Estimation of ocean primary productivity and its spatio-temporal variation mechanism for East China Sea based on VGPM model

According to calculation results of ocean chlorophyll concentration based on SeaWiFS data by SeaBAM model and synchronous ship-measured data, this research set up an improved model for CaseⅠand CaseⅡwater bodies respectively. The monthly chlorophyll distribution in the East China Sea in 1998 was obtained from this improved model on calculation results of SeaBAM. The euphotic depth distribution in 1998 in the East China Sea is calculated by using remote sensing data of K490 from SeaWiFS according to the relation between the euphotic depth and the oceanic diffuse attenuation coefficient. With data of ocean chlorophyll concentration, euphotic depth, ocean surface photosynthetic available radiation (PAR), daily photoperiod and optimal rate of daily carbon fixation within a water column, the monthly and annual primary productivity spatio-temporal distributions in the East China Sea in 1998 were obtained based on VGPM model. Based on analysis of those distributions, the conclusion can be drawn that there is a clear bimodality character of primary productivity in the monthly distribution in the East China Sea. In detail, the monthly distribution of primary productivity stays the lowest level in winter and rises rapidly to the peak in spring. It gets down a little in summer, and gets up a little in autumn. The daily average of primary productivity in the whole East China Sea is 560.03 mg/m2/d, which is far higher than the average of subtropical ocean areas. The annual average of primary productivity is 236.95 g/m2/a. The research on the seasonal variety mechanism of primary productivity shows that several factors that affect the spatio-temporal distribution may include the chlorophyll concentration distribution, temperature condition, the Yangtze River diluted water variety, the euphotic depth, ocean current variety, etc. But the main influencing factors may be different in each local sea area.     

The causes and environmental effects of land use conversion during agricultural restructuring in Northeast China

During the last decade of the 20th century, extensive conversion in agricultural land use took place in Northeast China. The goal of this study is to ascertain its spatial distribution and regional differentiation, determine its causes, and analyze its environmental impact. Especially we attempt to elucidate how institutional constraints have facilitated the change at a time of agrarian restructuring when newly emerging free market was hybridized with the former planned economy. Information on six categories of land use was mapped from interpretation of Landsat TM images recorded in 1990, 1995 and 2000. Most of land use changes took place during the first half of the decade, coinciding with abrupt and chaotic changes in government directives. Farmland was changed mainly to woodland, water body and built-up areas while woodland and grassland were converted chiefly to farmland. Spatially, the change from farmland to woodland was restricted to the west of the study area. The change from grassland to farmland took place in the grazing and farming interlocked west. These chaotic and occasionally conflicting changes were largely caused by lack of stability and consistency in agricultural land use policies promulgated. They have exerted adverse impacts on the local environment, including land degradation, increased flooding, and modified climate regime.     

内蒙古中西部地区震源参数和场地响应反演

采用Atkinson方法，基于遗传算法，利用呼和浩特数字地震台网7个子台记录的9次质量较高的地震事件资料，计算了内蒙古中西部地区的品质因子Q值和非弹性衰减系数c（f）。在所研究的频率范围内，前者和频率．厂有很好的线形关系：Q（f）=116．8f^1.000后者与频率．厂的变化关系不明显。在此基础上采用Moya方法反演了7个地震台的场地响应和地震的震源参数，并对它们之间的相互关系进行了讨论。结果显示在所研究的频率域内7个基岩台站的场地均不同程度的存在放大作用，其次震源参数间具有较好的线性关系。本文还详细介绍了Atkinson方法和Moya方法的原理和计算步骤。     

新疆北天山中东段地区震源参数研究

本文首先利用经验格林函数方法证明了新疆北天山中东段地区的震源谱基本满足ω-2 模型。在此基础上 ,通过对S波观测谱中的噪音、仪器、路径、场地等影响的逐一消除 ,得到了研究区 10 5次ML2 5～ 5 7地震的震源谱 ,进而根据Brune的圆盘震源模型计算了地震矩、应力降、震源半径等震源参数。结果表明 ,这些地震的标量地震矩M0 与ML 震级线性相关较好 ,关系为Log10 M0 =1 10ML+ 17 2 0 ;震源半径在 10 0～ 15 0 0m之间 ;应力降介于 1～ 16 0bar之间 ,优势分布于 1～ 10 0bar。地震矩与拐角频率的关系呈现出两段趋势 ,可能表明了研究区震源的多重标度特征 :当M0 小于 4× 10 2 1dyne cm时 (相当于ML4 0地震 ) ,应力降显示出对M0 有依赖关系 ;当M0 大于 4× 10 2 1dyne cm时 ,地震的应力降不依赖于M0 。     

山西临汾盆地及邻区地震时空分布特征初探

临汾盆地是山西断陷带中地壳结构最复杂、地震活动最强烈的地区.有史料记载以来,发生过M≥4 3/4地震16次,其中8级地震1次,7 3/4级地震1次,6 3/4级与6 1/2级地震各1次,5级～5 1/2级地震11次,4 3/4 级地震1次.     

