人工岛建设对海口湾沉积特征与泥沙运移的影响

近年来,人工岛被广泛应用于沿海地区的填海造陆工程以快速获得优质土地,但大面积的人工岛建设会对近岸海底沉积物的分布模式及输运过程产生重要影响.为认识人工岛建设后沉积物变化与运移特征,本文以南海明珠人工岛对海口湾的影响为例,根据人工岛建设前后分别在海口湾近岸采集的底质表层沉积物分析了沉积物特征变化,结合沉积动力分析及粒径趋...     

变参数赤潮藻类生长模型的非线性动力分析研究

在对一个营养盐和赤潮藻类摄食模型进行非线性分析的基础上,提出了含有变参数的赤潮藻类生长模型。模型中用一个周期阶跃函数来近似模拟了藻类生长率参数,并对此模型做了数值模拟。结果表明,引入变参数后的模型更能体现藻类生长的季节性特点,和实际情况符合更好。     

Geochemical and Geological Characterization of Marine-Continental Transitional Shale: A Case Study in the Ordos Basin, NW China

The organic-rich shale of the Shanxi and Taiyuan Formation of the Lower Permian deposited in a marine-continental transitional environment are well developed in the Ordos Basin, NW China, which is considered to contain a large amount of shale hydrocarbon resources. This study takes the Lower Permian Shanxi and Taiyuan shale collected from well SL# in the Ordos Basin, NW China as an example to characterize the transitional shale reservoir. Based on organic geochemistry data, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) observations, the desorbed gas contents of this transitional shale were systematically studied and the shale gas potential was investigated. The results indicate that the Lower Permian Shanxi and Taiyuan shale has a relatively high total organic carbon (TOC) (average TOC of 4.9%) and contains type III kerogen with a high mature to over mature status. XRD analyses show that an important characteristic of the shale is that clay and brittle minerals of detrital origin comprise the major mineral composition of the marine-continental transitional shale samples, while the percentages of carbonate minerals, pyrite and siderite are relatively small. FE-SEM observations reveal that the mineral matrix pores are the most abundant in the Lower Permian shale samples, while organic matter (OM) pores are rarely developed. Experimental analysis suggests that the mineral compositions mainly govern the macropore development in the marine-continental transitional shale, and mineral matrix pores and microfractures are considered to provide space for gas storage and migration. In addition, the desorption experiments demonstrated that the marine-continental transitional shale in the Ordos Basin has a significantly potential for shale gas exploration, ranging from 0.53 to 2.86 m3/t with an average value of 1.25m3/t, which is in close proximity to those of terrestrial shale (1.29 m3/t) and marine shale (1.28 m3/t). In summary, these results demonstrated that the Lower Permian marine-continental transitional shale in the Ordos Basin has a significantly potential for shale gas exploration.     

针铁矿-四方纤铁矿-水体系氧同位素分馏的实验研究

针铁矿是非常重要的三价铁氧化物之一,其氧同位素组成对于古环境再造具有很大的价值。以4种不同的铁化合物作为Fe3+离子的源物质,于30～120℃范围内,采用强迫水解方法,在不同同位素组成的水中分别实验合成针铁矿和四方纤铁矿。结果表明,以Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、NH4Fe(SO4)2·12H2O、Fe(SO4)3·7H2O为Fe3+源物质合成的是纯针铁矿,而以FeCl3·6H2O为Fe3+源物质合成的是四方纤铁矿。氧同位素分析显示,在30～120℃范围内实验测定的针铁矿-水体系和四方纤铁矿-水体系氧同位素分馏几乎不可区分,并且满足下列分馏关系:103lnα针铁矿-水=9.59×103/T-26.39103lnα四方纤铁矿-水=8.85×103/T-24.44实验测定的针铁矿-水体系氧同位素分馏不仅与前人实验结果一致,而且与增量方法理论计算相近。由于实验采用不同反应途径得到了一致的分馏结果,因此所测定的针铁矿-水体系氧同位素分馏代表了热力学平衡。     

碳酸钙-水体系氧同位素分馏系数的低温实验研究

碳酸钙是古气候和沉积岩稳定同位素地球化学研究中最常用的矿物 ,因此对碳酸钙水体系氧同位素分馏系数的实验校准已成为稳定同位素地球化学诞生以来的热点和前沿课题。但由于碳酸钙在自然界存在 3种同质多象变体 (方解石、文石和六方方解石 ) ,使人们对碳酸钙矿物与水之间氧同位素分馏系数的实验测定结果存在较大差别 ,当应用到同位素地质测温时 ,会给出显著不同的温度值。正确选用合理的方解石水或文石水体系分馏曲线 ,对低温和环境地球化学研究和应用具有重要价值。文章系统总结和评述了碳酸钙水体系氧同位素分馏系数实验校准的历史、方法和结果 ,对前人在表达方式上的不一致进行了统一 ,对氧同位素分馏的盐效应、动力氧同位素分馏效应和同质多象转变过程中的氧同位素继承性进行了讨论。通过对前人大量实验数据的系统处理并与理论计算相比较 ,推荐了热力学上平衡的方解石水体系氧同位素分馏方程 ,而对于文石水体系 ,理论计算结果尚有待于实验证实。     

