infrastructure management represents a service-related demand on an infrastructure facility, while strain indicates its coping capacity. The dynamic nature of infrastructure services will be considered depending on the relationship between demand and available capacity. The allowable range of functional stress is then defined, considering plastic and elastic patterns of responses of a facility during recovery to explore strain capacity variations. The proposed principle facilitates a systematic understanding of how infrastructure facilities can adapt themselves to growing stress and the maximum level of stress they can handle. The application of the proposed functional stress–strain principle is demonstrated through case studies of two infrastructure facilities in a post-earthquake scenario: a medical facility and a power facility.     

GPS软件接收机捕获方法研究

为解决GPS软件接收机中频信号的捕获问题,首先基于FFT的并行码捕获实现了对基带信号的粗捕,对粗捕的捕获判决进行改进,采用自适应门限值调整方法,即基于次高峰判决,同时对次高峰的寻找采用开窗原理;然后利用FFT的频域分析方法进行精捕。与传统相位差分精捕不同,利用FFT频域内对中频信号进行精捕,通过增大FFT变换的点数来提高精捕频率的分辨率,同时具体给出了粗捕和精捕的具体捕获步骤以及主要的技术问题;最后利用一组GPS实测数据对上述分析进行了计算,实验结果表明：基于FFT的GPS信号的粗捕与利用FFT的频域精捕方法非常有效,捕获快速准确,可以满足GPS软件接收机的要求。     

利用神经网络建立GPS网络RTK的双差对流层误差模型

为减小对流层误差改正数中系统偏差的影响以提高对流层改正精度,提出了基于神经网络的顾及空间的对流层误差建模模型,该模型的对流层延迟误差改正在网内外精度均达5 cm。     

关于地震前兆的判据问题

地震前兆是地震预报的基础,这个基础是由一些个案构成的.应该把地震前兆研究放在地震预报研究之前.对地震前兆的识别需要判据.不能把权威学者的只言片语或者流行的假说当作判别地震前兆的最终凭据,而且目前不具备进行地震前兆统计的基本条件.综合人们以往的认识,识别地震前兆异常有3个自然判据:1)有正常背景;2)非干扰影响;3)与地震相关.其中,与地震相关是核心.可靠的地震前兆判定需要精确的观测资料.对地震前兆判据的研究对制定地震研究规划和观测规范都有指导作用.     

Effect of bis(tributyltin) oxide on reproduction and population growth rate of calanoid copepod Schmackeria poplesia

A full life-cycle toxicity test, combined with histology, on calanoid copepod Schmackeria poplesia was used to study the effect of bis(tributyltin) oxide (TBTO). The results indicate no sex-specific differences in TBTO toxicity. Long-term mortalities of the copepods exposed to concentrations higher than 20 ng TBTO L⁻¹ were significantly elevated compared with that of control, and larval development was inhibited when they were exposed to 40 and 60 ng TBTO L⁻¹. The percentages of ovigerous females were reduced compared with the control (P<0.01) after 24 days exposure to concentrations higher than 10 ng TBTO L⁻¹. Histological examinations suggest that exposure to TBTO might block the posterior end of the diverticula and inhibits the production of egg sacs. A modified Euler-Lotka equation was used to calculate a population-level endpoint, the intrinsic rate of natural increase (r _m), from individual life-table endpoints, i.e. mortality rate, time of release of first brood, sex ratio, the fraction of ovigerous females among all females as well as the number of nauplii per ovigerous female. Apart from the highest TBTO concentration (60 ng L⁻¹), where all females aborted their egg sacs, 20 ng TBTO L⁻¹ was the only concentration that significantly decreased r _m compared with that of control (an effect associated with decreased sex ratio). The results show that the S. poplesia is affected by prolonged exposure to low concentrations of TBTO. The full life-cycle toxicity test combined with histology experiments provides more integral understanding of the toxicity of endocrine disrupters.     

Gene cloning and prokaryotic expression of recombinant flagellin A from Vibrio parahaemolyticus

The Gram-negative Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common pathogen in humans and marine animals. Bacteria flagellins play an important role during infection and induction of the host immune response. Thus, flagellin proteins are an ideal target for vaccines. We amplified the complete flagellin subunit gene (flaA) from V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802. We then cloned and expressed the gene into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells. The gene coded for a protein that was 62.78 kDa. We purified and characterized the protein using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and Anti-His antibody Western blotting, respectively. Our results provide a basis for further studies into the utility of the FlaA protein as a vaccine candidate against infection by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. In addition, the purified FlaA protein can be used for further functional and structural studies.     

Millennial-centennial scales climate changes of Holocene indicated by magnetic susceptibility of high-resolution section in Salawusu River valley,China

The upmost segment(Holocene series)of the Milanggouwan stratigraphic section(MGS1)in the Salawusu River valley shows 11 sedimentary cycles of dune sands and fluvio-lacustrine facies,or dune sands and paleosols.The analysis of the magnetic susceptibility of this segment suggests that there are 11 magnetic susceptibility cycles with the value alternating from low to high,in which the layers of the dune sands correspond to the lower value of the magnetic susceptibility and the layers of fluvio-lacustrine facies and paleosols correspond to the higher peaks.The study reveals that the low and high magnetic susceptibility values indicate the climate dominated by cold-arid winter monsoon and warm-humid summer monsoon of East Asia,respectively,and the study area has experienced at least 22 times of mil-lennial-centennial scales climate alternation from the cold-arid to the warm-humid during the Holocene.In terms of the time and the climate nature,the variations basically correspond to those of the North Atlantic and some records of cold-warm changes in China as well.They might be caused by the alternation of winter and summer monsoons in the Mu Us Desert induced by global climate fluctuations in the Holocene.