环境因子对萱藻(Scytosiphon lomentaria) 孢子附着的影响

将实验室保存的萱藻丝状体经过扩增、诱导得到具有成熟孢子囊的丝状体作为实验材料, 在实验室条件下研究了光照强度[0—126?mol/(m2·s)]、温度(7—27℃)、盐度(8—56)、pH(6.7—9.7)对萱藻孢子附着的影响。结果表明: (1) 萱藻孢子附着的最适光照强度为54?mol/(m2·s), 在此光照强度下, 单位面积的孢子附着量最大; (2) 温度对萱藻孢子附着的影响显著, 19℃是萱藻孢子附着的最佳温度条件; (3) 盐度过低(≤24)或过高(≥40)都会造成孢子的死亡, 萱藻孢子附着的最适盐度为30; (4) 在设定的pH范围内, 当pH为8.2时, 最有利于萱藻孢子的附着。     

脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)体长和体重遗传力的估计

构建了脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)49个全同胞家系, 包括28个半同胞家系, 分别测定了30日龄和50日龄个体的体长和体重。利用SPSS软件的一般线性模型(GLM)过程, 计算表型变量的方差组分, 估计体长和体重性状的遗传力。结果表明, 脊尾白虾30日龄和50日龄体长的遗传力估计值分别在0.14—0.35和0.07—0.31之间, 脊尾白虾30日龄和50日龄体重的遗传力估计值分别在0.12—0.23和0.14—0.33之间; 雄性遗传方差组分均显著大于雌性遗传方差组分, 说明雄性遗传方差组分存在显著的父本效应。经过t检验, 父系半同胞、母系半同胞方差组分估计的遗传力均未达到显著水平, 全同胞方差组分估计的遗传力达到极显著水平。因此可以认为基于全同胞方差组分估计的遗传力是对脊尾白虾两个生长阶段体长和体重狭义遗传力的无偏估计值。本研究结果表明脊尾白虾体长和体重性状属于中度遗传力, 选择育种对于脊尾白虾早期生长的改良具有较大潜力。     

脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)组织蛋白酶D基因的克隆及其表达分析

采用RACE技术获得了总长为1853bp的脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)组织蛋白酶D基因全长cDNA序列。该基因5′和3′非编码区分别为120bp和572bp,开放阅读框为1161bp,推测编码386个氨基酸,预测分子量为42.36kDa,理论等电点为7.54,命名为EcCatD基因。同源性和系统进化分析表明,EcCatD基因与斑节对虾、美洲螯龙虾的相似性分别为86%和80%,与斑节对虾和美洲螯龙虾紧密聚为一支。荧光定量RT-PCR结果表明,EcCatD基因在血细胞中的相对表达量最高,其次为肝胰腺。该基因在鳗弧菌和WSSV感染后的脊尾白虾血细胞和肝胰腺中的表达量显著增加,并具有不同的时空表达趋势。结果表明EcCatD基因在脊尾白虾免疫反应中具有重要作用。     

Heavy metal contamination in western Xiamen Bay sediments and its vicinity, China

Concentrations of selected heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni and Fe) in surface sediments from nine sites in western Xiamen Bay and its vicinity were studied in order to understand current metal contamination due to urbanization and economic development in Xiamen, China. The sediment samples were collected in December 2004 and July 2005 respectively in order to examine temporal variations. In this study, we found that heavy metal concentrations in surface sediments sampled in the western Xiamen Bay and adjacent Maluan Bay and Yuandang Lagoon varied from 19 to 97mg kg(-1) for Cu, 45 to 60mg kg(-1) for Pb, 65 to 223mg kg(-1) for Zn, 0.11 to 1.01mg kg(-1) for Cd, 37 to 134mg kg(-1) for Cr, 25 to 65mg kg(-1) for Ni and 3.08 to 4.81% for Fe. Although all metal concentrations in sediments meets Chinese National Standard Criteria for Marine Sediment Quality, both metal enrichment factors (EF) and geoaccumulation index (I(geo)) show that Pb contamination exists in the entire study area and contamination of other metals are also present in some locations depending on the sources, of which sewage outlets and commercial ports are the main sources of contaminants to the area. This study shows that using the sediment quality standard criteria only to assess sediments cannot properly reflect sediment contamination. A multiple approaches should be applied for the sediment quality assessment.     

可可托海3号伟晶岩脉中蜕晶质化锆石微区研究

通过电子探针和激光拉曼光谱分析技术系统研究了阿尔泰可可托海3号伟晶岩中蜕晶质化锆石各部位的成分特征、结构变化和蜕晶质化程度间的关系,定量评测了放射性衰变对锆石不同部位结构的影响程度。成分分析结果表明此锆石为铪质锆石,具有明显的环带,其中核部U、Th含量高,边部U、Th含量低,而且锆石破碎区富含非化学式元素Ca、Al、P等,表明此处为锆石的薄弱区,已发生热液蚀变。拉曼光谱特征和锆石的辐射剂量值都表明,锆石核部发生了中度-高度的蜕晶质化,且由于热事件发生退火,辐照损伤程度得到一定的愈合;而边部晶体结构保持较好,只局部出现点缺陷和零星非晶质区。     

