Research on the fault controlling mechanism of geothermal water in Zhangzhou Basin

Fault has an important influence on the storage and movement of geothermal water. The Zhangzhou Basin is wholly located in a granodiorite rock mass. Due to the low permeability of granodiorite, faulted structure has an evident control action on the hydrothermal activity of geothermal fields. Hot springs in Zhangzhou Basin crack along Pingtan-Dongshan Fault to the northeastern direction and emerge along Fu’an-Nanjing Fault. Through measurement of the temperature of several hot springs in the Basin, we found the temperature along the northwestern direction of Zhangzhou-Tianbao Fault is high and the temperature gap between the two sides of Yangxi-Yuanshan Fault is huge; the estimation of geothermal reservoir temperature of geothermal water through quartz geothermometer indicates that the geothermal reservoir temperature of the northern area of Nanjing-Xiamen Fault is obviously higher than that of southern area. Such result indicates that Fault obviously obstructs underground heat source. Under the condition that the average geothermal gradient of the Zhangzhou Basin is set, the circulation depth of the geothermal water of the Zhangzhou Basin measured by geothermal reservoir temperature is 3 550-5 200 m and the circulation depth of the geothermal water of the north of Nanjing-Xiamen Fault is deeper than that of the South.     

Slope instabilities triggered by the 11th May 2011 Lorca earthquake (Murcia,Spain): comparison to previous hazard assessments and proposition of a new hazard map and probability of failure equation

The Lorca Basin has been the object of recent research aimed at studying the phenomena of earthquake-induced landslides and its assessment in the frame of different seismic scenarios. However, it has not been until the 11th May 2011 Lorca earthquakes when it has been possible to conduct a systematic approach to the problem. In this paper we present an inventory of slope instabilities triggered by the Lorca earthquakes which comprises more than 100 cases, mainly rock and soil falls of small size (1–100  \(\hbox {m}^{3}\) ). The distribution of these instabilities is here compared to two different earthquake-triggered landslide hazard maps: one considering the occurrence of the most probable earthquake for a 475-years return period in the Lorca Basin \((\hbox {M}_{\mathrm{w}}=5.0)\) based on both low- and high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM); and a second one matching the occurrence of the \(\hbox {M}_{\mathrm{w}}=5.2\) 2011 Lorca earthquake, which was performed using the higher resolution DEM. The most frequent Newmark displacements related to the slope failures triggered by the 2011 Lorca earthquakes are lower than 2 cm in both the hazard scenarios considered. Additionally, the predicted Newmark displacements were correlated to the inventory of slope instabilities to develop a probability of failure equation. The fit seems to be very good since most of the mapped slope failures are located on the higher probability areas. The probability of slope failure in the Lorca Basin for a seismic event similar to the \(\hbox {M}_{\mathrm{w}}\) 5.2 2011 Lorca earthquake can be considered as very low (0–4 %).     

广西防城港海域沉积物特征及输运趋势

通过对2010―2011年在广西防城港海域表层沉积物所取样品进行粒度实验,并利用二维沉积物粒径趋势分析模型进行了粒径输运趋势分析。结果表明,研究区海域底质沉积物类型主要为砂、粉砂质砂、砾石质砂、砂-粉砂-黏土、黏土质粉砂和砂质粉砂等6种。粒度参数在空间分布上,沿岸和西部海域中值粒径较粗,分选中等或较好,偏态呈正偏或极正偏,在海湾口处呈负偏或极负偏;东南部海域粒径较细,分选系数差,偏态呈负偏或近对称。根据沉积物输运趋势方向不同,将研究海域分为3个区：沿岸海域主要离岸输送,方向由北向南;东南部海域的沉积物输运趋势向中间汇聚,形成一个沉积中心;西南部海域,沉积物输运方向偏北。     

青藏高原东北缘主要活动断裂带GPS加密观测及结果分析

为了对青藏高原东北缘海原断裂带和香山-天景山断裂带的现今走滑及逆冲运动状况进行更加精细的观测研究,我们沿甘肃兰州至宁夏中卫一线布设了1条由12个站点构成的跨断裂GPS加密测线网。该测线网的站点在空间分布上与“中国地壳运动观测网络”的已有站点相互补充,共同构成了1条平均点距约22km的密集型GPS跨断裂剖面。在第1期观测中,考虑到测区周围存在2个“中国地壳运动观测网络”的连续观测基准站(西宁XNIN、盐池YANC),我们尝试采用了各观测组未必同步的“自由观测方式”,而在数据处理中采用了GIPSY先进的“精确单点定位”策略。结果表明,由“中国地壳运动观测网络”的连续基准网作为支撑平台,在局部区域的GPS加密监测中采用灵活的“自由观测方式”和简易的“精确单点定位”数据处理策略,能够在满足精度要求的前提下更加有效地实施     

青藏高原及周边现今构造变形的运动学

青藏高原现今构造变形的定量化研究是理解其动力过程的基础 ,近年来高速发展的GPS(全球定位系统 )技术为测量大尺度现今构造变形提供了最有效的手段。我们利用青藏高原及周边的5 5 3个GPS观测数据给出了其现今构造变形的速度场 ,表明印度和欧亚板块之间的相对运动主要被青藏高原周边的地壳缩短和内部的走滑剪切所调整吸收。其中 ,喜马拉雅山系吸收了青藏高原总缩短量的 4 4%～ 5 3% ,北部的阿尔金山、祁连山和柴达木盆地吸收了 1 5 %～ 1 7% ,高原内部吸收了 32 %～4 1 %。青藏高原的“向东挤出”实际上是地壳物质的向东流动而不是刚性地块的挤出。这一地壳物质流动带在高原西部以地表张性正断层和共轭剪切走滑断层为特征 ,到高原中东部转换为巨型的弧形走滑断裂带 ,再到高原东北缘转换为地壳缩短和绕东喜马拉雅构造结的顺时针旋转。青藏高原的大尺度现今构造变形以连续变形为特     

