利用地震波形态选定公格尔山地区计算机定位的初定深度

分析认为公格尔山地区计算机测定地震参数精度不太明显的直接原因是使用ＢＬＯＣ８６定位程序时初定深度选取不当，根据地震活动图像显示，说明该地区不适合选取固定的初定深度，可以参考的地震波的不同形态来选定相应的初定深度。     

Classification of full-polarization ALOS-PALSAR imagery using SVM in arid area of Dunhuang

Classification is an important process in interpretation of synthetic aperture radar(SAR) imagery. As an advanced instrument for remote sensing, the polarimetric SAR has been applied widely in many fields. The main aim of this paper is to explore the ability of the full-polarization SAR data in classification. The study area is a part of Dunhuang, Gansu Province, China. An L-band full-polarization image of Dunhuang which includes quad-polarization modes was acquired by the ALOS-PALSAR(Advanced Land Observing Satellite–the Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar). Firstly, new characteristic information was extracted by the difference operation, ratio operation, and principal component transform based on the full-polarization(HH, HV or VH, VV) modes SAR data. Then the single-, dual-, full-polarization SAR data and new SAR characteristic information were used to analyze quantitatively the classification accuracy based on the Support Vector Machines(SVM). The results show that classification overall accuracy of single-polarization SAR data is poor, and the highest is 56.53% of VV polarization. The classification overall accuracy of dual-polarization SAR is much better than single-polarization, the highest is 74.77% of HV VV polarization data. The classification overall accuracy of full-polarization SAR is 80.21%, adding the difference characteristic information, ratio characteristic information and the first principal component(PC1) respectively, the overall accuracy increased by 3.09%, 3.38%, 4.14% respectively. When the full-polarization SAR data in combination with the all characteristic information, the classification overall accuracy reached to 91.01%. The full-polarization SAR data in combination with the band math characteristic information or the PC1 can greatly improve classification accuracy.     

四川雅安-宝兴地区的侏罗-白垩系

根据１∶５万区域地质调查资料,将四川省雅安—宝兴地区的侏罗—白垩系地层,由老至新划分为白田坝组、千佛崖组、沙溪庙组、遂宁组、莲花口组、天马山组、夹关组、灌口组等８个岩石地层单元。描述了层型剖面的层序及岩石组合特征,讨论了生物地层及年代地层问题。对侏罗—白垩系的沉积环境进行了分析,初步划分出河流相、湖泊相、冲积扇相三大类型。     

甘蒙北山后红泉地区海相玄武岩地球化学、年代学特征及成因

甘蒙北山地区发育的海相二叠系地层是中亚造山带南缘最年轻的海相沉积地层之一,为进一步探讨二叠纪古亚洲洋的关闭及后期的碰撞造山作用的时间节点,选取甘蒙北山后红泉地区二叠系海相火山岩-碎屑岩地层的5条代表性剖面进行了岩性-岩相及分布特征研究,并对海相地层中的玄武岩进行了岩相学、元素地球化学以及全岩Sr-Nd同位素等研究,同时选择剖面典型岩石进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年.获得流纹英安岩与含砂亮泥晶生屑灰岩年龄分别为273±1.7 Ma和275.8±1.4 Ma,结合已发表年龄数据及古生物资料,明确了火山岩的喷发时代介于早二叠世亚丁斯克期-中二叠世沃德期,应厘定为双堡塘组;地球化学研究表明,后红泉地区玄武岩SiO₂含量介于47.48%~54.56%,主要为玄武岩和玄武安山岩,属钠质拉斑玄武岩;稀土总量（ΣREE）较高,为74.90×10-6~173.61×10-6,LREE/HREE为2.32~6.55,表现出轻稀土相对重稀土轻微富集,（La/Yb）_N=1.30~6.20,在球粒陨石标准化分布曲线整体上呈现LREE轻度富集、配分曲线平缓的特征,相对富集La、Ce、Nd、Zr、Hf等元素,不同程度地亏损Ta、Nb、P、Ti等元素,δEu=0.83~1.20,无明显的Eu异常;（87Sr/86Sr）_i为0.702 024~0.706 432,ε_Nd（t）值介于1.99~6.54（除了-0.59和-0.83）.因此,后红泉地区玄武岩岩浆是由接近原始地幔成分的石榴石二辉橄榄岩低程度熔融形成,其演化成岩过程中并未经地壳的强烈混染,而在岩浆源区发生了强烈的混染作用,推测软流圈地幔受到了陆源沉积岩、大陆地壳或蚀变大洋地壳改造,岩石圈拆沉作用可能是其产生的重要机制;说明古亚洲洋在早期已闭合,至早-中二叠世进一步拉张裂解形成了裂谷盆地.      