Spatial damage distribution of August 16,2003,Inner Mongolia,China,M_S=5.9 earth-quake and analysis

Introduction The ground motion is generally estimated by attenuation relation in seismic hazard assesment.The attenuation relation is usually the function of earthquake magnitude and distance.Actually the focal mechanism and other source parameters may also have significant impacts on the ground motion,especially in the near-source region.Recent post-earthquake investigations show that the damages have close relation with the closest fault-plane distance.On August16,2003,a MS=5.9earthquake o…     

地质遗迹旅游的可持续发展

从介绍地质遗迹及地质遗迹旅游的概念入手，着重就新时期地质遗迹旅游可持续发展的问题，提出了两种思路和相应的策略。     

中国陆地净初级生产力的季节变化研究

了解不同季节陆地净初级生产力(NPP)的变化及与气候的相互关系以及在不同地类的差异对深刻理解我国陆地生态系统对全球气候变化的响应和陆地碳循环研究具有重要意义。本文使用1981～2000年间GLO-PEM模型模拟的我国陆地NPP数据和同期气温、降水以及土地利用数据, 研究不同季节我国陆地植被NPP的变化。结果表明,在1981～2000年期间,四个季节的NPP都呈显著增加趋势,春季是NPP增加速率最快的季节,夏季是NPP增加量最大的季节。耕地在春、夏和秋季NPP增长和增长率最高,林地冬季NPP增长最多而水域冬季NPP增长率最高。夏季NPP增长最高的区域分布于我国东部的多数地区、内蒙古东部、四川盆地、贵州东部、藏南和新疆西部;夏季NPP降低最多的区域分布于在呼伦贝尔高原、鄂尔多斯高原、黄土高原、青藏高原东部和新疆西北部。     

江苏王港盐沼的现代沉积速率

江苏海岸湿地总面积超过5000km^2，但围垦活动的加剧使盐沼湿地面积迅速减少；为了达到海岸防护、保滩促淤的目的，先后引种了大米草和互花米草。通过采集江苏王港潮滩盐沼湿地9处柱状样和挖取探槽剖面，以及对沉积剖面样品进行^210Pb和^137Cs测年分析，探讨了^210Pb的本底及影响^210Pb富集的因素，估算了王港盐沼湿地的现代沉积速率。王港潮滩盐沼沉积物对^210Pb的吸附作用较弱；受风暴潮、生物扰动、物源变化及实验误差等因素的影响，在^210Pbex剖面上出现了数据异常点，将这些数据点剔除后计算得到的沉积速率为33cm yr^-1，^137Cs测年显示，该地区1963年以来的平均沉积速率3．1cm yr^-1，与^210Pb法及前人研究结果相一致。根据一个典型剖面的^137Cs测年数据分析，王港潮滩盐沼的沉积过程根据地貌特征的不同可分3个阶段，大米草覆盖阶段滩面高程迅速增加，互花米草的生长提高了滩面淤积速率。     

基于等高线隔断线确定DEM适宜分辨率的方法研究

分辨率是等高线数据插值生成格网DEM数据过程中需要考虑的一个重要参数,适宜的分辨率既能将等高线高程信息尽可能保留,又不会因插值造成数据冗余及误差。基于对格网DEM生成方式的理解,提出了等高线隔断线的相关概念,分析了基于地形图矢量化的等高线数据插值生成格网DEM数据,由不同长度等高线隔断线频率统计来确定格网适宜分辨率参考值的方法。同时,不同长度等高线隔断线的长度与其频率相乘得到标准长度,以及等高线隔断线中心点生成的密度分析图,均可在频率特征决定适宜分辨率参考值时起到一定的参考作用。通过样区实验验证,实现简便,可度量性强,与其他相关研究具有一致性,对确定适宜格网分辨率参考值具有一定的借鉴意义。