西秦岭伯阳—元龙地区中泥盆统变砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学特征及地质意义

对北秦岭—祁连结合部位伯阳—元龙地区一套变砂岩进行的碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测年结果表明,变砂岩碎屑锆石年龄的时间跨度极大(407～2483 Ma),有多个测点的年龄数据落入早泥盆世范围,说明变砂岩的沉积时代不应早于早泥盆世,结合区域地质资料将其形成时代确定为中泥盆世。变砂岩的主要物源是西秦岭造山带和扬子克拉通。结合地球化学特征推断变砂岩主体形成于活动大陆边缘构造背景,石英砂岩原岩中含有偏基性的火山物质,经过高绿片岩相—低角闪岩相变质作用形成富含黑云母和角闪石的变砂岩。本文的研究结果表明,中泥盆世天水—武山板块缝合带已经基本缝合,但未完全缝合,一方面导致源自扬子克拉通的碎屑物可以到达西秦岭北带,另一方面在西秦岭天水—武山构造带的部分区域可能仍有残余洋盆俯冲活动。     

Utilizing crowdsourcing to enhance the mitigation and management of landslides

Landslides are mainly triggered by earthquakes and rainfall and have poor temporal predictability. Landslides pose significant threats to settlements and infrastructure in mountainous regions around the world. To mitigate this natural hazard, a new paradigm of landslide mitigation and management is required. Increasing smartphone ownership around the world, especially in developing countries, offers scientists an opportunity to embrace crowdsourcing so as to improve landslide research. This paper presents a new landslide information system (LIS) comprising a smartphone app and an administrative interface and database. The mobile app has been published for both iPhone and Android platforms. The interface of the smartphone app is powered by the highly-customizable Google Maps platform, which is overlaid with real-time landslide data. Users can choose between visualizing “known sites” and “contribution” of landslide data. The visualization option shows published landslides and areas that are susceptible. Users can contribute their GPS coordinates and multimedia to enhance landslide reports. A comparison with similar systems, potential applications, and challenges of using smartphone technology for mitigating landslides are also discussed.     

内蒙古维拉斯托-拜仁达坝斑岩-热液脉状成矿体系研究

维拉斯托锡-钨-铷矿床是内蒙古克什克腾北部区新发现的一处大型斑岩型锡-钨-铷多金属矿床。矿床主要产出于锡林浩特杂岩和石炭纪石英闪长岩中,与石英斑岩体的侵位具有成因联系。该斑岩型矿床与之前发现的维拉斯托和拜仁达坝脉状矿床组成了一个由高温向中低温逐渐演化、过渡的斑岩-热液脉状锡-钨-铷-铜-锌-铅-银成矿体系。该成矿体系中成矿作用主要由四个阶段组成,即：(1)早期钠-钙-锶蚀变阶段锡-钨-铷矿化,(2)中期云英岩化阶段锡-钨矿化,(3)后期硅化、绢英岩化阶段铜-锌-铅-银矿化,以及(4)晚期无矿化阶段。钠-钙-锶蚀变阶段蚀变矿物主要为钠长石和天河石,伴随浸染状锡石、铁闪锌矿和黑钨矿化,含少量的毒砂和砷铋矿;云英岩化蚀变矿物主要为石英和棕色白云母,含少量的萤石,以锡石、黝铜矿和黑钨矿化为主,含少量的毒砂、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、铁闪锌矿、辉钼矿等;硅化-绢云母化蚀变矿物主要由石英、绿色绢云母、萤石组成,晚期蚀变叠加了明显的高岭土化、伊利石化和绿泥石化,该阶段形成大量的块状硫化物,以黄铁矿、毒砂、磁黄铁矿、铁闪锌矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿和含银黝铜矿为主。成矿体系内金属矿物组合和蚀变矿物组合显示成矿热液具有低氧逸度、低硫逸度和偏酸性的特征。成矿体系具有明显的蚀变分带和元素分带。蚀变分带主要体现为深部石英斑岩体中的钠-钙-锶蚀变带,近岩体的云英岩化蚀变带,以及远离岩体的硅化、绢云母化蚀变带。元素分带主要体现为近源（岩体）为锡-钨-铷矿化,铜、锌、铅和银矿化则依次向外产出。从元素分带的特征显示成矿物质从持续向外流动的热液中顺序卸载可能是这种分带性形成的根本原因,这种分带特征也是成矿热液运移方向的直接指示。该成矿体系内强烈富集大离子亲石元素,显示岩浆阶段的分异是成矿物质积聚的原因。元素的分带特征显示,热液阶段的分异则是成矿物质卸载的原因。维拉斯托斑岩型锡-钨-铷多金属矿床的发现为该地区大量脉状铅-锌-银矿床指出了新的找矿方向。     

The two-body problem of a pseudo-rigid body and a rigid sphere

In this paper we consider the two-body problem of a spherical pseudo-rigid body and a rigid sphere. Due to the rotational and “re-labelling” symmetries, the system is shown to possess conservation of angular momentum and circulation. We follow a reduction procedure similar to that undertaken in the study of the two-body problem of a rigid body and a sphere so that the computed reduced non-canonical Hamiltonian takes a similar form. We then consider relative equilibria and show that the notions of locally central and planar equilibria coincide. Finally, we show that Riemann’s theorem on pseudo-rigid bodies has an extension to this system for planar relative equilibria.     

