川西坳陷平落坝构造富钾卤水成因探讨

川西坳陷平落坝构造区是我国目前发现的深层海相碳酸盐岩地层中钾离子浓度最高的构造区,同时伴有B,Br,I,Li等多种元素。从平落4井于20世纪90年代初发现富钾卤水以来,研究人员对富钾卤水的成因先后提出了多种认识,主要认为富钾卤水为原生海水沉积变质作用形成。然而,近年来研究发现有很多无法用沉积变质说解释的现象。为此,在研究过程中,不但追踪卤水中溶剂(水)的来源,还关注卤水中溶质的来源,得出了川西坳陷平落坝构造区富钾卤水属于多来源、多期次成因的结论。研究认为:①卤水中水的来源与古海水和成岩作用中含水矿物脱水有关;卤水中钾具有多源多期次成因特点,主要与原始海水浓缩有关,其次与含钾矿物的溶解有关,同时与二叠纪玄武岩、三叠纪绿豆岩及深部流体活动有关。②富钾卤水的成因模式为:膏盐盆地是富钾卤水形成的基础条件;断层是富钾卤水运移的主要通道;夹持在膏盐岩层之间的碳酸盐岩层是富钾卤水的良好储钾层;裂隙和孔洞是富钾卤水储集的主要空间;构造高点是富钾卤水主要储集场所;温度是富钾卤水品位高低的重要因素;厚度大的膏盐岩层是富钾卤水保存的可靠屏障。     

斜阶跃波层状介质航空瞬变电磁响应数值计算

目前,航空瞬变电磁方法数据解释主要采用阶跃波均匀半空间模型计算视电导率值,而实际航空电磁系统发射波形的下降沿多为斜阶跃,导致解释时计算的视电导率值存在较大偏差。为此,笔者研究了航空瞬变电磁系统发射电流为斜阶跃时的电磁响应数值计算,将发射波形进行拉氏变换,利用G-S逆拉氏变换与241点汉克尔变换相结合的方法,实现斜阶跃波关断后的层状大地模型航空瞬变电磁响应计算;并对均匀半空间和层状大地模型下,不同关断时间和不同飞行高度对电磁响应的影响进行分析。得出结论:不同关断时间,关断后取样延时2 ms时,均匀半空间电磁响应的平均偏差为27.78%,三层模型的平均偏差为32.16%;当飞行高度从20 m增加到60 m时,均匀半空间和三层模型的感应电动势分别减小了43.6%和83.2%。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法对白钨矿中稀土元素的准确测定——以云南麻栗坡南秧田白钨矿床的成因探讨为例

通过建立的高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱测定稀土元素( REEs)的分析方法,准确测定出麻栗坡南秧田白钨矿床两类不同矿体的围岩和矿石中稀土元素的含量,方法的灵敏度高,检出限低,精密度和准确度均非常满意.通过对稀土元素地球化学特征的研究,表明存在两种不同成因的白钨矿,一为与围岩同时沉积形成的白钨矿,在变质作用条件下形成了矽卡岩型白钨矿;二为后期热液携带来的具有较高稀土含量的石英脉型白钨矿.前者具有轻稀土元素富集、重稀土亏损、中等程度的Eu、Ce负异常等特征,与沉积环境关系密切,推测是海底火山喷发(喷流)沉积变质作用的产物;后者具有较低的稀土总量∑REEs以及显著的Eu正异常特征,表现出较高的稀土分馏特性,为后期热液作用形成,并对先期矿体有叠加改造作用,使矿化更加富集.     

楔形构造在山前冲断构造位移量消减中的作用

介于复活的天山造山带与稳定的准噶尔克拉通之间的准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带,是印度板块与欧亚大陆碰撞的远距离效应产物,也是新近纪以来青藏高原隆升并向北推挤的直接结果。前陆冲断带吸收了来自造山带的水平缩短构造位移量后,克拉通一侧构造趋于稳定。准噶尔盆地南缘与世界上多数前陆冲断带构造地质特征相似,通过区域地震剖面的精细构造几何学和运动学解析,发现其中的楔形构造非常典型,是前陆冲断带内部冲断构造位移量消减的主要方式之一,控制着前陆冲断带分布范围和变形方式。准噶尔盆地南缘构造变形主要由南侧的天山造山带向北逆掩冲断,但是大部分冲断构造位移量是通过楔形构造反向传递后消减。紧邻天山北麓的齐古-喀拉扎-昌吉等构造带,山前深部的楔形体沿侏罗系西山窑组煤层向北扩展过程中,部分位移量沿构造楔顶部的反冲断层向南消减,并切割上覆地层形成第一排背斜带,另一部分位移量则继续向北传递,在断坡位置引发褶皱变形,形成霍-玛-吐第二排构造带和安集海-呼图壁第三排背斜带。准噶尔盆地南缘第二、三排构造带中-新生界内部发育多个小型的构造楔型体,这些互相叠置的楔型构造横向延伸不大,加大了构造变形的复杂性和构造圈闭识别的难度。     

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??????????????????????????????????????б????÷??????GNSS??????????飬?????????????????????????????????????????????????仯????????????????????????????????????3 mm??1 mm?????????????????????????????????2 mm??0.2 mm??????????仯?????????о???????????????????2?仯????????????????????????????仯????????峱???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????     

