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21.
G.S. Golitsyn 《Icarus》1979,38(3):333-341
A short review of the atmospheric dynamics for the outer planets and some of their satellites with atmospheres is presented. Their physical properties are discussed. A survey of observational data for atmospheric motions on the large planets is presented and similarity parameters are given for all objects. General problems of the vertical structure of atmospheres are then considered with some detailed discussion for rarefied atmospheres on Io and Ganymede. The low densities of these atmospheres make their dynamics similar to those of the thermospheres of the terrestrial planets but with a specific boundary layer. The atmospheric temperature regime must be strongly coupled to that of their surface, and so winds should be of the order of the velocity of sound. Similarities and differences are noted between the dynamics of Titan and possibly of Pluto and the circulation on Venus. For large and rapidly rotating planets, some analogies with the oceans are pointed out. The “soliton” hypothesis is discussed in some detail for circulation perturbations observed on Jupiter's disk. Finally, it is noted that the bimodal rotation period found for Neptune [D.P. Cruikshank, Astrophys. J. 220, 157–159 (1978)] may be interpreted as an indication of an equatorial jet on the planet with a relative velocity of about 140 m sec?1. 相似文献
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23.
A. I. Skorokhod N. V. Pankratova I. B. Belikov R. L. Thompson A. N. Novigatsky G. S. Golitsyn 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2016,470(2):1081-1085
The results of experimental measurements of atmospheric methane concentrations and its isotopic composition in the Russian Arctic seas in the summer and autumn of 2015 are discussed. The Keeling plot method and inverse number simulation were used for revealing the factors responsible for elevated methane concentrations over the sea surface. Its maximum concentrations (up to 2050 ppb) were measured over the Kara and Laptev seas, as well as in the port area of Arkhangel’sk. It is shown that tundra and bog ecosystems of Siberia serve as the main sources of methane in the measurement zone (except for the area adjacent to large ports). As a whole, the share of methane from microbiological sources is as high as approximately 43% of the total methane concentrations along the ship route. 相似文献
24.
G. S. Golitsyn 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2007,43(1):81-85
The frequency spectrum of surface elevations in the presence of wind waves is well known. On this basis, one can estimate the frequency spectrum of vertical velocities in sea-surface waves. Owing to liquid incompressibility, the spectrum of horizontal velocities should have the same frequency dependence. The use of the dispersion equation for waves on the surface of a heavy liquid allows one to obtain to the spatial spectrum of velocities. Therefore, one can estimate the spatial structure function of the velocity field. For short waves and large depths, the structure function increases as r 1/2, where r is the distance between the points of observations. For long waves and shallow depths h, this increase is proportional to r. The coefficient of turbulent mixing K(r) of pollution spots of size r on the sea surface is now estimated as the product of the spot size and the rms difference of velocities. As a result, depending on r and h, the exponent in the r n dependence of K(r) may vary between 1.25 and 1.5. This outcome provides an explanation for a scatter in the values of the exponent n, a phenomenon that has been observed by many experimentalists. 相似文献
25.
Golitsyn G. S. Troitskaya Yu. I. Baydakov G. A. 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2021,57(1):60-66
Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - This paper analyzes the data of in situ measurements of the parameters of surface waves carried out at various degrees of development. The Toba... 相似文献
26.
G. S. GOLITSYN 《大气科学进展》2009,26(3):585-598
The goal of this paper is to quantitatively formulate some necessary conditions for the
development of intense atmospheric vortices. Specifically, these criteria are discussed for tropical
cyclones (TC) and polar lows (PL) by using bulk formulas for fluxes of momentum, sensible heating,
and latent heating between the ocean and the atmosphere. The velocity scale is used in two forms: (1)
as expressed through the buoyancy flux b and the Coriolis parameter lc for rotating fluids convection,
and (2) as expressed with the cube of velocity times the drag coefficient through the formula for
total kinetic energy dissipation in the atmospheric boundary layer. In the quasistationary case the
dissipation equals the generation of the energy. In both cases the velocity scale can be expressed
through temperature and humidity differences between the ocean and the atmosphere in terms of the
reduced gravity, and both forms produce quite comparable velocity scales. Using parameters b and lc,
we can form scales of the area and, by adding the mass of a unit air column, a scale of the total
kinetic energy as well. These scales nicely explain the much smaller size of a PL, as compared to
a TC, and the total kinetic energy of a TC is of the order 1018-1019 J. It will be shown
that wind of 33 m s-1 is produced when the total enthalpy fluxes between the ocean and the
atmosphere are about 700 W m-2 for a TC and 1700 W m-2 for a PL, in association with
the much larger role of the latent heat in the first case and the stricter geostrophic constraints
and larger static stability in the second case. This replaces the mystical role of 26oC as
a criterion for TC origin.
