川南及邻区下志留统龙马溪组下段沉积相与页岩气地质条件的关系*

在川南及邻区下志留统龙马溪组下段沉积相详细研究的基础上,结合偏光显微镜、X衍射及元素地球化学分析等,提出沉积相对页岩气地质条件的影响特征。研究发现:川南及邻区龙马溪组下段主要发育潮坪相和浅海陆棚相。局限滞留的缺氧还原环境、快速海侵形成的分层水体、适宜的沉积速率及较高的生物产率,造成了龙马溪组下段有机质富集,并以硅质型页岩为主,利于页岩气的富集与开发。隆起边缘的潮坪相沉积,为页岩气的非有利区;沉积中心的深水陆棚沉积区,主要发育碳质硅质页岩、碳质页岩与含粉砂含钙碳质页岩,为页岩气的有利区;砂泥质浅水陆棚含有较高的有机质,应为页岩气发育的次级有利区;灰泥质浅水陆棚主要发育“钙质页岩+含碳泥质灰岩”,有机质含量相对较低,为页岩气的较不利发育区。     

黄骅坳陷孔南地区新生代断裂特征及其与油气关系

黄骅坳陷孔南地区新生代盆地演化经历了断陷期、断坳期及坳陷期。盆地内部发育复杂断裂系统,根据断层活动特征可以分为沧东伸展断裂系统与徐西右旋走滑断裂系统。沧东断层剖面上具有铲式正断层特征,向深部滑脱,控制了孔南地区的构造变形;徐西断层可以看作是其上盘上的次级断层。在孔店组沉积期,沧东断层与徐西断层均表现出伸展正断层的特征,控制了其上盘孔店组沉积。在沙河街组三段沉积期,受基底断层右旋走滑影响,徐西断层及其上盘分支断层表现出右旋走滑特征。在伸展与走滑的共同作用下,在孔南地区中北部聚集了丰富的油气。     

长石矿物的三维热释光谱图研究

通过最新研制的三维热释光光谱测量仪器，对长石热释光光谱的分析，,可以寻找其各个波段热释光信号的响应灵敏度差异。测试结果表明，长石矿物不同波长段的热释光量随辐照剂量的增加，呈现不同的增长特性；同时，长石热释光谱图显示出热释光信号光谱的红光／红外光波段的能量释放比相应蓝／紫光波段的能量的释放，提前大约10℃产生，但是各自能量释放的峰值几乎发生在同一温度处。样品发出的热释光中红光部分的峰峰值与紫光部分的峰峰值相比较，有明显的差别，三维谱图显示出该样品分布在从绿光波段直到红光／远红外光波段（500－850nm）的热释光量，明显比分布在紫光波段附近的相应热释光量要大的多。     

广义Radon变换的正交展开和反演

本文具体给出了广义Ｒａｄｏｎ变换在函数空间Ｌ＾２（Ｒ＾ｎ,Ｗｎ）上的正交函数展开形式,由此得到了广义Ｒａｄｏｎ变换的反演公式,从而推广了Ｌｏｕｉｓ和Ｄａｖｉｓｏｎ的工作。     

北京市北运河沉积物对氮、磷的吸附/解吸动力学特征

选取北运河土沟、榆林庄及和合站3个典型河道断面,进行河道0~60 cm深度沉积物对氨氮、磷酸盐的吸附/解吸批平衡静态试验研究,采用多种动力学模型分析北运河沉积物对氮、磷的吸附/解吸动力学特性,提出适用于北运河沉积物吸附/解吸特性的动力学模型,并对模型参数的主要影响因素进行探讨.结果表明:1)北运河典型断面各深度的沉积物对氨氮和磷酸盐的吸附/解吸过程总体呈现3个阶段:快反应阶段—慢反应阶段—平衡阶段;在0~0.5 h的快反应阶段可完成吸附或解吸总量的60%,且对氮、磷的吸附速率大于解吸速率.2)北运河各断面对氨氮与磷酸盐的平衡吸附量表现为S(榆林庄)S(土沟)S(和合站);对氨氮的平衡解吸量表现为S(土沟)S(榆林庄)S(和合站),对磷酸盐的平衡解吸量表现为S(和合站)S(土沟)S(榆林庄),沉积物对氨氮和磷酸盐的吸附以化学吸附为主,平衡吸附与解吸量随断面深度的增加而减小,0~20 cm表层沉积物对氮、磷的吸附能力较强.3)Lagergren二级动力学模型对各深度沉积物的吸附/解吸过程拟合最优,模型参数公式为k2=S-0.369max+0.163;qe=0.022 Smax+18.077 Kf+41.947.通过模拟得出在400 mg/L氮、磷浓度下吸附于沉积物中的氮、磷污染物会随着解吸过程释放52%~80%的氨氮和6%~42%的磷酸盐,可能不仅二次污染上覆水体,还随河水下渗从而对地下水质形成潜在污染风险.     

