带微处理器的自动校时数字钟

本文就目前地震台站普遍使用的小规模CMOS电路构成的数字钟元件多、可靠性不高等缺点,提出以INTEL 51系列单片机为核心构成的具有自动校对功能的数字钟,本系统硬件结构简单,系统可靠性强,并可自动根据BMP信号校时,操作简便且精度高。     

Mean crustal velocity: a critical parameter for interpreting crustal structure and crustal growth

Mean crustal velocity is a critical parameter for genesis of continental crystalline crust because it is a function of mean crustal composition and therefore may be used to resolve continental crustal growth in space and time. Although the best values of mean crustal velocity are determined from wide-angle reflection measurements, most studied here necessarily come from vertical averages in crustal refraction determinations. The mode of 158 values of mean crustal velocity is 6.3 km/s, a velocity which corresponds to a mean crustal composition of granodiorite to felsic quartz diorite; Archean crust may be slightly more mafic. Mean crustal velocities range from 5.8 to 7.0 km/s. The lowest values invariably are found in thermally disturbed rift zones and the highest values correspond to velocities in gabbro. Velocities in island arcs may be as low as 6.0 km/s but are typically 6.5–6.9 km/s which corresponds to andesitic composition; estimates of island arc composition are andesitic. If values of mean crustal velocity are not biased, this observation suggests that continental crust did not grow simply by addition of island arc material. Possibilities are that crust formed from fusion of island arcs and was later changed to more felsic composition by addition of material from the mantle or that the late Archean episode of major crustal growth did not involve processes similar to younger island arcs. Some crustal blocks might be changed in composition and thickness by such processes as underplating, interthrusting, necking and sub-crustal erosion. Specially designed experiments are suggested to determine this parameter so critical for understanding genesis of continental crust.     

Evidence of the Link between Broad Emission Line Regions and Accretion Disks in Active Galactic Nuclei

1 INTRODUCTION Most bright active galactic nuclei (AGNs) exhibit broad emission lines, with full width at half maximum (FWHM ≥ 103 km s?1) (Peterson et al. 1999). Some type 1 AGNs could have very broad emission lines (FWHM≥ 20 000 km s?1). Type 2 AGNs s…     

地理学本科生科研训练体系的构建与实践

大学本科阶段是创新性人才培养的关键时期。北京师范大学地理学基地一直在努力探索本科生早期科研训练的机制、模式与途径,以研究性教学和教学科研互动的新理念,依托基地所拥有的国家、教育部和北京市重点实验室、国家一级重点学科、国家级科学研究和教学研究项目等丰富的科研资源和院士、长江学者、杰出青年基金获得者、教学名师等高水平的首席导师+教学团队师资,建立并完善本科生科研立项制度,构建多学科平台、多元模式、多阶段的阶段-学科-能力三维体系的因材施教的科研训练体系。     

大姚6级双震前的地震前兆特征

在连续形变观测资料中除了存在于整个时间域的短周期潮汐信息(固体潮)外，还有出现在某个时间段的长周期非潮汐信息．如何从时间或空间上认识和提取这些信息．成为认识地震过程和进行地震预报关键和迫切的问题之一。利用小波分析的时一频特性和奇异性检测特性，对大姚6级双震前的连续形变观测资料进行了处理，提取潮汐资料中的非潮汐信息。发现在地震前震中附近的形变台站都接收到了相同频段的异常信号．周期为几天到十几天，出现在各个台站的时间也大致相同。这些在震前具有一定时、空分布的信息有可能是地震前兆。     

因子克里格分析支持的重金属元素空间多尺度变化特征——以北部湾东北部海域为例

将因子克里格分析方法应用于海底沉积物重金属元素空间多尺度变化的研究中,分析了北部湾东北部表层沉积物中7种重金属元素,Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、As和Cd的空间多尺度结构特征,识别并分离了重金属元素不同尺度的空间变化,并探讨了各个尺度上重金属的物源及控制因素。结果显示,研究区重金属存在块金效应、变程为30km的球状结构(短变程尺度)和变程为140km的球状结构(长变程尺度)等三种尺度的空间结构,并拟合了研究区7种重金属元素的线性协同区域化模型。短变程尺度上,7种重金属元素的空间分布表现为"点状"或"条带状"的局部尺度的空间变化特征;长变程尺度上,7种重金属元素的空间分布反映出"片状"的区域尺度的空间变化特征。局部尺度上,Zn、Cr、Ni、Cu、Pb和Cd等元素主要源于海南岛、雷州半岛、广西大陆等陆地母岩物质,其空间分布特征受到了沉积物粒度的控制作用;而As主要受到海南岛、雷州半岛的人为污染成分的影响。区域尺度上,Zn、Cr、Ni和Cu主要来源于雷州半岛、海南岛的母岩物质,其次为广西大陆;As主要来源于海南岛的母岩物质,其次为雷州半岛、广西大陆。这些重金属元素在北部湾终年逆时针大环流的控制下,进行搬运、迁移并沉积在"汇聚中心",形成了研究区重金属元素区域尺度上NWW-NNW向的分布格局;而As不同于其他元素的亲陆的NNW向分布特征,主要源于其不同的地球化学行为。     

