基于多源遥感数据的区域生态系统服务价值年际动态监测 ——以中原城市群为例

通过对多源遥感数据在生态系统服务价值（ESV）遥感模型中的尺度效应分析,选择满足最佳空间分辨率和长时间序列的遥感数据,对中原城市群区域2001~2013年的ESV实现了逐年逐像元水平的动态监测。结果表明：该区应用于遥感模型输入数据的最适空间分辨率为30~1 000 m,相对于30 m尺度,其他尺度估算结果的相对偏差均小于0.4%;结合年际动态监测的需求,选择了MODIS数据产品（空间分辨率500 m,时间尺度1 a）作为遥感模型的最佳数据源;研究区ESV总值在研究期内整体上呈显著增长趋势,增速约为8.6亿元/a,但在持续增长过程中经历了3次波动,且表现得越来越剧烈;在空间上,研究区ESV多年均值呈现出明显的不均衡性,表现为从西南向东部递减的趋势。研究表明此方法简单易行,初步实现了区域ESV年际动态监测遥感模型的准业务化运行。     

基于无人机多源遥感数据海岛植被叶面积指数协同反演研究

无人机多源遥感数据的获取、融合以及应用是当今研究的热点和难点。文中以城洲岛为例,针对海岛特殊的地理生态环境,获取无人机多源遥感数据。结合无人机多光谱遥感数据定量分析各遥感植被指数与植被叶面积指数(Leaf Area Index, LAI)的响应关系,构建单因子遥感反演模型;基于无人机激光LiDAR点云提取海岛植被冠层高度模型(Canopy Height Model,CHM),并将其作为自变量引入到多源统计回归分析中,从而构建多源遥感数据协同反演模型,对区域尺度下海岛叶面积指数(LAI)进行估算,开展验证和精度评价。结果显示,加入植被冠层高度因子的协同反演模型的判定系数R2为0.92,绝对平均误差系数为12.29%,预测精度要优于单因子反演模型(判定次数R2为0.86,绝对平均误差系数19.95%)。研究表明,加入了植被冠层高度因子的协同反演模型能在一定程度上提高乔木植被LAI的预测精度。实践证明,无人机多源遥感技术在生态学定量研究中具有巨大的潜力和广阔的应用前景。     

Three-dimensional gravity inversion based on 3D U-Net++

The gravity inversion is to restore genetic density distribution of the underground target to be explored for explaining the internal structure and distribution...     

基于影像的地图服务方法研究

随着当前用户对空间信息服务需求的不断提升,地图服务技术应用得到更多的关注,而对于G IS领域的地图数据,多为矢量格式,数据量非常大,故目前广泛采用的即时生成地图发布技术仍存在着服务器分析时间长、客户端浏览速度慢等问题,而基于预生成技术的影像地图服务方法则弥补了这些缺陷。主要分析基于网络的动态地图服务发布的研究现状,特别对基于切片方式的预生成影像地图服务的实现方法进行深入探讨,最后对两种主流W eb地图服务方法的性能进行对比分析。     

On exact solutions of the multi-constellation GNSS navigation problem

In Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning, the receiver measures the pseudorange with respect to each observable navigation satellite and determines the position and clock bias. In addition to the GPS, several other navigation satellite constellations including Glonass, Galileo and Compass can/will also be used to provide positioning, navigation, and timing information. The paper is concerned with the solvability of the navigation problem when the receiver attempts to process measurements from different constellations. As two different constellations may not be time-synchronized, the navigation problem involves the determination of position of the receiver and clock bias with respect to each constellation. The paper describes an analytic approach to account for the two-constellation navigation problem with three measurements from one constellation and two measurements from another constellation. It is shown that the two-constellation GNSS navigation problem becomes the solving of a set of two simultaneous quadratic equations or, equivalently, a quartic equation. Furthermore, the zero-crossover of the leading coefficient and the sign of the discriminant of the quartic equation are shown to play a significant role in governing the solvability, i.e., the existence and uniqueness of the navigation solutions.

CorelDRAW中专题地图符号的制作与管理

本文简要介绍了CorelDRAW的符号功能在编制各种专题地图中的应用.重点阐述了专题地图中点状、面状及方向线性符号的制作,以及在CorelDraw中点状专题地图符号库的管理.     

基于DEM的南京市彩色晕渲地图的研制

分析了基于DEM数据的自动晕渲地图生成的意义,介绍了将1:5万数据库中等高线文件转换到CartoShading软件中,利用软件本身功能生成晕渲的方法.     

Paleoenvironmental implications of the guano phosphatic cementation on Dongdao Island in the South China Sea

The phosphatic cement in the bioclastic sediment sequence on the northeastern shore of Dongdao Island in the South China Sea was studied and its paleoenvironmental implications discussed. Petrological characteristics and major, trace, REE element data unequivocally supported the notion that phosphatization was closely associated with avian guano decomposition and leaching, whereas carbon and oxygen isotope results further revealed that meteoric water were involved in these processes. AMS ¹⁴C dates on the brown phosphate cements indicate that they were formed around 5700, 5000–5100 and 2900 yr BP, respectively. The multi-episodes of phosphatization very likely correspond to intermittent seabird occupation on this island — possibly reflecting Holocene sea-level oscillation and/or long term climate changes in the South China Sea that have controlled seabird habitat. The phosphate cementation, which occurs widely in tropical islands, may be another useful monitor for sea-level and/or paleoclimate changes.     

The role of horizontal impulses of the faulting continental slope in generating the 26 December 2004 tsunami

For a long time, people have believed that the vertical displacement of seafloor due to undersea earthquakes is the primary cause of tsunami genesis. However, seismically-inverted seafloor deformation of the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake shows that the total vertical displacement is not enough to have generated the powerful Indian Ocean tsunami. Based on the seismically-inverted data and a three-dimensional ocean general circulation model (OGCM), we show that the momentum force, transferred by the horizontal impulses of the faulting continental slope in that earthquake, has accounted for two thirds of the satellite-observed tsunami height and generated kinetic energy 5 times larger than the potential energy due to the vertical displacement. The asymmetric tsunami pattern, recorded by tide-gauges showing leading-elevation waves toward Sri Lanka and leading-depression waves toward Thailand, is best explained by the horizontally-forced mechanism. The same mechanism has also explained the March 2005 Nias earthquake and tsunami data, suggesting that the horizontal motions of faulting have played more important roles in tsunami genesis than previously thought.     

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