全球大陆末次盛冰期气候和植被研究进展

略述了鄱阳湖围垦的简要历史和现状,分析了近５０年来洪水水位的演变趋势,指出围垦使鄱阳湖面积和容积缩小,调蓄功能衰退,以致水情不断恶化,洪峰水位逐渐上升,高水位的出现频率明显加大,致灾洪水越来越频繁,在此基础上,将围垦对洪水位的影响进行了分析计算,得出了各典型年洪水在不同围垦背景下的围垦效应值。     

龙山文化末期泾河特大洪水事件光释光测年研究

通过对泾河流域深入的野外考察,在其中游基岩峡谷内发现了含有龙山文化末期文化层和古洪水滞流沉积单元的全新世黄土土壤剖面。利用光释光的单片测年技术,确定古洪水滞流沉积层覆盖着的黑垆土层的OSL年龄为 4078±382aB.P. 和4111±450aB.P.。结合其中所含龙山文化遗址的考古年代,揭示出泾河流域在4100～4000aB.P.之间出现一个古洪水多发时期。这组古洪水滞流沉积单元包含5个单层,记录了4100～4000aB.P.之间泾河流域曾经发生的5次特大古洪水事件。这个洪水期对应着我国北方在4000aB.P.前后,由全新世大暖期向着全新世晚期干旱期转折过程中的气候剧烈变化。这些史前洪水事件可能对我国龙山文化的衰落和古代华夏文明的诞生具有重大的影响。     

Highly fractionated I-type granites in NE China (I): geochronology and petrogenesis

Northeastern (NE) China is the easternmost part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), which is celebrated for its accretionary tectonics and the world's most important juvenile crust production in the Phanerozoic era. Abundant granitoids occur in the Great Xing'an, Lesser Xing'an and Zhangguangcai Ranges in NE China. This paper presents partial results of a series of studies on the granitoids from this region, aiming to understand their role in the building of new continental crust in eastern Asia. Three composite granite plutons (Xinhuatun, Lamashan and Yiershi) were chosen for geochemical and isotopic study in order to determine their emplacement ages and petrogenesis. Petrographically, they range from granodiorite (minor), monzogranite, syenogranite to alkali-feldspar granite. Quartz and perthitic feldspar are principal phases, accompanied by minor amounts of plagioclase, biotite (<5%) and other accessory minerals. In addition, many contain abundant miarolitic cavities which suggest that they were emplaced at shallow levels with extensive fractional crystallization. Geochemically, the granites are silica-rich, peraluminous and have high contents of alkalis. They invariably show enrichment in light rare earth elements (LREE) and significant negative Eu anomalies. All the granitic rocks demonstrate the characteristic negative anomalies in Ba, Nb, Sr, P, Eu, and Ti, and a positive anomaly in Pb in the spidergram.

The emplacement of the Xinhuatun pluton took place at 184±4 Ma as revealed by zircon SHRIMP U–Pb data. This is also supported by the slightly younger Rb–Sr whole-rock (WR) isochron age of 173±3 Ma. A whole-rock (WR) Rb–Sr isochron age of 154±3 Ma was obtained for the Lamashan pluton, which is interpreted as close to the time of emplacement. The Yiershi pluton was intruded at about 140 Ma as evidenced by a zircon U–Pb age of 137±2 Ma and WR Rb–Sr isochron age of 143±5 Ma. Biotite-WR Rb–Sr isochrons and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of feldspars allow us to estimate the cooling rate of each pluton.

Geochemical data suggest that the rocks are highly fractionated I-type granites. Fractionation of biotite and feldspars was the principal process of magmatic differentiation and responsible for major element variation. Rb, Sr and Ba concentrations were controlled by feldspar separation, whereas REE elements were fractionated by accessory minerals, such as apatite, allanite and monazite.     

勘查金矿的现场X射线荧光法

本文介绍了用X射线荧光法在野外勘查金矿的地质和地球化学的理论依据和物理基础,描述了X射线荧光分析仪和野外工作方法。最后,文章给出了用该法在野外找金的两个实例。     

Geology and Geochemistry of Reworking Gold Deposits in Intrusive Rocks of China—Ⅱ Gold Deposits and Their Genesis

Gold deposits in intrusive masses include the veinlet dissemination,quartz vein and veinlet dissemination vein types,They are distributed in fracture zones along the endocontact zone of a batholith or in the centre and edge of a stock.The metallogenic epochs are Yenshanian,Hercynian,Archean,Proterozoic and Himalayan,The gold deposits are characterized by a big difference in time span between gold mineralization and the formation of host masses Ore-forming materials were derived from the masses and auriferous strata and ore-forming fluids came from meteoric and formation waters.When circulating water was heated by ascending heat flow,gold would be extracted,concentrated and transported from auriferous rocks and then precipitated in the masses during the late tectonic movement,Finally gold deposits were formed in the intrusive masses.