乌龟外周血细胞的显微结构

报道了乌龟血细胞的显微结构。血涂片经过染色,可鉴定出红细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞、血栓细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、嗜中性粒细胞等７ 种细胞。红细胞数量多,长椭圆形,具圆核。白细胞数量少,圆形,分为两种：无粒型白细胞和粒型白细胞。无粒型白细胞包括单核细胞和淋巴细胞,无特殊颗粒;粒型白细胞包括嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞和嗜中性粒细胞,有特殊颗粒。     

Stratospheric temperature trends: impact of ozone variability and the QBO

In most climate simulations used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007 fourth assessment report, stratospheric processes are only poorly represented. For example, climatological or simple specifications of time-varying ozone concentrations are imposed and the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of equatorial stratospheric zonal wind is absent. Here we investigate the impact of an improved stratospheric representation using two sets of perturbed simulations with the Hadley Centre coupled ocean atmosphere model HadGEM1 with natural and anthropogenic forcings for the 1979–2003 period. In the first set of simulations, the usual zonal mean ozone climatology with superimposed trends is replaced with a time series of observed zonal mean ozone distributions that includes interannual variability associated with the solar cycle, QBO and volcanic eruptions. In addition to this, the second set of perturbed simulations includes a scheme in which the stratospheric zonal wind in the tropics is relaxed to appropriate zonal mean values obtained from the ERA-40 re-analysis, thus forcing a QBO. Both of these changes are applied strictly to the stratosphere only. The improved ozone field results in an improved simulation of the stepwise temperature transitions observed in the lower stratosphere in the aftermath of the two major recent volcanic eruptions. The contribution of the solar cycle signal in the ozone field to this improved representation of the stepwise cooling is discussed. The improved ozone field and also the QBO result in an improved simulation of observed trends, both globally and at tropical latitudes. The Eulerian upwelling in the lower stratosphere in the equatorial region is enhanced by the improved ozone field and is affected by the QBO relaxation, yet neither induces a significant change in the upwelling trend.     

Future urban growth and agricultural land in Ontario

The conversion of agricultural land to urban uses has been a point of concern for some years. Despite numerous empirical analyses, the impacts of such conversions on agriculture remain a subject of debate. This paper takes estimates of future rural to urban land conversion in Ontario for the period of 1976–2001 and evaluates implications of these in terms of the land resource for agriculture. Data on crop yields allow some assessment of the loss of provincial productive potential due to the estimated land conversions. Results indicate that while the greatest conversion will occur at the expense of land with a high capability for agriculture, the proportion converted is small relative to the total land resource.     

High dispersion observations of Venus during 1972: The CO2 band at 7820Å

Forty-seven well exposed photographic plates of Venus which show the spectrum of the carbon dioxide band at 7820Å were obtained at Table Mountain Observatory in September and October 1972. These spectra showed a semiregular four-day variation in the CO₂ abundance over the disk of the planet (Young et al., 1974). We also find evidence for temporal variations in the rotational temperature of this band and temperature variations over the disk. The two quantities, CO₂ abundance and temperature, do not show any obvious relationship; however, an increase in the temperature usually is accompanied by a decrease in the abundance of CO₂. The average temperature, found from a curve-of-growth analysis assuming a constant CO₂ line width, is 249±1.4K (one standard deviation). This temperature is noticeably higher than the rotational temperature of 242±2K found for this same band in 1967 (Schorn et al., 1969) and of 242±1.2K in 1968–1969 (Young et al., 1971).     

Theoretical modelling of SiO maser lineshapes

Various factors affecting the lineshapes of SiO masers have been considered: saturation, competitive gain, velocity redistribution and properties of the circumstellar envelope supporting the masers. The lineshape of a single maser spot is likely to be dominated by conditions of complete velocity redistribution (CVR) for low to moderate amplification, changing to NVR (no velocity redistribution) only for strongly saturating masers. Both CVR and NVR regimes can produce peculiar lineshapes. When many maser cells were considered, distributed at random in the stellar envelope, the individual lineshapes were combined to produce synthetic spectra. Maser action is predicted in higher rotational transitions than those observed to date, for example the J=7-6 transition of v=2.     

Modelling interstellar water masers

Radiative transfer calculations for interstellar H₂O have been performed using accelerated A-iteration (ALI) techniques. The results show strong maser action from known maser transitions, as well as predicting new strong maser transitions for > 1.5 THz.