Estimating aquifer hydraulic properties using sinusoidal pumping at the Savannah River site,South Carolina,USA

A framework for estimating aquifer hydraulic properties using sinusoidal pumping is presented that (1) derives analytical solutions for confined, leaky, and partially penetrating conditions; (2) compares the analytical solutions with a finite element model; (3) establishes a field protocol for conducting sinusoidal aquifer tests; and (4) estimates aquifer parameters using the analytical solutions. The procedure is demonstrated in one surficial and two confined aquifers containing potentially contaminated water in coastal plain sediments at the Savannah River site, a federal nuclear facility. The analytical solutions compare favorably with finite-element solutions, except immediately adjacent to the pumping well where the assumption of zero borehole radius is not valid. Estimated aquifer properties are consistent with previous studies for the two confined aquifers, but are inconsistent for the surficial aquifer; conventional tests yielded estimates of the specific yield—consistent with an unconfined response—while the shorter-duration sinusoidal perturbations yielded estimates of the storativity—consistent with a confined, elastic response. The approach minimizes investigation-derived wastes, a significant concern where contaminated fluids must be disposed of in an environmentally acceptable manner. An additional advantage is the ability to introduce a signal different from background perturbations, thus easing detection.     

An analysis of P-wave amplitudes recorded by seismological stations in the USSR

Summary. Short period P -wave amplitudes at Soviet seismic stations are analysed to determine an amplitude–distance curve in the range 0°–180° from the USSR. Station amplitude terms, corrected for crustal amplification effects, are determined from seismic sources located between 30° and 90°. A relationship between these station terms and regional P_n wave speed and regional heat flow is determined and is found to be in close agreement with similar observations in North America. Station amplitude terms were found to be reasonably uniform across the continental portion of the USSR but the Baikal Rift valley is characterized by very low P -wave amplitudes and is the most significant feature discemible from the P -wave amplitude terms.     

Equation for the field lines of an axisymmetric magnetic multipole

Summary. An exact equation is derived for the magnetic field lines of the general axisymmetric magnetic multipole of arbitrary degree ( n ). This new result has important applications in studies of the possible nature of solarterrestrial physics during geomagnetic polarity reversals. In the limiting case of a magnetic dipole ( n=1 ), the equation for the magnetic field lines of the general axisymmetric magnetic multipole simplifies correctly to the well-known dipolar form, which is used extensively in geomagnetism, magnetospheric physics and cosmic-ray physics as a first-order approximation to the actual configuration of the geomagnetic field.
It is also shown theoretically that suites of similar magnetic field lines of the general axisymmetric multipole attain their maximum radial distances from the origin on a set of circular conical surfaces, with coincident vertices at the centre of the Earth; this set includes the equatorial plane if the degree ( n ) of the multipole is odd. The magnetic field is horizontal everywhere on all these surfaces.
Palaeomagnetic studies have suggested that during some polarity reversals the magnetic field in the inner magnetosphere can be represented approximately either by a single, non-dipolar, low-degree (2 < n < 4), axisymmetric magnetic multipole or by a linear combination of such multipoles. In this situation, the equation for the field lines of an axisymmetric magnetic multipole of low degree (2 < n < 4) would be as fundamental to a proper understanding of magnetospheric, ionospheric and cosmic-ray physics during polarity reversals as is the equation for dipolar field lines in the case of the contemporary geomagnetic field.     

Asteroid rotation: IV. 1979 observations

Results of photoelectric lightcurve observations made during 1979 are reported. Of a total of 53 asteroids observed, reliable rotation periods are reported for 22 asteroids for which no previous values are known, 7 periods are reported which are revisions of previously reported values, and for 12 other asteroids periods are suggested which are admittedly of low reliability and those objects should be reobserved. In addition, phase relations are presented for many of the asteroids, fitted to the theoretical phase function of Lumme and Bowell (Astron. J., 86, 1705, 1981). Adopting their formalism, mean absolute magnitudes at zero phase angle, $\text{V}\text{(0°)}$, for 52 asteroids, and values of the multiple scattering parameter, Q, for 22 asteroids are reported. For comparison purposes, the absolute magnitude, V(1,0) and the linear phase coefficient, βv, in the traditional system are computed. In the appendixes (1) the methods of observation and data reduction are discussed, which are recommended to other lightcurve observers in the hope of standardizing reporting practices as much as possible; and (2) a cumulative index of all asteroid rotation data of which the authors are aware is presented.     

Lightcurves and phase relations of the asteroids 82 alkmene and 444 Gyptis

The asteroids 82 Alkmene and 444 Gyptis were observed photoelectrically at Table Mountain Observatory and at Torino Observatory during their 1979 oppositions. The rotation periods and amplitudes of variation observed were, for 82: P_syn = 12.^h999, Δm = 0.55; and for 444: P_syn = 6.^h214, Δm = 0.15. The phase relation of 82 Alkmene can be well fit to the theory of K. Lumme and E. Bowell (Astron. J. (1981), 86, 1705). It showed a probable decrease in brightness of ～0.04 mag from 1 month before opposition to 2 months after opposition, which can be attributed to the changing viewing aspect coupled with polar flattering of the asteroid. The phase relation of 444 Gyptis is poorly fit by the Lumme and Bowell theory when only Q and V(0η) are treated as variables. A good fit can be obtained by adjusting some of the other parameters of their theory, but the physical interpretation is ambiguous.     

Hidden broad line regions and anisotropy in AGN

We discuss the recent advances made in the search for hidden broad line regions in Seyfert and Narrow Line Radio Galaxies (NLRG) using both spectropolarimetry and infrared spectroscopy/spectropolarimetry. Two important results which support the Grand Unification Theory are presented. In the first of these we report that the famous Seyfert 1 NGC 4151 has a scattered component to its broad line region, and is most likely an object where we view obliquely into its occulting torus. In the second, we show high signal to noise observations of scattered broad lines in the NLRG of 3C 234.