一种由80C552单片机控制的自动气象仪

介绍了一种由 80 C5 5 2单片机作为主控芯片的自动气象仪 ,能完成多种气象参数的测量。文中论述了其独有的特色以及硬件电路设计方法和软件设计方法     

Metal-organic complexation in the marine environment

We discuss the voltammetric methods that are used to assess metal-organic complexation in seawater. These consist of titration methods using anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) and cathodic stripping voltammetry competitive ligand experiments (CSV-CLE). These approaches and a kinetic approach using CSV-CLE give similar information on the amount of excess ligand to metal in a sample and the conditional metal ligand stability constant for the excess ligand bound to the metal. CSV-CLE data using different ligands to measure Fe(III) organic complexes are similar. All these methods give conditional stability constants for which the side reaction coefficient for the metal can be corrected but not that for the ligand. Another approach, pseudovoltammetry, provides information on the actual metal-ligand complex(es) in a sample by doing ASV experiments where the deposition potential is varied more negatively in order to destroy the metal-ligand complex. This latter approach gives concentration information on each actual ligand bound to the metal as well as the thermodynamic stability constant of each complex in solution when compared to known metal-ligand complexes. In this case the side reaction coefficients for the metal and ligand are corrected. Thus, this method may not give identical information to the titration methods because the excess ligand in the sample may not be identical to some of the actual ligands binding the metal in the sample.     

基于无人机/无人艇的最优动态覆盖观测技术

针对无人机(unmanned aerial vehicle,UAV)/无人艇(unmanned surface vehicle,USV)对海面区域的最优动态覆盖观测问题,提出了一种以最大化观测收益为指标的航路优化方法。采用区域分解、子区域分配、航路规划相结合的分层求解思路:首先,根据信息密度等先验知识,采取基于高斯混合模型(Gaussian mixture model,GMM)的区域特征提取理论,从任务区域中提取出若干个子区域;然后,将子区域进行排序与分配,从而将复杂的协同优化问题转化为多个简单的单UAV或USV航路规划问题;最后,各UAV或USV在分配的子区域内采用并行滚动时域控制(receding horizon control,RHC)算法进行航路规划。仿真结果表明,本文提出的GMM-RHC方法具有更高的观测效率,可有效解决无人机/无人艇最优动态覆盖观测问题,具有重要的应用价值。     

Linear and cyclic aliphatic carboxamides of the Murchison meteorite: hydrolyzable derivatives of amino acids and other carboxylic acids

Analyses of fractionated aqueous extracts of the Murchison meteorite by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after silylation with N-methyl-N (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide have revealed an extensive series of linear and cyclic aliphatic amides. These include monocarboxylic acid amides, dicarboxylic acid monoamides, hydroxy acid amides, lactams, carboxy lactams, lactims, N-acetyl amino acids, and substituted hydantoins. Numerous isomers and homologues through at least C8 were observed in all cases, except for the N-acetyl amino acids and hydantoins. Carboxy lactams, lactams, hydantoins, and N-acetyl amino acids are converted to amino acids by acid hydrolysis, thus, these compounds qualitatively account for the earlier observation of acid-labile amino acid precursors in meteoritic extracts. Laboratory studies of the spontaneous decomposition of N-carbamyl-alpha-amino acids and their dehydration products, the 5-substituted hydantoins, have led to the recognition of a series of aqueous phase reactions by which amino acids and cyanic acid/cyanate ion in the primitive parent body might have given rise to several of the observed classes of amides, as well as to monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, and hydroxy acids. A previously undescribed reaction of 5-substituted hydantoins with cyanic acid/cyanate ion to give carboxamides of the 5-substituent groups was observed in the course of these studies. The presence of an extensive suite of amides in a CM chondrite appears to be consistent with the interstellar-parent body formation hypothesis for the organic compounds of these meteorites. The presence of carboxy lactams and lactams along with free amino acids suggests the possibility of further chemical evolution of meteorite amino acids by thermal polymerization. The cyclic amides, given their potential for hydrogen-bonded pair formation, might be considered candidate bases for a primitive sequence coding system.     

Lysosomal and lipid-associated parameters in the livers of three species of arctic seabird chicks: species differences and relationships with contaminant levels

Lysosomal membrane stability, lipofuscin (LF), malondialdehyde (MDA), neutral lipid (NL) levels, as well as halogenated organic compounds (HOCs), Cr, Cd, Pb and Fe concentrations were analyzed in liver of black-legged kittiwake (BK), herring gull (HG), and northern fulmar (NF) chicks. There were significant species differences in the levels of NL, LF and lysosomal membrane stability. These parameters were not associated with the respective HOC concentrations. LF accumulation was associated with increasing Cr, Cd and Pb concentrations. HG presented the lowest lysosomal membrane stability and the highest.LF and NL levels, which indicated impaired lysosomes in HG compared to NF and BK. Lipid peroxidation was associated with HOC and Fe²⁺ levels. Specific HOCs showed positive and significant correlations with MDA levels in HG. The study indicates that contaminant exposure can affect lysosomal and lipid associated parameters in seabird chicks even at low exposure levels. These parameters may be suitable markers of contaminant induced stress in arctic seabirds.     

基于CR1000 的海洋剖面测量平台双重数据系统设计

为新型海洋剖面测量平台设计了一种基于CR1000数据采集仪的数据存储安全和数据读取方便的双重数据系统.第一重数据,分散存储于自容式传感器,传感器的上位机软件通过CR1000来读取;第二重数据,集中存储在CR1000的数据扩展模块中,通过海洋剖面测量平台的上位机软件直接读取.实验结果表明,该存储方案可有效地实现采样数据的存储和读取,从而最大限度地保证了新型海洋剖面测量平台的数据安全.     

一部研究区域历史地理的力作——评蓝勇主编《长江三峡历史地理》

在举世瞩目的三峡水库蓄水工程开始前夕,西南师范大学蓝勇教授主编的《长江三峡历史地理》由四川人民出版社出版,可以说是从学人角度为这项伟大的世纪工程献上了一份特殊的厚礼。《长江三峡历史地理》系国家社会科学“九五”规划项目,也是我国第一部系统研究三峡地区历史地理的大部头学术著作。通读《长江三峡历史地理》,明显地感到该书体现了以下几个特色:一、浓重的现实关怀和服务意识历史学早有经世致用的传统,历史地理学更是与社会现实、国计民生关系密切。可以说关注现实是区域历史地理学的一个重要理念和功能。当三峡蓄水高度达到175米时,不难想象千年三峡历史风貌势必大有改变,并不可避免地带来许多自然与现