Validation and use of rainfall radar data to simulate water flows in the Rio Escondido basin

This paper presents a combined validation method of radar-sensed rainfall, using rain gauge data and hydrologic closure, with an application to the Rio Escondido basin (North-East of Mexico). The space–time scaling behavior of rainfall between rain gauge and radar scales is compared with the intrinsic variability of rainfall, for a statistical validation of space–time variability. For hydrological validation purposes, the CEQUEAU model is used to perform rainfall-runoff routing. It provides a basin-wide water balance, to be compared with the measured water flow at the Villa de Fuentes hydrometric station, for mean-value gauging closure. A good qualitative agreement in terms of hydrograph shape and timing is obtained between the simulated and the observed water flows, and a multiplicative correction factor of an initially proposed Z–R relationship is adopted for the watershed under study, which agrees approximately with other authors’ findings about that relationship. The results are considered particularly useful as a validation-and-correction methodology of radar rainfall estimates for areas sparsely covered by rain gauges.     

CCD引张线仪在亭子口水利枢纽工程中的应用

介绍CCD引张线仪的测量原理、安装要求、监测成果等。在亭子口水利枢纽工程中的实测结果验证了仪器设备运行稳定,可靠性高,无漂移。     

长江口崇明东滩不同植被带沉积速率研究

利用2007年丰水期、枯水期在崇明东滩芦苇带、藨草带和光滩采集的6根沉积物柱状样,研究了沉积物的粒度特征和过剩的210Pb和228Th及7Be活度的垂向分布特征,探讨了由陆地向海洋不同植被间的沉积物粒度变化规律。依据恒定比活度沉积速率模型,估算了不同时间尺度的崇明东滩芦苇带、藨草带和光滩的表观沉积速率。结果表明:3种核素示踪的崇明东滩的表观沉积速率都随潮滩植被的不同从陆到海方向逐渐降低,同时依过剩的210Pb和228Th,7Be的次序而增大。由过剩的210Pb和228Th计算的夏季沉积速率比冬季的稍高,而由7Be计算的夏季表观沉积速率则明显高于冬季的。结合沉积物粒度的时空分布和这些核素的大气通量,对利用这些核素测定潮滩沉积速率的影响因素进行了探讨。     

新一代中国数字地震台网观测数据的安全备份

本文阐述了新一代中国数字地震台网(NCDSN)产出的地震观测数据如何在中国数字地震台网数据管理中心(CDSN DMC)进行光盘数据的安全备份。对数字地震观测数据的重要性和地震数据备份存储的特殊性;刻录盘的选择,备份数据的容量、速度的选取以及刻录盘的标识、存储等方面进行了论述。     

Uptake and biological effects of synthetic glucocorticoids in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Uptake and biological effects of synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) were analyzed using common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish were exposed to clobetasol propionate (CP) or clobetasone butyrate (CB) individually or in mixture at 1 μg L⁻¹ for 21 days. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) of CB was calculated as 100, and BCF of CP was less than 16. No effects were found in fish erythrocyte and leukocyte numbers and serum glucose levels after exposure to the selected GCs. On the other hand, serum concentrations of free amino acids significantly increased in GC-exposed groups. Thus, exposures to synthetic GCs at relatively low concentrations seemed to cause enhancement of protein degradation and subsequent increase of serum free amino acids without a corresponding increase in serum glucose levels, an effect which might be related to partial induction of gluconeogenesis by GC.     

“2002.3”华北地区强沙尘暴天气的螺旋度分析

利用MM5非静力中尺度模式和螺旋度计算结果,对2002年3月18-22日华北地区发生的一次强沙尘暴过程进行了分析研究,重点分析了北京及周边地区水平与垂直方向螺旋度和完全螺旋度的结构变化及演变特征,结果表明：螺旋度的演变与强沙尘暴天气的发生、发展有较好的对应关系,将中尺度模式和螺旋度计算结合起来可以有效提高沙尘暴天气的预报准确度。     

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床中新世埃达克岩特征

埃达克岩与Gu、Au等金属元素的富集关系密切,并对深部造山构造作用具有重要的指示意义。受到碰撞造山作用,在西藏地区发育了一条成矿潜力巨大的斑岩铜矿带,甲玛铜多金属矿床就位于该铜矿带的东段。对甲玛矿床中酸性侵入岩进行地球化学测试分析,结果显示:SiO_2(≥56%)、高Al_2O_3(≥15%)、低MgO(3%),Na_2O含量大于2.3%,K_2O含量大于2.1%,K_2O/Na_2O为0.6~1.2;稀土元素和微量元素结果显示高Sr(400×10~(-6)),低Yb(1.9×10-6)、低Y(15×10~(-6)),LREE富集,HREE亏损,无负Eu异常,具有埃达克岩地球化学特征,属于C型埃达克岩,为加厚下地壳或上地幔物质部分熔融所形成。     

