地幔流体及其成矿作用

地幔流体及其成矿作用的研究是当前地学界倍受关注的前沿课题。地幔流体是一种以CO2和H2 O为主、同时含有一定量的溶质成分、相对富集大离子等不相容元素的超临界流体 ,具有独特的溶解和输运能力 ,主要来源于俯冲板块的脱水、脱气作用和地核及地幔脱气作用。地幔流体在许多大型—超大型金属、非金属、油气矿床和矿集区形成过程中具有重要意义。地幔流体成矿作用主要表现为本身成矿、提供成矿物质、成矿流体和成矿热动力。地质构造背景、岩浆活动、矿床地质、矿床地球化学等方面的研究均可提供地幔流体成矿作用的证据。地幔流体成矿作用的主要特征是矿床具有深大断裂构造背景、伴随幔源岩浆活动、成矿物质和成矿流体具有幔源性、往往形成大型—超大型矿床和矿集区     

四川拉拉铜矿床成因研究

四川拉拉铜矿产于古元古宇河口群落凼组 ,成矿围岩为一套细碧角斑质火山岩及以硅质岩、条带状钠长岩和萤石化黑云母岩为主的喷气岩 ,矿体呈似层状、透镜状。矿石呈条带状、浸染状 ,部分呈角砾状 .。矿石矿物呈他形粒状以填隙方式产出 ,并见交代溶蚀结构和黄铁矿的胶状结构。矿石矿物主要为黄铜矿、黄铁矿及少量斑铜矿、辉钼矿。黄铁矿的常量元素、Co/Ni、S/Se均显示火山喷流 -沉积矿床的特征。铅同位素及硫同位素资料表明 ,铜铁等金属物质主要来源于围岩 ,而硫以深源为主 ,并有海水硫酸盐参与。矿床属火山喷流-沉积型硫化物矿床。     

安徽巢湖凤凰山石炭系黄龙组红色灰岩矿物地球化学特征

安徽巢湖凤凰山晚石炭世黄龙组的地层主体为肉红色生物屑微晶灰岩,顶部为夹灰岩条带的泥岩。矿物学分析显 示,肉红色生物屑微晶灰岩的矿物主要为方解石,含少量针铁矿和赤铁矿。漫反射光谱分析表明,常用的古气候指标“红 度”与灰岩中铁氧化物、氢氧化物的光谱强度具显著的正相关性,而与岩石的全铁含量相关性较低,据此推测铁的氧化物 和氢氧化物是灰岩呈肉红色的重要原因。元素地球化学分析结果显示,黄龙组灰岩相对富Fe,Mn,而贫Co,Ni,在 Al-Fe-Mn,Fe-Mn-(Cu+Co+Ni)以及Cu-Pb-Zn三角判别图上,均靠近或落入热液成因区。综合地球化学特征与前人研究成 果,该文认为巢湖凤凰山黄龙组肉红色灰岩的形成很可能受到海底热液活动的影响。     

镍钴锰三元合金镀层应用于电镀金刚石钻头的初步研究

提出了一种能很好适应电镀金刚石钻头要求的新型胎体材料即镍钴锰三元合金镀层，给出了新镀层的电镀液配方，对比测量了镍钴锰镀层与目前广为采用的镍钴和镍锰镀层的硬度与韧性，结果指出，镍钴锰三元合金镀层具有比镍钴或镍锰镀层更高的综合机械性能和低得多的钴含量，更适合于制造电镀金刚石钻头，在适当条件下，镍钴锰胎体钻头可以分别更好地适应于镍钴和镍锰胎体钻头的应用领域。     

黑龙江多宝山花岗闪长岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

采用锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年方法对多宝山花岗闪长岩进行定年,结果为479.5±4.6 Ma,据多宝山、铜山铜(钼)矿床中辉钼矿的Re-Os同位素等时线年龄(506±14 Ma),结合区域地质资料,认为多宝山花岗闪长岩侵位年龄为前奥陶纪,被多宝山花岗闪长岩岩体侵位的矿区地层时代、多宝山铜矿成矿主期、与成矿有关的多宝山北西向控矿、容矿构造应属于前奥陶纪,且多宝山花岗闪长岩形成于火山岛弧或活动的陆缘构造环境,岩浆来源以幔源物质为主,同熔了部份壳源物质.     

Surface Temperature Changes Projected by FGOALS Models under Low Warming Scenarios in CMIP5 and CMIP6

To meet the low warming targets proposed in the 2015 Paris Agreement,substantial reduction in carbon emissions is needed in the future.It is important to know how surface climates respond under low warming targets.The present study investigates the surface temperature changes under the low-forcing scenario of Representative Concentration Pathways(RCP2.6)and its updated version(Shared Socioeconomic Pathways,SSP1-2.6)by the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System(FGOALS)models participating in phases 5 and 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP5 and CMIP6,respectively).In both scenarios,radiative forcing(RF)first increases to a peak of 3 W m^?2 around 2045 and then decreases to 2.6 W m^?2 by 2100.Global mean surface air temperature rises in all FGOALS models when RF increases(RF increasing stage)and declines or holds nearly constant when RF decreases(RF decreasing stage).The surface temperature change is distinct in its sign and magnitude between the RF increasing and decreasing stages over the land,Arctic,North Atlantic subpolar region,and Southern Ocean.Besides,the regional surface temperature change pattern displays pronounced model-to-model spread during both the RF increasing and decreasing stages,mainly due to large intermodel differences in climatological surface temperature,ice-albedo feedback,natural variability,and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation change.The pattern of tropical precipitation change is generally anchored by the spatial variations of relative surface temperature change(deviations from the tropical mean value)in the FGOALS models.Moreover,the projected changes in the updated FGOALS models are closer to the multi-model ensemble mean results than their predecessors,suggesting that there are noticeable improvements in the future projections of FGOALS models from CMIP5 to CMIP6.     