南极半岛东北部海域表层沉积物稀土元素特征及物源指示意义

通过对南极半岛东北部海域36个表层沉积物样品的稀土元素分析发现:(1)研究区表层沉积物中稀土元素总量(REE)的分布范围为(45.47~183.60)×10-6,平均值为91.36×10-6;稀土元素含量的高低与铝硅酸盐黏土成正比,与生物硅含量成反比;(2)大致以象岛至南极半岛北部的茹安维尔岛为界,研究区西部的布兰斯菲尔德海峡及南设得兰群岛北部岛架-岛坡沉积物稀土含量较低,稀土元素页岩标准化模式与长城站周边土壤/湖泊沉积物、火山岩相一致,表现为重稀土相对富集,铕正异常明显,Sm/Nd分子比值大,推断该区沉积物主要来源于南设德兰群岛中-新生代火山岩分布区与现代火山活动区;(3)研究区东部鲍威尔海盆、南奥克尼群岛岛架和南斯科舍海脊区沉积物稀土元素的页岩标准化配分模式表现为平坦型,轻稀土明显抬升,铕正异常不显著,Sm/Nd分子比值小,稀土元素含量受沉积物中黏土组分含量、硅质生物组分等制约,推断沉积物陆源碎屑主要来源于威德尔海西部和南部,局部受南奥尼克群岛、南斯科舍海脊和南设德兰群岛物质的影响,沉积物的搬运主要受冰筏和海流制约。     

Demersally drifting invertebrates from Kongsfjorden,Svalbård (Arctic Ocean)–a comparison of catches from drift-pump and drift-nets

Demersally drifting organisms were collected at Ny Ålesund (Svalbård–Arctic Ocean) to study the taxon composition and relative abundances in the Arctic summer. Catch potentials of two collection devices for demersal drift were compared. A lowvolume submersible drift-pump and a drift-net unit were employed for the collection of demersally drifting biota, particularly for shallow aquatic habitats. With the exception of Appendicularia, Chaetognatha, Coelenterata, and Ctenophora, which were damaged at times, the pump catches were in good condition and sufficient for identification and quantification of less mobile fauna. A comparison of the two devices revealed that the drift-pump collected more specimens than the drift-net. However, the drift-net may have caused an underestimation of the abundances of invertebrates. No differences in identified taxon number and indices of richness, evenness and diversity were found. However, the proportion of invertebrate animals in the two devices was different for the three groups: zooplankton, macrofauna and meiofauna. At Svalbård, zooplankton, larvae of macrofauna, and meiofauna were successfully collected by the two collecting devices. However, the catchibility of the two devices in collecting various invertebrate taxa was different and, therefore, a sound ‘Device Effect’ was revealed.     

水力停留时间对硫自养还原高氯酸盐和硝酸盐性能的影响

以填充单质硫颗粒(S0)的生物膜反应器作为研究对象,研究了水力停留时间(HRT)变化对硫自养还原高氯酸盐(ClO-4)和硝酸盐(NO-3)性能的影响。研究结果表明,在进水NO-3-N和ClO-4分别为20mg/L和100μg/L时,在HRT从16h逐渐缩短到0.5h过程中,NO-3-N去除率能在较短时间内达到99%以上。与硫自养还原NO-3-N相比,HRT的缩短导致ClO-4去除率趋于稳定所需时间增加,说明硫自养还原NO-3-N过程先于硫自养还原ClO-4的过程。在不同HRT下未发现中间产物ClO-3和ClO-2的积累,ClO-4摩尔数减少量与Cl-摩尔数增加量比约为1∶1,出水中SO2-4的实际产生量远大于理论产生量,出水pH值范围为6.8~7.1。通过PCR-DGGE图谱和测序结果分析可知,属于α-proteobacteria菌群在反应器中占优势地位,β-proteobacteria菌群次之。其中,具有NO-3和ClO-4还原能力的Denitromonas sp.和Azospirillumsp.存在于反应器的底部、中部和上部的生物膜,能还原ClO-4的Dechloromonas sp.MissR被发现存在于反应器中部和上部的生物膜。