基于DS1624的多点温度监测系统

为了减少温度变化对高精度时间比对的影响,设计了一种由带存储功能的数字温度计DS1624构建的、基于I2C总线的温度监测系统,并给出了系统的构成及软件、硬件实现方法和详细实验结果。分析表明,以温度监测系统为关键部分的温度控制系统是高精度时间比对所必要的。     

Storm‐event rainfall–runoff modelling approach for ungauged sites in Taiwan

This work develops a top‐down modelling approach for storm‐event rainfall–runoff model calibration at unmeasured sites in Taiwan. Twenty‐six storm events occurring in seven sub‐catchments in the Kao‐Ping River provided the analytical data set. Regional formulas for three important features of a streamflow hydrograph, i.e. time to peak, peak flow, and total runoff volume, were developed via the characteristics of storm event and catchment using multivariate regression analysis. Validation of the regional formulas demonstrates that they reasonably predict the three features of a streamflow hydrograph at ungauged sites. All of the sub‐catchments in the study area were then adopted as ungauged areas, and the three streamflow hydrograph features were calculated by the regional formulas and substituted into the fuzzy multi‐objective function for rainfall–runoff model calibration. Calibration results show that the proposed approach can effectively simulate the streamflow hydrographs at the ungauged sites. The simulated hydrographs more closely resemble observed hydrographs than hydrographs synthesized using the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) dimensionless unit hydrograph method, a conventional method for hydrograph estimation at ungauged sites in Taiwan. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

广东水产品出口下滑的原因分析与对策措施

分析广东水产品出口出现下滑趋势外部原因为:发达国家对农产品进口实行贸易壁垒,贸易保护主义有所抬头;内部原因为:国内生产经营过度分散,产业结构不合理,缺乏国际市场竞争力。提出发挥政府、企业和行业协会的积极作用,建立多元化的出口市场体系等措施,以进一步扩大广东水产品的出口,实现渔民增收、企业增效的目标。     

基于整合理论的高校教师管理

整合理论实质就是对组织所拥有的资源进行优化配置,使其协调发展,产生最大效益.对于高校,教师是所拥有的不可缺少,最具有潜力的资源,这种资源所发挥的协同作用存在巨大的潜力.从整合理论的角度,分析了高校教师管理方面的整合问题,提出了高校教师管理过程中应该注意的问题.     

Impact of climate change on hydrological processes over a basin scale in northern Taiwan

This study investigates the impact of climate change on rainfall, evapotranspiration, and discharge in northern Taiwan. The upstream catchment of the Shihmen reservoir in northern Taiwan was chosen as the study area. Both observed discharge and soil moisture were simultaneously adopted to optimize the HBV‐based hydrological model, clearly improving the simulation of the soil moisture. The delta change of monthly temperature and precipitation from the grid cell of GCMs (General Circulation Models) that is closest to the study area were utilized to generate the daily rainfall and temperature series based on a weather generating model. The daily rainfall and temperature series were further inputted into the calibrated hydrological model to project the hydrological variables. The studies show that rainfall and discharge will be increased during the wet season (May to October) and decreased during the dry season (November to April of the following year). Evapotranspiration will be increased in the whole year except in November and December. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

发光细菌法在环渤海污水样品遗传毒性检测中的应用

建立了以经过遗传改造的发光细菌Acinetobacter sp.Rec A为受试物种的环境污染物遗传毒性快速检测方法,该方法最快可在3h内得到毒性评价结果。采用该方法评价了环渤海排污口12份污水样品的遗传毒性。环渤海12个排污口的污水样品均表现出了不同水平的遗传毒性,并呈现出一定的分布特征。其中,高毒水质集中出现在山东半岛污水样品中,中毒水质集中出现在辽东半岛地区,而低毒水质主要集中于京津冀地区。综上,在环渤海的污水样品遗传毒性检测中,这种新型发光细菌法具有快速、灵敏、简便等优点,可为以后近海环境的水质生物毒性检测提供参考依据,具有应用于近海环境水质快速监测与评价的潜力。     

长江口外浮游植物死亡释放溶解有机质的降解及其溶氧消耗

浮游植物光合作用产生的溶解有机质(dissolved organic matter,DOM)是海洋中溶解有机质的重要来源,浮游植物死亡后释放的新鲜溶解有机质活性高、数量大、生物可利用性高,其降解过程中对溶解氧(dissolved oxygen,DO)的消耗显著。但到目前为止,对此类溶解有机质的降解过程以及其耗氧情况还鲜有研究。本文基于2013年8月东海航次,对浮游植物(硅藻为主)死亡后释放的新鲜有机质进行人工受控培养,研究其降解过程及对DO的消耗,并评估该降解过程对低氧现象形成的贡献。研究发现:培养体系中溶解有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)和DO浓度皆随时间呈指数下降,总溶解态碳水化合物(total carbohydrate,TCHO)也出现明显降解;体系的初始DOC浓度越高,降解速率常数k(DOC)、k(DO)越大,k(DOC)受DOC浓度、活性以及DO浓度的影响;培养过程中细菌丰度明显增加,添加Hg Cl2的对比实验表明细菌在降解过程中起到重要作用。本文的研究结果表明,浮游植物死亡后释放的溶解有机质的快速降解及其对溶解氧的消耗,对长江口低氧环境的促成具有重要意义。     