内蒙古雅布赖盆地红柳沟中侏罗统沉积相及沉积环境研究

野外考察发现,雅布赖盆地红柳沟发育一套较完整的中侏罗统扇三角洲沉积地层。其中沉积亚相有扇三角洲平原、扇三角洲前缘及前扇三角洲亚相;沉积微相包括辫状河道、天然堤、决口、沼泽、水下分流河道、水下分流河道间、河口坝、席状砂等沉积微相。从沉积构造特征分析可以看出,河道沉积发育于水动力条件较强的沉积环境,扇三角洲前缘河口坝沉积发育于强与弱水动力条件交替出现的沉积环境,而前扇三角洲则在比较稳定的水动力条件下沉积。对野外6个泥岩样品的微量元素化验结果用蜘蛛图解分析处理,得到样品所含微量元素V、Sr、Rb、B相对富集,而Zr、Cr、Ni相对亏损。通过对该地区样品w（Fe^2＋）/w（Fe^3＋）及气候指数计算表明,当时为弱氧化、半干旱的沉积环境。     

中祁连东段化隆群中斜长角闪岩地球化学特征及构造意义

中祁连东段化隆群中斜长角闪岩岩相学特征及主、微量元素地球化学分析结果显示,其原岩为碱性玄武岩。斜长角闪岩表现出轻稀土元素富集、Nb-Ta不亏损,与典型洋岛玄武岩(OIB)的微量元素分布模式和特征元素比值(Nb/La=1.24～1.48,Th/Ta=1.19～1.40)类似,但与典型OIB相对亏损高场强元素(如Th、Nb)不同,且在大地构造环境判别图上落入板内大陆玄武岩区,反映了化隆群斜长角闪岩原岩来源于软流圈地幔交代大陆岩石圈地幔熔融源区,为Rodinia超大陆在新元古代汇聚过程中局部裂解或Rodinia大陆整体上汇聚未完成局部地区就开始裂解的产物。     

含油气球冠模型三维重力归一化总梯度场特征

重力归一化总梯度的三维计算中,将圆滑滤波因子分别引入向下延拓和导数换算响应因子中,推导了其计算公式及数值实现过程,同时给出了具体的计算步骤;对含油气球冠模型的三维归一化总梯度场特征进行了分析与研究。研究结果表明,对于含油气球冠模型来说,不同于均匀球冠模型在各个深度的切平面等值线图中表现出单峰异常的特征,其三维归一化总梯度场的特征表现为:无论在过中心剖面的等值线图还是在某个深度的切片图中,只有当截止频率取值适当时才可以表现出"两高夹一低"的典型储油气藏标志特征,若取值不当,其表现出来的特征与均匀球冠模型相似。此外,归一化总梯度场等值线图中出现"两高夹一低"的位置,往往是含油气球冠所在位置和深度。     

Morphology and Histology of Lattice-like Ossified Epaxial Tendons in Psittacosaurus (Dinosauria: Ceratopsia)

<正>Epaxial tendons play an important role in the study of the musculoskeletal system and locomotory style of dinosaurs.Although the ossified epaxial tendon lattice is fairly well known in Iguanodontoidea,only recently has knowledge of this complex been extended to ceratopsians.This study concerns the gross morphology and microstructure of the tendon lattice in Psittacosaurus,a basal ceratopsian.As in the neoceratopsian Chasmosaurus,the ossified tendons of Psittacosaurus form a three-layered, lattice-like structure.The microstructure of the tendons in large psittacosaur individuals retains an early stage of ossification,as in juvenile birds and nestling hadrosaurs,suggesting a slow developmental rate of ossification of the tendons in psittacosaur ontogeny.Comparative study indicates that a lattice-like arrangement of three-layered epaxial tendons is widely distributed in Cerapoda.This pattern also extends to Ankylosauria,implying a similar pattern of the epaxial muscles through the ornithischian clade.In addition,comparison with crocodiles implies that the different morphology of ossified tendons in dinosaurs may be associated with adaptive aspects of their paleobiology,not simply a side effect of skeletal ossification.In contrast to the short tendons in quadrupedal Chasmosaurus and Protoceratops,the elongated tendons in Psittacosaurus may be related to the bipedal locomotion characteristic of this taxon.     

Sedimentary Features and Their Implications of Microdigital Stromatolites from the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation at the Jixian Section in North China

<正>The Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation at the Jixian section in Tianjin is a set of more than 3000-m-thick stromatolitic carbonate succession.In this succession,several lithofacies units,that is,the subtidal stromatolitic biostrome,the thrombolitic bioherm,tidal-flat micritic dolomite and lagoon dolomitic shale,make up many meter-scale cycles of the peritidal carbonate type that have been nominated as the Wumishan cycles.Importantly,many microdigital stromatolites make up the stromatolitic biostrome unit of the Wumishan cycles in the lower part of the Wumishan Formation. These microdigital stromatolites have been grouped as a stromatolitic assemblage by paleontologists, that is,"Pseudogymnosolen mopanyuensis-Scuphus-Yangzhuang columnaris"assemblage.These microdigital stromatolites had also been interpreted as the aragonite(tufa) sea-floor precipitates by sedimentologists,and has further been thought as the special products of the transitional period from the sea-floor aragonite precipitates of the Archean to the clastic and muddy carbonates of the Neoproterozoic.Although there are some restrictions for the stratigraphic meaning of the concept of the stromatolitic assemblage,detailed studies on classification by paleontologists provide an important clue to understand the sedimentological meaning of the microdigital stromatolites.Furthermore,an important and obvious horizon for the end of the microdigital stromatolites was recorded in the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation at the Jixian section,which provides useful information to understand the stromatolite decline occurred at c.1250 Ma and the evolving carbonate world of the Precambrian.