Seasonal differences in catches of leptocephali in the East China Sea and Suruga Bay, Japan

The species composition, distribution, and size of eel larvae, or leptocephali, caught near the continental shelf in subtropical and temperate regions of East Asia were compared between two seasons (May–Jun and Oct–Dec) to learn about the seasonality of reproduction of marine eels. There was greater species richness and evidence of spawning by more species of marine eels during the late autumn surveys in both the East China Sea (ECS) and in Suruga Bay along the east coast of Japan. Small leptocephali <10 mm TL and a wide range of sizes of various taxa were collected during both seasons along the outer edge of the continental shelf in the ECS, indicating that some marine eels may spawn there all year. The lack of small leptocephali during the spring survey in Suruga Bay suggested that most eels have a clear seasonal cycle of summer or autumn spawning at the higher latitudes of coastal Japan where there is much greater fluctuation of water temperature throughout the year than in the ECS. At lower latitudes such as in the ECS, and in tropical areas where water temperatures are higher and more constant, some marine eels may spawn all year round.     

A four‐node plane parametric element based on quadrilateral area coordinate and its application to coupled solid‐deformation/fluid‐flow simulation for porous geomaterials

A four‐node plane parametric element AQGβ6‐I is constructed on the basis of the quadrilateral area coordinate, the generalized conforming principle and the projection technique with a penalty factor β within an interval of 0–1. When β = 0, the element has excellent bending performance. When β = 1, the element can pass patch test strictly; its performance is as good as many famous elements. When β value is between 0 and 1, such as β = 0.5, the element can arrive at a compromise between (relatively) low sensitivity to mesh distortion and perfect convergence. The work provides an illuminating method to alleviate a difficult problem in finite element modelling using the four‐node quadrilateral element, which can pass the strict patch test, but has poor performance in bending dominated problem; on the contrary, it has excellent performance in bending dominated problem but cannot pass the strong patch test. The AQGβ6‐I with the convergence formulation (β = 1) is then applied to coupled solid‐deformation/fluid‐flow simulation for porous geomaterials. The computational examples are carried out to demonstrate that the AQGβ6‐I (β = 1) element is not only stable, reliable and efficient but also of high accuracy. The present study provides a good applicable element for finite element simulations of solid‐deformation/fluid‐flow for porous geomaterials. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evidence from the Rb‐Sr system for 4.4 Ga alteration of chondrules in the Allende (CV3) parent body

Abstract— The timing and processes of alteration in the CV parent body are investigated by the analysis of Sr isotopes, major and trace elements, and petrographic type and distribution of the secondary minerals (nepheline and sodalite) in 22 chondrules from the Allende (CV3) chondrite. The Sr isotopic compositions of the chondrules are scattered around the 4.0 Ga reference line on the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr evolution diagram, indicating that the chondrules have been affected by late thermal alteration event(s) in the parent body. The degree of alteration, determined for individual chondrules based on the distribution of nepheline and sodalite, is unrelated to the disturbance of the Rb‐Sr system, suggesting that the alteration process that produced nepheline and sodalite is different from the thermal process that disturbed the Rb‐Sr system of the chondrules. Considering the geochemical behavior of Rb and Sr, the main host phase of Sr in chondrules is likely to be mesostasis, which could be most susceptible to late thermal alteration. As there is a poor connection between the alteration degree determined from abundances of nepheline and sodalite and the disturbance of Rb‐Sr isotopic system, we consider the mesostasis to provide a constraint on the late parent body alteration process. From this point of view, 23 mesostasis‐rich chondrules, including those from literature data, were selected. The selected chondrules are closely correlated on the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr evolution diagram, with an inferred age of 4.36 ± 0.08 Ga. This correlation would represent an age of the final major Sr isotopic redistribution of the chondrules in the parent body.     

新疆库马苏-小土尔根一带化探异常特征及找矿前景

诺尔特地区下石炭统红山嘴组火山岩为Pb、Zn、Ag、Au矿源层,燕山期岩浆活动对矿源层中的成矿元素进一步富集,并在构造有利部位成矿。该区1∶20万、1∶5万水系沉积物测量和l∶2.5万土壤化探测量资料显示,区内下石炭统中-酸性火山岩出露区以P b、Zn、Ag、Au元素组合为特色的化探综合异常带具有规模大,强度高,浓集中心明显的特点,在异常周边已先后发现了多个铅锌、金、多金属矿床、矿点和矿化点,显示了库马苏-小土尔根地区具有非常好的找矿前景。