南渡江河口洪、枯季节水文泥沙变化特征及台风“海鸥”对入海水沙的影响

基于2014年最新的洪、枯季节实测资料,分析了南渡江河口海域水文泥沙的季节性变化特征,借助台风"海鸥"过境期间的河道监测数据,研究了台风天气造成的洪水事件对河流入海水沙通量的影响。研究结果表明:(1)洪、枯季节河口海域的水体层化作用不强,洪季的水温高于枯季,但盐度低于枯季。水温呈现向海递减的趋势,而盐度整体分布较为均匀;(2)河口水体含沙量近岸大于远岸,枯季河口三角洲泥沙向西输运。洪季含沙量明显高于枯季,大量泥沙在台风季节被冲刷入海,而后向海或向西输运扩散;(3)河口海域为不规则全日潮,呈现东西向往复流特征。温度、盐度和浊度均呈现较强的潮汐性变化特征;(4)枯季河道内存在明显的盐水楔,锋面处的垂向梯度很大,在口门向陆大约12—15 km以远的河道水体不再受潮汐影响;(5)台风"海鸥"影响下,南渡江洪峰期间的径流量和含沙量均远远超过多年平均值,反映了南渡江河口地区"台风季节"的特点。     

福建东山岛地质灾害特征与成因初探

海岛是海上陆地国土和人类开发海洋的远涉基地及前进支点。海岛大幅度地快速增长的开发活动与工程建设使脆弱的海岛生态环境正遭受到严重威胁。东山岛是福建第二大岛,近10年随着水产养殖与育苗、风电建设、环岛公路和房地产开发等海岛利用和开发强度的加大,海岛地质灾害及潜在风险陡增。基于现场调查和遥感影像解译,分析东山岛赋存的地质灾害类型及其分布,初步探究了主要地质灾害的诱因,为更有效地保护和可持续性开发东山岛,制定合理长效规划、防灾与减灾对策提供准确依据,并为福建及周边基岩岛的地质灾害调查与防治提供实测数据参考。     

Grain size composition and transport of sedimentary organic carbon in the Changjiang River (Yangtze River) Estuary and Hangzhou Bay and their adjacent waters

Surface sediments from the Changjiang River(Yangtze River) Estuary,Hangzhou Bay,and their adjacent waters were analyzed for their grain size distribution,organic carbon(OC) concentration,and stable carbon isotope composition(δ13C).Based on this analysis,about 36 surface sediment samples were selected from various environments and separated into sand(0.250 mm,0.125–0.250 mm,0.063–0.125 mm) and silt(0.025–0.063 mm)fractions by wet-sieving fractionation methods,and further into silt-(0.004–0.025 mm) and clay-sized(0.004mm) fractions by centrifugal fractionation.Sediments of six grain size categories were analyzed for their OC andδ13C contents to explore the grain size composition and transport paths of sedimentary OC in the study area.From fine to coarse fractions,the OC content was 1.18%,0.51%,0.46%,0.42%,0.99%,and 0.48%,respectively,while theδ13C was –21.64‰,–22.03‰,–22.52‰,–22.46‰,–22.36‰,and –22.28‰,respectively.In each size category,the OC contribution was 42.96%,26.06%,9.82%,5.75%,7.09%,and 8.33%,respectively.The OC content in clay and fine silt fractions(0.025 mm) was about 69.02%.High OC concentrations were mainly found in offshore modern sediments in the northeast of the Changjiang River Estuary,in modern sediments in the lower estuary of the Changjiang River and Hangzhou Bay,and in Cyclonic Eddy modern sediments to the southwest of the Cheju Island.Integrating the distribution of terrestrial OC content of each grain size category with the δ13C of the bulk sediment indicated that the terrestrial organic material in the Changjiang River Estuary was transported seaward and dispersed to the Cyclonic Eddy modern sediments to the southwest of the Cheju Island via two pathways:one was a result of the Changjiang River Diluted Water(CDW) northeastward extending branch driven by the North Jiangsu Coastal Current and the Yellow Sea Coastal Current,while the other one was the result of the CDW southward extending branch driven by the Taiwan Warm Current.