幂律电子谱轫致辐射积分的快速计算

SSW(Solar SoftWare)的能量电子产生X光子的轫致辐射积分计算发展到版本2时,其性能相比初始的版本1提高很多.在版本2的基础上,对这个积分进一步改进.通过对比几种轫致辐射积分方案,结果显示,最终的方案性能上比版本2可以快约2～5倍.在积分的精确性上比版本1及版本2均改进了很多,在缺省的积分控制精度下也不再产生光子谱的尖刺现象.而且,积分耗时不再敏感于积分上限取值.由于积分性能的提高,使得利用精确的轫致辐射截面计算轫致积分成为可能.结果显示,用精确轫致辐射截面比先前的近似截面积分的结果光子流量略小(≤4%),积分时间大约比先前使用近似截面多30%.     

高逼真度虚拟森林环境的半球成像方法模拟分析

半球成像方法可广泛应用于植被结构参数及冠层光合有效辐射测量等领域。高逼真度虚拟森林环境的半球成像方法模拟及验证可用于定量评估半球成像方法测量精度及地面验证研究。但高逼真度虚拟森林环境下半球成像方法模拟面临场景复杂度高、面片数巨大、模拟效率低等难题。首先,论文以高逼真度虚拟森林环境构建原理建立了不同林分密度、树木分布模式、场景大小及树木种类等特征的虚拟森林环境库;然后,在采用光线跟踪算法开展半球成像方法模拟时,对比分析了4种数据结构分割平面搜索方法,即空间中分法、对象中分法、启发式排序法和启发式BIN分区法,结果表明,启发式排序法性能最佳;最后,以高逼真度虚拟森林环境库,对比分析了传统方法、Kdtree、BVH、Octree 4种数据结构方案组织、管理单树几何模型及虚拟森林场景两级数据集效率,并选择场景节点遍历数、单树几何模型节点遍历数、单树几何模型遍历数、面片遍历数及平均计算时间等参数作为衡量数据结构组织方案性能的定量化指标,研究发现Kdtree数据结构方案较其他3种数据结构方案更为优越,因此,其可作为高逼真度虚拟森林环境库的半球成像方法模拟之首选。     

青藏高原东南缘地震活动与地壳运动所反映的块体特征及其动力来源

通过分析青藏高原东南缘活动断裂带的活动特征和GPS资料显示的现今地壳形变场,辅以历史地震及地表破裂、震源机制解类型等资料,将青藏高原东南缘地区分成了11个次级块体.其中包括了西秦岭次级块体、阿坝次级块体、龙门山次级块体、藏东次级块体、雅江次级块体,香格里拉次级块体、滇中次级块体、保山次级块体、景谷次级块体、勐腊次级块体和西盟次级块体;并利用这些次级块体内的GPS站点速率计算出了这些块体现今运动情况及各块体之间断裂的滑动速率,分析认为各次级块体均受到了一种来自其相邻块体的主要应力作用而发生了旋转,其中保山次级块体、藏东次级块体、雅江次级块体、香格里拉次级块体、滇中次级块体的旋转尤为显著;同样,相邻块体之间的边界断裂带也呈现了相应的挤压或拉张活动特征,而藏东次级块体与雅江次级块体、雅江次级块体与滇中次级块体之间的挤压最为明显.利用上述结果,本文讨论了该地区的现今地壳形变特征,认为刚性块体的挤出作用与重力滑塌作用并存于该区域内,下地壳"管道流"的拖曳作用是该地区刚性块体挤出作用和重力滑塌的主要原因, 另外缅甸板块相对于自身的逆时针旋转作用在其北部引起的拉张作用也是重要因素之一.     

河源市文化旅游资源开发模式研究

河源市是广东省地域文化资源特色鲜明的地区,拥有远古时期的恐龙化石、南越国创始人赵佗文化、以万绿湖为代表的山水生态文化及东江客家文化等,文化资源类型多样,互补性强,空间组合较好,但现有文化旅游资源开发存在着水平较低、缺乏文化内涵,文化旅游产品单一、参与不足以及分散开发、重复建设等问题.针对河源市文化旅游资源的特点及开发中存在的问题,提出了联动互补开发模式和内涵增容开发模式,以期对河源市文化旅游资源整合,品牌提升,旅游产品创新和旅游综合效益的提高有所启示.     

南辽河群斜长角闪岩的地球化学特征及地质意义:以三家子地区为例

基于详细的野外地质调查,对南辽河群下部里尔峪组斜长角闪岩进行了岩相学和地球化学研究。岩相学研究表明,南辽河群下部里尔峪组斜长角闪岩属于正变质岩。地球化学研究显示,这些斜长角闪岩原岩属于高铁拉斑玄武岩系列(Nb/Y=0.16~0.4),SiO_2含量为47.27%~50.68%,具有较低的TiO_2含量(0.92%~1.61%),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等),表明其原岩形成于岛弧或活动大陆边缘,而非前人所说的大陆裂谷。综合岩相学和地球化学特征,初步认为其岩石成因与活动大陆边缘有关。