Seasonal Dynamics in Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentrations in a Coastal Water-Table Aquifer at the Forest-Marsh Interface

The seasonal dynamics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in a subterranean estuary were examined in a coastal water-table aquifer extending across a forest-marsh interface into an adjacent tidal creek that leads to North Inlet (SC). The aquifer is characterized by groundwater flow from the forest recharge area towards the creek. DOC concentrations range from 50 to 140 mg L^-1 in the shallow portions of the aquifer below the forest and undergo seasonal changes that are inversely related to temperature and precipitation conditions. Markedly lower DOC concentrations (<10 mg L^-1) in the deep portion of the aquifer are consistent with the loss of a large fraction of the original DOC along the groundwater flow paths. Mass balance estimates indicate that over 60% of the DOC losses are due to sorption reactions whereas the rest appear to be caused by heterotrophic decay. Groundwater DOC discharge from the forest, which occurs in a restricted zone of the high marsh, is 5.5 mg carbon m^-2 d^-1 and accounts for a minor component of the annual carbon export from North Inlet. In contrast, moderately saline (2–12 ppt) ground waters below the marsh display elevated DOC concentrations (20 mg L^-1) that appear to be the result of mixing of fresh ground waters and surface seawater during tidal seepage and concentration during evapotranspiration. The flux of DOC associated with the discharge of these saline ground waters is 600 mg carbon m^-2 d^-1, which represents a significant fraction of the annual DOC budget for North Inlet.     

Stability of the Triangular Libration Points in the Unrestricted Planar Problem of a Symmetric Rigid Body and a Point Mass

In papers (Godziewski and Maciejewski, 1998a, b, 1999), we investigate unrestricted, planar problem of a dynamically symmetric rigid body and a sphere. Following the original statement of the problem by Kokoriev and Kirpichnikov (1988), we assume that the potential of the rigid body is approximated by the gravitational field of a dumb-bell. The model is described in terms of a 2D Hamiltonian depending on three parameters.In this paper, we investigate the stability of triangular equilibria permissible by the dynamics of the model, under the assumption of low-order resonances. We analyze all resonances of order smaller than four, and we examine the stability with application of theorems by Markeev and Sokolsky. These are the possible following cases: the non-diagonal resonance of the first order with two null characteristic frequencies (unstable); resonances of the first order with one nonzero frequency (diagonal and non-diagonal, stable and unstable); the second-order resonance, which is non-diagonal and stable, and the third-order resonance which is generically unstable, except for three points in the parameters' space, corresponding to stable equilibria.We discuss a perturbed version of Kokoriev and Kirpichnikov model, and we find that if the perturbation is small and depends on the coordinates only, the triangular equilibria persist, except if for the unperturbed equilibria the first-order resonance occurs. We show that the resonances of the order higher than two are also preserved if the perturbation acts.     

Synchroneity between marine and terrestrial responses to millennial scale climatic variability during the last glacial period in the Mediterranean region

Land-sea climatic proxies have been obtained from the Last Glacial section of IMAGES core MD95-2043 (western Mediterranean Sea). Vegetation and alkenone derived SST curves indicate rapid (~150 years) and synchronous terrestrial and marine climatic changes, paralleling the Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) climatic variability over Greenland. This frequency of climate change can be related to shifts between the two modes of operation of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Transfer functions applied to the pollen data indicate that there was an amplification of the climatic signal during Heinrich events (HEs) in comparison with other D-O stadials. The development and persistence of both Scandinavian and Atlantic Mobile Polar Highs over southwestern Europe may explain the extreme cooling (~10 °C) and dryness (400 mm) during Heinrich events 5 and 4 in the Mediterranean region. Comparison of the results of core MD95-2043 with similar climatic data from IMAGES core MD95-2042, located off Portugal, indicates that thermal and precipitation gradients occurred between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic sides of Iberia within HEs. HEs 4 and 5 are associated with more humid conditions in the Atlantic (by 200 mm) than in the Mediterranean site, as is the case at the present time. This comparison also illustrates the different behaviour of these areas during the D-O stadials. In contrast with the Mediterranean site, the Atlantic site shows similar precipitation and temperature drops for all the D-O stadials, including those related to the HEs. Here we propose the operation of different Mobile Polar Highs (MPH) as the driving mechanism for this difference in behaviour between the Atlantic and Mediterranean sides of Iberia. HEs are related to a stronger influence of the Scandinavian MPH, forcing a severe aridification and cooling of the full Iberian Peninsula. The Atlantic MPH may have been dominant during the other stadials, which would preferentially affect Southwestern Iberia.