The buoyancy flux, a product of the reduced gravity and the wind speed, together with the atmospheric
static stability, determines the rate of the penetrating convection. It is known from the observations
that the formation time for a PL reaching an altitude of 5--6 km can be only a few hours, and a day, or
even half a day, for a TC reaching 15--18 km. These two facts allow us to construct curves on the plane
of Ts and ΔT=Ts-Ta to determine possibilities for forming an intense vortex. Here, Ta is the atmospheric temperature at the height z=10 m. A PL should have ΔT>20oC in accordance
with the observations and numerical simulations. The conditions for a TC are not so straightforward but
our diagram shows that the temperature difference of a few degrees, or possibly even a fraction of a
degree, might be sufficient for TC development for a range of static stabilities and development times. 相似文献
27.
A. I. Tikhonov M. S. Golitsyn V. P. Tikhonov A. F. Ivanov S. P. Yegorov R. I. Gafurov N. E. Mironova A. V. Vasil’ev 《Water Resources》2007,34(2):229-234
The possibility and expediency of the use of groundwater from the Upper Permian aquifers of the right-bank area of the Volga River as an alternative to the Cheboksary aquifer are shown on the basis of multipurpose studies using uranium-isotope and microelement hydrogeochemical methods. Currently, the Cheboksary aquifer is under exploration in Quaternary deposits of the left-bank area and is meant for centralized environmentally most safe supply of drinking water to the population of the towns of Cheboksary and Novocheboksarsk. 相似文献
28.
G. S. Golitsyn B. A. Kader B. M. Koprov M. I. Fortus 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2006,42(1):127-128
Personalia
Akiva Moiseevich Yaglom (on his 85th birthday) 相似文献29.
G. S. Golitsyn 《Water Resources》2018,45(4):503-507
An explanation is given to the fact that the cumulative number of damage cases is a decreasing function of the form Y?2/3. This is because the inundated area S depends on precipitation volume V as S ~ V2/3. Such dependence is confirmed by the data on the area of mushroom-shaped plumes at river mouths in the sites of river influx into the ocean. 相似文献
30.
G. S. Golitsyn 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2010,46(1):6-13
The problems of wind-induced waves on the sea surface are considered. To this end, the empirical fetch laws that determine
variations in the basic periods and heights of waves in relation to their fetch are used. The relation between the fetch and
the physical time is found, as are the dependences of the basic characteristics of waves on the time of wind forcing. It is
found that about 5% of wind energy dissipated in the near-water air layer contributes to the growth of wave heights, i.e.
wave energy, although this quantity depends on the age of waves and the exponent in the fetch laws. With consideration for
estimates of the probability distribution functions for the wind over the world ocean [11], it is found that the rate of wind-energy
dissipation in the near-water air layer is on the order of 1 W/m2. The calculations of wind waves [19] for the world ocean for 2007 have made it possible to assess the mean characteristics
of the cycle of wave development and their seasonal variations. An analysis of these calculations [19] shows that about 20%
of wind energy is transferred to the water surface. The remaining amount (80%) of wind energy is spent on the generation of
turbulence in the near-water air layer. About 2%, i.e., one tenth of the energy transferred to water, is spent on turbulence
generation due to the instability of the vertical velocity profile of the Stokes drift current and on energy dissipation in
the surf zones. Of the remaining 18%, 5% is spent directly on wave growth and 13% is spent on the generation of turbulence
during wave breaking and on a small-scale spectral region. These annually and globally mean estimates have a seasonal cycle
with an amplitude on the order of 20% in absolute values but with a smaller amplitude in relative values. According to [19]
and to the results of this study, the annually mean height of waves is estimated as 2.7 m and their age is estimated as 1.17. 相似文献