青海省多彩地玛地区铅多金属矿地质特征及找矿标志

青海省多彩地玛地区位于"三江"北段著名的有色金属及贵金属成矿带,近年来的地质矿产研究与预测取得了显著的成果。文章通过大量的野外地质调查,结合前人的研究成果,对多彩地玛铅锌、铜多金属矿床产出地质特征及找矿方向进行了总结,系统阐述了多彩地玛矿区的岩石、构造地质特征和矿体特征,分析了铅多金属矿成矿条件、矿化成因和找矿标志,为区内进一步找矿工作提供了思路。     

淮北市北区地表水体及采空塌陷遥感调查

利用淮北最新的彩红外航片，圈定本区地表水体，统计了其面积；分析了煤矿采空塌陷形成机制，建立了采空塌陷的遥感解译标志，以此圈定了煤矿采空塌陷区的分布范围，并对塌陷区内的土地综合利用情况进行了调查和评述     

40a来江河源区的气候变化特征及其生态环境效应

通过江河源区分布的5个气象台站有关气温与降水的多年数据，分析了近40a来江河源区的气候变化特征，结果表明，近40a来江河源区气候变化的总趋势是气温升高，降水量增加，但降水量的增加主要体现在春季降水和近15a来冬季降水的明显增加上，对植被生长起重要作用的夏季降水量却呈明显减少趋势；江河源区20世纪80年代10a平均气温比50年代高0.12～0.9℃，大部分地区高于0.3℃，属于青藏高原高温区或升温幅度最大的地区之一，平均升温0.44℃，明显比全国平均升温0.2℃要高出一倍，在这种背景下，与植被生长关系密切的4、5月和9月气温呈现持续下降态势，江河源区脆弱的生态环境体系对气候的这种变化响应强烈，冰川退缩，多年冻土消融加剧，导致大范围高寒草甸与草原被植退化。     

生态水文科学研究的现状与展望

生态水文科学研究是区域生态系统研究和区域水文科学研究的交叉领域 ,其核心内容是揭示不同环境条件下植物与水的相互关系机理 ,探索各种植被的生态水文作用过程。近年来 ,生态与水文相互作用过程的数学模拟和专门模型研制日益成为重要的发展领域 ,同时 ,生态水文学的研究十分注重尺度效应 ,把在一定尺度上获得的水文与生态原理或模型向其它不同尺度转换已成为最具挑战性的问题。山地生态系统成为全球变化研究最为重要的研究场所 ,开展与全球变化相关的生态系统物质与能量循环、生态过程的梯度效应及其与水文过程的耦合关系、生态系统结构与功能及其变化等方面的研究 ,是生态水文学研究最具活力的方向 ,其中建立包含区域气候变化因素的多元生态过程动态模拟模型 ,并使该模型具有不同时空尺度、不同地貌和生态带的广泛适应性是目前广泛关注的热点问题。     

Different Configurations of Interannual Variability of the Western North Pacific Subtropical High and East Asian Westerly Jet in Summer

This study investigates the circulation and precipitation anomalies associated with different configurations of the western North Pacific subtropical high(WNPSH) and the East Asian westerly jet(EAJ) in summer on interannual timescales. The in-phase configuration of the WNPSH and EAJ is characterized by the westward(eastward) extension of the WNPSH and the southward(northward) shift of the EAJ, which is consistent with the general correspondence between their variations. The out-of-phase configuration includes the residual cases. We find that the in-phase configuration manifests itself as a typical meridional teleconnection. For instance, there is an anticyclonic(cyclonic) anomaly over the tropical western North Pacific and a cyclonic(anticyclonic) anomaly over the mid-latitudes of East Asia in the lower troposphere. These circulation anomalies are more conducive to rainfall anomalies over the Yangtze River basin and south Japan than are the individual WNPSH or EAJ. By contrast, for the out-of-phase configuration, the mid-latitude cyclonic(anticyclonic) anomaly is absent, and the lower-tropospheric circulation anomalies feature an anticyclonic(cyclonic)anomaly with a large meridional extension. Correspondingly, significant rainfall anomalies move northward to North China and the northern Korean Peninsula. Further results indicate that the out-of-phase configuration is associated with the developing phase of ENSO, with strong and significant sea surface temperature(SST) anomalies in the tropical central and eastern Pacific which occur simultaneously during summer and persist into the following winter. This is sharply different from the in-phase configuration, for which the tropical SSTs are not a necessity.