黑龙江省西北部晚古生代I-A型花岗岩的成因及构造意义

本文以黑龙江省西北部大兴安岭塔源镇和小兴安岭二站乡地区花岗岩为研究对象,通过岩石学、U-Pb年代学及地球化学分析,揭示了古亚洲洋在该地区的俯冲—碰撞过程。塔源黑云母二长花岗岩U-Pb年龄为308 Ma,为晚石炭世侵入体,具有高硅、高碱的特征,富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素,ε_Hf（t）为0.8~2.5,地球化学特征显示其来源于增生的下地壳物质;二站乡二长花岗岩、碱长花岗岩U-Pb年龄分别为305和293 Ma,同样为高硅、高碱系列,富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素,地球化学特征显示其来源于新生地壳。晚石炭世花岗岩为Ⅰ型花岗岩,早二叠世花岗岩为A型花岗岩。利用锆石δEu定量限定了塔源二长花岗岩和二站乡二长花岗岩的形成深度,分别为38.8 和34.7 km,而碱长花岗岩形成深度为28.7 km,暗示晚石炭世至早二叠世该地区经历了地壳的拉张减薄,记录了古亚洲洋的俯冲消亡与之后的后碰撞伸展作用。     

银根—额济纳旗盆地天草凹陷下白垩统巴音戈壁组有效烃源岩地球化学特征及其形成环境

对于低勘探程度的小型断陷湖盆,寻找有效烃源岩对于勘探方向的选择具有非常重要的意义。本文基于天草凹陷新钻井的大量分析测试资料,对主要勘探层系下白垩统巴音戈壁组的纵横向烃源岩地球化学特征及形成环境进行了系统分析,并阐述了沉积环境变化对有效烃源岩发育的控制作用。研究结果表明：巴音戈壁组烃源岩有机质丰度达到了中等—好的级别,以巴音戈壁组二段有机质丰度最高（w（TOC）平均为1.1%）;有机质类型为Ⅱ₁-Ⅱ₂型,且巴音戈壁组二段的Ⅱ₁型有机质丰度最高,属于腐殖腐泥型;烃源岩热演化程度整体达到了低熟-成熟阶段,巴音戈壁组二段为成熟的烃源岩,具备较高的生烃能力;巴音戈壁组有效烃源岩下限为w（TOC）=1.0%,有机质来自高等植物和水生生物的混合源,且低等水生生物贡献比例稍大;巴音戈壁组沉积期为高盐度和还原的沉积环境,盆内藻类勃发和盆外适当的陆源有机质输入是湖盆水体较高古生产力和较好有机质类型的必要条件,持续稳定的缺氧环境为有机质的保存提供了良好条件,这是巴音戈壁组有效烃源岩形成的两个关键条件。天草凹陷南次洼比北次洼更适合有效烃源岩的发育,且发育的有效烃源岩具有更高的有机质丰度和成熟度,是下一步油气勘探的有利区域。     

辽东鞍山地区太古代构造样式及其数值模拟

太古宙地壳的构造样式一直是地学界研究的热点问题之一,存在着垂向构造和水平构造两大不同的构造演化认识。位于华北克拉通东缘的辽东鞍山地区广泛出露太古宙TTG岩系、绿片岩相变质的基性-中酸性火山碎屑岩、硅铁质沉积建造构成了典型的太古宙花岗-绿岩带。此外,花岗-绿岩带内丰富的构造变形记录,为探讨早期地壳构造演化提供了重要的线索。详细的野外宏观构造解析表明,鞍山东部白家坟、齐大山地区TTG岩系与(含铁)绿岩接触部位发育了陡倾滑韧性剪切带,代表了新太古宙地壳的垂向"穹脊构造"样式。基于I2VIS有限元差分方法模拟结果表明,鞍山地区花岗-绿岩带垂向构造成因应受控于新太古代末期大规模的岩浆活动造成的TTG上地壳岩石活化,粘度降低,密度变小,(含铁)绿岩建造与TTG岩石的密度差引起的拗沉作用。同时数值模拟结果显示太古代垂向拗沉构造体制很可能是地球演化早期的一种壳-幔物质交换循环的重要机制。     

重庆荣昌诱发地震区精细速度结构及2010年ML5.1地震序列精确定位

Based on data collected from a temporal seismic network, and in addition to the data from some nearby permanent stations, we investigate the velocity structure and seismicity in the Rongchang gas field, where significant injection-induced seismicity has been identified. First, we use receiver functions from distant earthquakes to invert detailed 1-D velocity structures beneath typical stations. Then, we use the double-difference hypocenter location method to re-locate earthquakes of the 2010 ML5.1 earthquake sequence that occurred in the region. The re-located hypocenters show that the 2010 ML5.1 earthquake sequence was distributed in a small area surrounding major injection wells and clustered mostly along pre-existing faults. Major earthquakes show a focal depth less than 5km with a dominant depth of ～2km, a depth of major reservoirs and injection wells. We thus conclude that the 2010 ML 5.1 earthquake sequence might have been induced by the deep well injection of unwanted water at a depth ～3km in the Rongchang gas field.     

龙门山中—南段构造格局及其形成演化

龙门山中－南段前陆盆地变形区,后山褶皱推覆带和滑覆飞来峰构成了本区的基本构造格局,它是在古生代扬子板块西缘稳定大陆边缘陆棚沉积建造的基础上经历印支运动以来多次变形改造的结果。