T213L31全球中期数值天气预报系统2m温度预报误差源分析

T213L31全球中期数值天气预报系统的2m温度预报存在系统性偏低的问题，对业务预报影响很大，针对这一问题就产生原因对模式系统进行分析定位。经过一系列分析，通过对模式地形高度与观测站地形高度的比较，以及通过采用欧洲中心与国家气象中心的陆面过程初值得到的2m温度的比较，认为2m温度的误差是由于模式地形高度与实际地形高度存在较大差异以及2m温度预报对陆面过程所需的初值如土壤湿度等的敏感而实际采用特定值代替初始场的不科学性造成的。     

安徽柯村A型花岗岩岩墙群地质地球化学特征及构造环境

柯村岩墙群岩石具文象结构，地球化学上具富硅、富碱、富Ｇａ、Ｚｒ、Ｎｂ、Ｆ，低铝、贫水和Ｂａ、Ｓｒ特征。在多种判别图上，均投影在Ａ型花岗岩区。根据岩石地球化学特征和产出构造环境分析，柯村岩墙群属非造山区裂图１柯村碱性花岗岩岩墙群地质略图Ｆｉｇ．１Ｔｈｅａｌｋａｌｉｎｅｇｒａｎｉｔｅｄｙｋｅｃｌｕｓｔｅｒ，Ｋｅｃｕｎ．谷Ａ型花岗岩。     

2021年中国龙卷活动及灾情特征

2021年中国经确认的龙卷天气过程有39次,总计58个龙卷,其中EF2级或以上强度龙卷数量16个,EF3级龙卷6个,EF2级和EF3级龙卷数量明显多于2004—2013年的龙卷记录年平均值.龙卷发生在4—10月,其中7月最多.龙卷共导致23人死亡、470多人受伤.龙卷的地理分布呈现出北多南少的特征.有55个龙卷为西风带...     

Current structure and its variation in the equatorial area of the western north Pacific Ocean

Based on the current measurement data from the R/V Ryofu Maru of JMA in the equatorial area along 137°E (1972–83) and 155°E (1972–79) the structures of the zonal velocity of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) and the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) and their variations are systematically analyzed in detail. At 155°E, the current at the equator and 100–300 m depth was a typical eastward EUC, it intensified in 1973–75, i.e., in the non-El Niño period. While the corresponding current at 137°E was mostly westward, and the origin of the EUC shifted to north of the equator around 0.5–1.5°N owing to the influence of the New Guinea Coast. The EUC origin disappeared in early July, 1982. Comparing with the EUC disappearance at 159°W, the average speed of an eastward travelling wave would be～1.1m/s. The velocity core of the NECC at 137°E generally shifted northward in winter and southward in summer, and was stronger in summer and weaker in winter. The fluctuations of the NECC were closely related to those of the wind stress curl over the region 2–10°N, 160°E–150°W.     

A note on the deep circulation in the area east of Taiwan and the Philippines

The deep water (1000–3000 m) circulation in the area east of Taiwan and the Philippines has been little studied. Moriyasu (1972) and Reid (1981) discussed the 3000 db surface (3000/1200 db) and 2000 db surface (2000/3500 db) circulations of the Philippine Sea Basin, respectively. They both showed that there may be a northward current close to the western margin of the Sea Basin. Recent analyses of two sets of deep sea hydrographic data yielded quite different results, i. e., at deep waters in the area east of Taiwan and the Philippines southward countercurrents flow under the upper northward currents. The possible causative mechanism of these southward deep countercurrents is the blocking effects of the submarine ridge east of Suao and of the Ryukyu Islands Shelf on the northward flowing upper currents. The above-mentioned preliminary deductions were wholely based on consideration of the relative geostrophic current and calculation, though the reference surface (3500 db) was very deep. It is suggested that direct measurements of the deep currents in the study area are needed to verify these results. Contribution No. 1750 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica. This paper was presented at the PRC/USA Symposium on Western Pacific Air-Sea Interaction (Nov., 1988, Beijing). This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.