Effect of a thermokarst lake on soil physical properties and infiltration processes in the permafrost region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China

Changes in the hydrological processes in alpine soil constitute one of the several key problems encountered with studying watershed hydrology and ecosystem stability against the background of global warming. A typically developing thermokarst lake was chosen as a subject for a study using model simulation based on observations of soil physical properties, infiltration processes, and soil moisture. The results showed that the selected thermokarst lake imposed certain changes on the soil infiltration processes and, with the degree of impact intensifying, the initial infiltration rate decreased. The greatest reduction was achieved in the area of moderate impact. However, the stable infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration gradually increased in the surface layer at a depth of 10 and 20 cm, both decreasing initially and then increasing, which is correlated significantly with soil textures. Moreover, the cumulative infiltration changed in line with steady infiltration rate. Based on a comparative analysis, the Horton model helps better understand the effect on the soil infiltration processes of the cold alpine meadow close to the chosen thermokarst lake. In conclusion, the formation of the thermokarst lake reduced the water holding capacity of the alpine meadow soil and caused the hydraulic conductivity to increase, resulting in the reduction of runoff capacity in the area of the thermokarst lake.     

关中地区重力场动态演化特征与地震活动分析

系统分析了陕西关中测区1983～2003年的流动重力观测资料,研究了重力场的时空动态演化特征,结 果表明:①地震孕育阶段,伴随异常点段增多,重力场在一定范围内出现区域性的重力负异常,地震往往发生在异 常区的边缘或重力异常梯度带上,震后逐渐回升;②重力场变化图像较好地反映了在区域应力场和震源应力场作 用下断层活动引起的重力效应;③关中重力场的转折变化受制于大区域应力场的影响和作用。     

中国煤炭资源供应格局演变及流动路径分析

利用1949—2008年的相关统计数据,分析中国煤炭资源供应格局和流动路径,结果表明:(1)国家政策变动对中国煤炭资源消费规模影响深刻,每一次政策变化都会造成能源消费规模的波动,近年来强烈的能源需求使得我国煤炭供应不得不面临进口的现实;(2)受能源需求和资源禀赋的双重压力,大规模、跨区域、长距离的煤炭运输成为我国能源运输体系的重要特征;(3)尽管煤炭运输方式在向铁路、水路和公路组合并用的多元化发展,但仍然不能满足旺盛的能源需求,煤炭运输瓶颈始终存在,变输煤为输电是缓解当前煤炭运输困难的一个途径。     

三维探地雷达在城市地下管线探测中的应用

城市的扩建、旧城的改造以及水生态建设等都离不开对城市原有地下管线的调查,精准探测地下管线的分布情况是保障管线安全和确保市政工程正常运行的重要工作.为提高城市地下管线探测精度,本文采用三维探地雷达在东莞进行管线探测研究.结果表明,三维探地雷达能显示不同方向、不同埋深、不同类型的地下管线,在城市地下管线探测工作中应用效果显...     

北斗三号卫星经验型太阳光压模型分析与精化

太阳光压摄动作为在轨导航卫星受到的最大的非保守力,是卫星精密定轨的重要误差源。ECOM模型、ECOM2模型,这两种经验型光压模型被广泛应用于导航卫星定轨。然而,ECOM模型和ECOM2模型分别是针对GPS和GLONASS卫星设计的,并不完全适用于我国北斗三号(BDS-3)卫星。针对五参数ECOM模型在BDS-3卫星低太阳高度角时期轨道不连续性增大的问题,本文提出在 D方向引入一阶周期项来吸收未被模型化光压加速度。结果表明,引入一阶余弦周期项 D_c,能将低太阳高度角时期CAST卫星的切向、法向、径向重叠轨道误差分别减小约60%、52%、29%。针对ECOM2模型中 D_2c和 D₀、D_2s和 B_s之间存在的强相关性,本文提出了不估计 D_2c参数的八参数ECOM2模型和不估计 D_2c与 D_2s的七参数ECOM2模型。结果表明,相较九参数ECOM2模型,不估计 D_2c参数的八参数ECOM2模型能够将CAST卫星和SECM卫星径向重叠轨道误差分别减少约18%和27%。在此基础上,继续移除 D_2s后(七参数ECOM2),径向重叠轨道误差可进一步减小5.2%~8.5%。综合考察重叠轨道精度和SLR检核精度,不顾及 D_2c和 D_2s的七参数ECOM2模型表现最佳。CAST卫星和SECM卫星重叠轨道切向、法向、径向精度分别为5.0、3.4、1.4 cm和5.4、3.5、1.5 cm;SLR检核残差标准差分别为3.1~3.2 cm、4.4~4.7 cm。     

Modeling and assessment of combined GPS/GLONASS precise point positioning

A combination of GPS and GLONASS observations can offer improved reliability, availability and accuracy for precise point positioning (PPP). We present and analyze a combined GPS/GLONASS PPP model, including both functional and stochastic components. Numerical comparison and analysis are conducted with respect to PPP based on only GPS or GLONASS observations to demonstrate the benefits of the combined GPS/GLONASS PPP. The observation residuals are analyzed for more appropriate stochastic modeling for observations from different navigation systems. An analysis is also made using different precise orbit and clock products. The performance of the combined GPS/GLONASS PPP is assessed using both static and kinematic data. The results indicate that the convergence time can be significantly reduced with the addition of GLONASS data. The positioning accuracy, however, is not significantly improved by adding GLONASS data if there is a sufficient number of GPS satellites with good geometry.     

基于SMVF的高频雷达自适应多目标检测

针对高频雷达强海杂波和干扰环境下的多目标检测问题,结合S-method时频分布和Vitcrbi算法提出了一种多分量线性调频信号瞬时频率估计方法—SMVF法(S-method viterbi fitting),然后根据所提取的瞬时频率的直线拟合性能,提出了一种自适应多目标检测算法。实测数据的处理结果,表明了该算法在低信噪比时,与WDM法(wigncr distribution maxima) , WDV法( wigncr distribution vitcrbi)相比,估计精度提高约2000,验证了该算法的可行性和有效性。     

《昆明市城市排水系统分布专题地图》的编制研究

本文就利用ARCMAP软件编制<昆明城市排水系统分布专题地图>的实践过程,尝试将地图编制与排水管线地理信息系统建设实现很好的结合,实现图-库一体化联接,并最终实现以地下管线探测数据的地图可视化过程,从而完成专业管线专题地图的编制,为城市排水规划、建设与决策提供直观依据.     

AutoCAD数据转入ARC/INFO建立GIS的研究与实践

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