勾拌法密封墙施工的力学分析

基于新型密封墙施工技术勾拌法原理的阐述,适用于施工区域存在上部土层主要为中粗砂、砾石层且夹有大量巨大石块的地层情况,传统的施工工艺难以有效地构建地下密封墙的难点,分析了勾拌法形成密封墙行之有效的施工机制。文中针对开挖槽壁三种不同破坏滑动面的情况,对勾拌法施工过程中开挖槽壁的稳定性进行了力学分析,得到了三种潜在破坏面情况下槽壁稳定系数的计算公式。在施工过程中如果槽壁出现破坏,则可根据公式计算出保持槽壁安全稳定的泥浆重度,通过调控泥浆重度使槽壁保持稳定,为勾拌法安全有效的施工提供指导。最后,结合澳门国际机场南停机坪扩建工程的工程实例,根据真空度的历时实测结果分析,表明采取勾拌法密封墙施工技术密封效果良好,解决了搅拌法或静压注浆法实际操作中难以解决的问题,取得了好的技术指标和经济效益,具有推广价值。     

入户盗窃犯罪的时空分布热点及其机理研究——以A市CP区警情分析为例

采用核密度估计和Aoristic analysis等方法分析了2015年A市CP区入户盗窃警情的时空分布热点,并通过热点矩阵分类进一步对热点内的犯罪时空分布格局及其内在犯罪机理进行分析。结果显示：CP区共有3个犯罪热点区域和2个集中时段;3个热点区域分别为时间集中-空间聚集型、时间集中-空间分散型、时间集中-空间热点型;同时,影响入户盗窃犯罪的机理在于犯罪主体关联要素、犯罪客体关联要素、犯罪环境关联要素在时空上的密切耦合,共同影响入户盗窃犯罪活动的形成;提示在预防及控制犯罪“热点”中,需要采取更有针对性的防范措施和对策。     

Reservoir rainfall–runoff geomorphological model. I: application and parameter analysis

This article describes and formulates a model designed to simulate runoff in wet weather events, called reservoir rainfall–runoff geomorphological model (R³GeM). In these wetlands, soil saturation is the main mechanism for the generation of surface runoff. To determine the saturated areas, the model applies a relationship based on the topographic index, between watershed storage and saturated surface. Precipitation is separated into surface runoff by saturation, subsurface runoff and losses; then, the flow of surface and subsurface runoff is performed. This hydrological model has five parameters and has been implemented in 37 events in Aixola watershed and 15 in Oiartzun watershed, both located on the Cantabrian coast of Spain. We analysed the influence of these five parameters in their behaviour, and we have proven, noting the efficiency gains, that the proposed model is valid to simulate the rainfall–runoff process. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于LiDAR点云法向量稳健估计的室内平面图自动生成方法

提出一种基于Li DAR点云的室内平面图自动生成方法,旨在快速地以室内Li DAR点云数据为基础,实现点云法向量的稳估计,从而自动化提取墙面面片,进而完成室内平面图的构建。实验结果表明:该方法有效抑制室内Li DAR点云数据的噪声(如墙面重影),并能较好地生成室内的平面结构图。     

基于不确定性迭代优化的山地植被遥感制图

山地因其较高的异质性和特殊的环境特征给遥感科学及其应用带来了诸多问题和挑战。为实现山地植被信息的精准提取,本研究选择部分滇西北山地区域作为研究区开展方法实验,利用高分辨率遥感影像数据和数字高程模型,结合分区分层感知思想,提出一种基于不确定性理论的山地植被型组分类制图方法。首先结合地形对研究区影像进行多尺度分割制作图斑;然后根据图斑特征使用随机森林方法进行分类,将分类结果与对应类别样本间的相似性作为优化目标,并构建混合熵模型定量计算图斑推测类型的不确定性,据此进行针对性的样本补充和分类模型的迭代优化。实验总体分类精度达90.8%,较迭代前提升了29.4%,Kappa系数达到0.875。在高不确定性区域,该方法相比使用一次性补样和随机补样方法的分类结果,精度分别提高了17%和13%。研究结果表明,通过人机交互的方式,基于不确定性理论为样本库融入增量信息的迭代优化方法能够有效提高植被型组分类的精度,相较于传统的样本选择方法具有更高的效率和更低的不确定性。     