Wetland-DNDC模型模拟密云水库消落带甲烷排放（英文）

淡水生态系统消落带是甲烷排放研究的热点区域,但相关数据的积累十分薄弱。本研究利用静态箱法和过程模型(Wetland-DNDC),研究了密云水库消落带CH_4排放通量。在消落带的三个水位梯度:即永久淹水深水区、永久淹水浅水区和季节性淹没区,选取九种典型植被进行CH_4排放通量的野外监测和模型模拟。结果表明:在三个水位梯度上,Wetland-DNDC模拟值与实测值拟合度分别为0.89、0.81和0.49(p0.001)。Wetland-DNDC模型抓住了水位波动、土壤温度和土壤有机质含量等因子对消落带CH_4排放的影响规律,成功地在时间、空间和数量级上对消落带CH_4排放通量进行了模拟,为评估水库温室气体排放提供了新方法。在密云水库生长季模拟的消落带CH_4总排放量为15.1 g CH4·m~(-2),在数量级上,与国内其他类型湿地消落带CH_4排放具有可比性。据此推算Wetland-DNDC模型适用于水库或湖泊消落带区域甲烷排放的模拟,对植被模块进行改进可以进一步提高模型模拟的准确性。     

JSY-ⅠD型数字静力水准遥测仪性能测试及标定方法研究

采用基于大量程百分表(0~30 mm)加步进电机的装置检测JSY-ⅠD型数字静力水准遥测仪的分辨率及其主要性能指标,检测结果满足电容式静力水准仪行业标准要求,从量值传递的方面解决了仪器整体测量的技术问题。     

Diversity and conservation status of large branchiopods (Crustacea) in ponds of western Poland

A survey on temporary ponds has been conducted in search for large branchiopod crustaceans (Anostraca, Notostraca, Spinicaudata and Laevicaudata) in Wielkopolska province (western Poland). 728 pools have been studied and large branchiopods have been found in 221 of them. Seven species have been recorded, including three anostracans: Branchipus schaefferi, Chirocephalus shadini and Eubranchipus grubii; two notostracans: Lepidurus apus and Triops cancriformis; one spinicaudatan, Cyzicus tetracerus and one laevicaudatan, Lynceus brachyurus. According to the analysis of co-occurrence, the species form three groups, differing in habitat preferences and conservation status. The number of species shows that the diversity of globally threatened large branchiopods is still relatively high in the region. On the other hand, their conservation status is highly diverse and in most species unfavourable. Distribution of all species is highly clustered: large branchiopods have been generally found in 33 UTM squares (10 × 10 km) of 96 squares studied. However, only two species, i.e. E. grubii and L. apus occurred in more than five such squares and could be assessed as moderately widespread. Most water bodies inhabited by large branchiopods occur in groups forming patches of suitable habitats which are dispersed among prevailing seemingly unsuitable areas. Sustaining the existence of large metapopulations seems, therefore, to be essential for conservation of branchiopod species diversity. Field observations also bring some examples of human activities unintentionally supporting the branchiopod conservation.     

Evaluation of Agricultural Ecological Security in Hubei Province

With the promotion of agricultural ecological civilization construction in China, agricultural ecological security has received increasing attention. How to ensure agricultural ecological security has become a great concern for many scholars. As an important agricultural province in China, Hubei is of great significance to Chinese food security and agricultural sustainable development. This paper aims to establish an index system of agricultural ecological security and security classification of Hubei via Analytic Hierarchy Process and Pressure-State-Response methods. An evaluation of agricultural ecological security in Hubei, with a base of the national average value in 2015, reveals that the security degree has increased by 0.07566 from 0.90150 in 2005 to 0.97716 in 2015. Results show that agricultural ecological security in Hubei has improved but failed to reach the national average and there is still large space for improvement of the security level, considering a trend of deterioration in some indexes, such as per capita water resources, population density, per unit area pesticide load of farmland, forest coverage, grassland degradation rate and average annual precipitation. Influencing factors, especially population spatial distribution, misconduct in agricultural production, insufficient ability in agricultural natural disaster prevention, deficiency of agro-ecological technology of agricultural ecological security in Hubei are analyzed. For improvement of the degree of agricultural ecological security in Hubei, some countermeasures and suggestions are discussed.     

IAU 1976天文常数系统中的基础常数

对ＩＡＵ１９７６天文常数系统中的基础常数的测定方法进行了评述,指出十个基础常数已发生了许多变化,光速已成为常数,地球赤道半径可用于大地水准面的重力势代替,黄经总岁差需进行修改,章动常数已不能称为基础常数,其它常数也都有了新的测定结果,ＩＡＵ１９７６天文常数系统已跟上不天文学的发展,并存在很大的缺陷,必须进行修订和改进,天文常数的测定方法和理论研究都在迅速发展之中,我们应当关心这个领域的研究。