黄河下游游荡段排沙比对水沙条件与断面形态的响应

提高黄河下游游荡段的输沙能力是河道治理的主要任务,而河道输沙效率（排沙比）受到来水来沙条件和河床边界条件的共同影响。本文基于1971—2016年花园口—高村河段（简称花高段）的实测水沙及地形资料,计算了花高段的平均河相系数及水沙条件（来沙系数和水流冲刷强度）,从汛期和场次洪水2个时间尺度,定量分析了排沙比与水沙条件及前一年汛后主槽形态之间的响应关系。分析结果表明：① 汛期和场次洪水排沙比与来沙系数呈负相关,与水流冲刷强度呈正相关,临界的汛期不淤来沙系数为0.012 kg?s/m ⁶,场次洪水排沙比与来沙系数及水量比的决定系数为0.76;② 游荡段排沙比与河相系数呈负相关,当河相系数大于15 /m ^0.5时,河段排沙比基本小于1;③ 以来沙系数与河相系数为自变量的汛期排沙比计算式的决定系数为0.82,计算精度较高,对于场次洪水排沙比而言,断面形态的影响权重大于来沙系数。这些排沙比计算公式能够反映游荡段的输沙特点,有助于定量掌握断面形态及水沙条件对河道输沙能力的影响。     

海洋动力环境观测设备综合测试平台技术研究

随着海洋观测预报事业的不断发展,建立一套针对海洋观测仪器设备进行验证、测试、评估的入网认证体系越发重要。构建海洋观测仪器综合测试平台对推进海洋观测仪器标准化工作有着极大的帮助,是对海洋观测仪器设备标准化检验的有益探索。通过该平台可对海洋观测网中的设备进行入网前的检验与业务考核,提升入网设备的可靠性指标并对提升海洋观测网的整体鲁棒性具有积极意义。     

Changes of GPR spectra due to the presence of hydrocarbon contamination in the ground

The location of hydrocarbon contamination in the ground using the GPR method is based mainly on information taken from reflected signals. In the cases investigated in Polish contaminated sites, such signals were very seldom recorded. A long time after spillage, contamination takes the form of plumes with different size and distribution, which depends on geological and hydraulic properties of the ground. In this paper, it is shown that the set of hydrocarbon plumes should be described with a stochastic model, and such plumes may generate the scattered waves which cause changes in the power spectra. It has been observed that the power spectra of GPR signals over contaminated areas are quite different from such spectra over clear ones. These differences were discussed in this paper on the basis of theoretical analysis, numerical modelling and the results of GPR terrain surveys.     

地热与热液型铀矿成因联系：研究现状及解决方法

地热能作为一种清洁可再生能源已被广泛应用于发电、供暖等领域,放射性产热是地球内热的主要来源。目前,关于放射性产热的研究主要集中于高放射性花岗岩在干热岩资源探测和潜力评价中的应用,而同样作为放射性产热源的热液型铀矿与地热研究不足,二者的成因联系尚缺乏深入研究。为加强对地热与热液型铀矿成因联系的研究,本文收集和整理了国内外大量文献和相关资料,分析了目前的研究进展及存在的问题,创新性地提出了解决二者成因联系的研究方法。可望丰富地热地质理论,为地热与热液型铀矿床的成因联系提供新方法和新参考,同时,为深部地热、干热岩和固体矿产综合找矿,即“热矿共采”提供一定的理论依据。     

Assortment of Deep Mantle Fluids and Their Products in Kimberlites from China

Based on studies of petrography, mineralogy and mineral chemistry, deep mantle fluids and their products in kimberlites and diamonds can be assorted into the ultradeep fluid-transmitted minerals with an oxygen-free feature, the deep fluid metasomatized-minerals characterized by enrichment in TiO2, K2O, BaO, REE and Fe3+, and the deep fluid-reformed minerals. The three types show a successive descent in fluid origin depth and metasomatism strength, and they have brought forth a series of corresponding metasomatic products.     

滇藏铁路香格里拉—邦达段地应力状态及工程效应分析

滇藏铁路香格里拉—邦达段沿线断层发育,构造运动强烈,为提高沿线工程的稳定性,基于构造形迹、震源机制解和实测数据的多元综合分析法,对研究区主应力方向进行了分析;基于Hoek-Brown强度准则和修正的Sheorey理论,结合实测数据,对研究区岩体强度参数和主应力量值进行了估算和预测,最后对研究区的地应力场特征及其工程效应进行了分析。结果表明:香格里拉-德钦应力区的水平最大主应力方向N0°W~N40°W;芒康-邦达应力区的水平最大主应力方向为N60°E~N80°E;铁路沿线埋深1000 m处,水平最大主应力范围为24.23~37.30 MPa;埋深2000 m处,水平最大主应力范围为47.29~66.69 MPa;香格里拉-德钦应力区隧道轴线设置为N80°W~N40°E有利于围岩稳定,芒康-邦达应力区隧道轴线走向设置为N10°E~N130°E有利于围岩稳定;铁路沿线高地应力显著,埋深超过400 m就可能处于高地应力状态,硬质岩埋深超过700 m会有岩爆风险,软质岩埋深超过1400 m会有大变形风险。     

Coupling of solid deformation and pore pressure for undrained deformation—a discrete element method approach

This paper presents a numerical scheme for fluid‐particle coupling that uses the discrete element method by taking into consideration solid deformation and pore pressure generation. A new water particle element is introduced to calculate pore water pressure due to porosity changes. The water particle element has the same size and shape as the solid element and experiences the same amount of deformation. On the basis of the effective stress principle at the element contact, the total force is equal to the sum of the force transmitted through the solid element contact and the water particle force due to pore water pressure. Analytical solutions of traditional soil mechanics problems, such as isotropic compression and consolidated triaxial undrained test, are used to quantitatively validate the proposed model. The numerical results show good agreement between the model and the analytical solutions. The model therefore provides an effective method to calculate pore pressure in a porous medium in discrete modeling.     

Advantages and limitations of an α-plasticity model for sand

Acta Geotechnica - The stress–strain response of sand was observed to depend on its material state, i.e., pressure and density. Successful modelling of such state-dependent response of sand...     

基于NetCDF的国产新型气象雷达基数据通用编码试验

为归一化处理国产新型气象雷达数据存储格式,提高雷达数据共享与交换效率,兼容不同厂家不同型号雷达多样性数据格式的同时保留其内在的差异。基于NetCDF编码原理设计雷达基数据NetCDF存储模型,在Visual C++开发平台支持下,开展国产新型气象雷达格式编码和解码的试验。结果表明:1NetCDF编码方式可作为国产新型气象雷达基数据通用编码方式,在合理地利用不同厂家不同型号雷达数据格式内在差异的同时进行统一编码,有利于进行雷达数据的交换。2NetCDF格式编码雷达基数据,继承以雷达径向信息为基本结构的存放形式,面向存储单元本身(数组),通过编码维数、变量、属性和数据4个子域,构成自描述式的NC文件,用户可借助库函数实现"自动"解码。3NetCDF格式编码前后的雷达数据文件大小差异较小,差异幅度与原始数据文件大小无关。     

中国数字地震台站的雷电防护

本文首先阐述了目前部分中国数字化地震台站(CDSN)的雷害情况。叙述雷电的形成及效应、雷害的主要形式,以及在数字化地震台站实施雷电防护的一些具体建议。指出:在数字地震台站一般不宜采用安装避雷针的方法避雷,比较好的避雷途径是装好地线和室内安装不同形式的避雷器。