基于CEEMDAN和小波变换的地震信号随机噪声压制新方法

提出一种结合自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解（CEEMDAN）和小波变换（WT）的地震信号去噪新方法CEEMDAN-WT。首先利用CEEMDAN将地震信号自适应地分解为若干个固有模态函数（IMF）和余量;然后计算各分量与原始信号的皮尔森相关系数,对处在不同相关系数阈值区间内的分量分别作小波滤波、维持原状及直接剔除等处理,并进行线性重构;最后构建样本熵变化量、互信息、信噪比等指标体系,定量评估去噪效果。模拟实验与实测数据（青海玛多地震）计算结果表明,与EMD、EEMD等方法相比,CEEMDAN-WT方法能有效抑制随机噪声的影响,提高信噪比,并且地震信号的精细化重构效果较好,信号有效成分得到较大保留。     

Predicting contaminant fate and transport in sediment caps: Mathematical modelling approaches

Sediment capping is a remedial option for managing contaminated sediments that involves the artificial placement of a layer of material over a contaminated area. Sorbent materials such as activated C and coke can be used to amend sand caps to improve cap performance. In this study, analytical and numerical modelling approaches were compared for predicting contaminant fate and transport in sediment caps using several diffusion-controlled and advection-dominated contaminant transport scenarios. An analytical tool was used to predict cap performance at steady-state. These results were compared with the results from the numerical CoReTranS model in which the effective diffusivity and degradation rates were modelled as discontinuous functions at a prescribed bioturbation depth. The numerical approach was also applied to modelling a sorptive cap. It was shown that, while the analytical approach can be used to predict steady-state contaminant transport, the numerical approach is needed to evaluate multiple sediment layers with different transport and sorption characteristics and to examine the transient performance between the time that the single layer transient is applicable (i.e., before penetration of the cap containment layer) and until steady-state in the upper layer. For the 30 cm thick sand cap that was considered in this study, the predicted time to reach steady-state conditions for a diffusion-controlled scenario is 1 ka. For an advection-dominated transport, the time to reach steady-state conditions is reduced to 100 a. The activated C-amended sand cap was more effective in isolating the contaminant within the sorbent layer for a sustained period of time (∼100 a). Results from both modelling approaches showed that capping can effectively reduce contaminant flux to the overlying water with critical variables being cap thickness, groundwater velocity, and sediment sorptivity.     

Effect of water level fluctuations on wintering goose abundance in Poyang Lake wetlands of China

The Poyang Lake is a Ramsar site and is the important over-wintering site for migratory waterbirds along the East Asian–Australasian Fly way. Examining the effects of water level fluctuations on waterbird abundance and analyzing the influencing mechanism is critical to waterbird protection in the context of hydrological alteration. In this study, the effect of water level regime on wintering goose abundance was examined and the influencing mechanism was interpreted. Synchronous waterbirds survey data, hydrological data, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer-Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(MODIS-NDVI) data and habitat data derived from Landsat TM/ETM data and HJ/CCD data were combined. The satellite-derived Green Wave Index(GWI) based on MODIS-NDVI dataset was applied to detect changes in goose food resources. It was found that habitat size and vegetation conditions are key factors determining goose abundance. Geese numbers were positively correlated with habitat area, while intermediate range of vegetation productivity might benefit the goose abundance. Water level affects goose abundance by changing available habitat areas and vegetation conditions. We suggested that matching hydrological regime and exposed meadows time to wintering geese dynamics was crucial in the Poyang Lake wetlands. Our study could provide sound scientific information for hydrological management in the context of waterbird conservation.     

Spatial Strategy for Quality Labor in Rural Development - A Case Study of Jiangsu Province, China

This study examines the issue of high-quality labor in rural enterprises of China. It develops a spatial strategy which consists of two dimensions： geographical space and administrative space. Different combinations of these two dimensions form a variety of approaches such as local internalization, local externalization, regional/national internalization, and regional/national externalization. In the local internalization approach, rural enterprises hire such high-quality labor and ask them to work on site, while in the local externalization approach, rural enterprises seek help from employees working in other local enterprises. In the regional/national internalization approach, rural enterprises set up research and development centers in big cities to take advantages of the high-quality labor pool there. Finally in the regional/national externalization approach, rural enterprises hire people from big cities on temporary contracts. Three approaches, hiring retired technical workers, shuttling between the rural site and country seats, and setting up R＆D centers in big cities are demonstrated through cases in Zhangjiagang, a leading county-level city in the southern Jiangsu Province. It is argued that rural enterprises need to broaden their perspectives of administrative space and geographical space and think creatively to deal with the shortage of quality labor in rural settings.     

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