湘西北海相含铀磷块岩中硒汞矿和晶质铀矿的发现及其地质意义

在扬子陆块东南缘湘西北武陵地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组海相黑色岩系下部鲕粒磷块岩中,首次发现了似纳米级的硒汞矿和晶质铀矿。通过电子探针化学成分测定和微区解剖,显示海相磷块岩中硒汞矿和晶质铀矿的产出状态、形态特征和占位特征。研究认为,同沉积期伴随火山热液喷出形成海相沉积鲕粒状磷块岩(鲕粒中包含球滴状硒汞矿),似纳米级硒汞矿在海相磷块岩中占位于鲕粒磷结核的内部和中心。其形成后期,海底热液作用持续,磷块岩经部分溶蚀、热液脱碳,在磷块岩的微裂隙中晶质铀矿、石英共沉淀析出。海相磷块岩中硒汞矿和晶质铀矿的发现和空间占位特征的研究,对探讨磷块岩中硒汞矿和晶质铀矿的形成与海底喷流(热水)沉积作用的发生方式和成因联系有启示意义,进一步佐证扬子陆块东缘陆缘裂陷喷气沉积是发生大规模铀成矿作用的机制。     

Biological marker compounds as indicators of the depositions! history of the Maoming oil shale

The Eocene Maoming oil shale from Guangdong Province occurs as a laterally uniform stratigraphic section, typically 20–25 m thick, from which the aliphatic hydrocarbon constituents of six representative samples were investigated using GC and C-GC-MS. The sediments evaluated included the basal lignite, a vitrinite lens from the overlying claystone, and four intervals from the massive oil shale bed. As expected, the lignite and vitrinite differ markedly from the oil shales. The lignite is dominated by bacterial hopanoids and components of higher plant origin, including C₂₉ steroids and triterpenoids such as oleanenes. Visually, the oil shale samples show corroded and degraded phytoclasts, spores, wispy particles of fluorescent organic material attributable to dinoflagellates and, especially in the uppermost sample, colonial algal bodies. The distributions of biological markers in the oil shales show many features in common, notably a dominance of dinoflagellate-derived 4-methylsteroids, and a significant proportion of higher-plant derived n-alkanes with marked odd-over-even carbon number predominance. Overall, they exhibit several features that resemble characteristics of the Messel shale. The hydrocarbons of the lowest shale horizon suggest that there may have been a gradual transition between deposition of the original peat and the subsequent oil shales. The aliphatic hydrocarbons of the uppermost shale are dominated by a number of C₃₁ and C₃₃ botryococcane homologues and other unusual branched alkanes possibly derived from green algae. All of the samples are immature. Overall, molecular and microscopic examination of the stratigraphic succession of the Maoming oil shale suggests a shallow, lacustrine environment within which peats were deposited. This lake subsequently deepened to support abundant algal populations, especially dinoflagellates, culminating in a dominance of botryococcoid algae.     

新矿物——白云鄂博矿

白云鄂博矿产于内蒙古白云鄂博稀土铁铌矿床中,它是一种钠钡铈稀土氟碳酸盐新矿物——NaBaCe_2[F|(CO_3)_4]。作者对其进行了基础矿物学、矿物谱学、X射线晶体学研究及精确的成分测定,获得了详细的矿物学实验数据及晶体结构基本参数,并对该矿物进行X射线晶体结构精测。此外,作者对其作了高分辨电镜研究,拍摄了该矿物的结构象,肯定其X射线晶体结构的分析结果。综合上述实验资料,与类似矿物对比,作者确认白云鄂博矿为一新矿物。     

Phosphorus fractions and bioavailability in relation to particle size characteristics in sediments from Lake Hongfeng, Southwest China

Information on the chemical composition of phosphorus (P) fractions in sediments is fundamental to understanding P bioavailability and eutrophication in lake ecosystems. Phosphorus fractions and its bioavailability in sediments cores of Lake Hongfeng, southwest China, were investigated using a chemical sequential extraction scheme. Relationships between P fractions, P bioavailability and particle sizes were discussed. P fractions concentrations were ranked in the order: Residual-P > NaOH–rP > NaOH–NRP > HCl–P > BD–P > NH₄Cl–P, and all of them decreased with increasing sediment depth. Statistical analysis showed that concentrations of bioavailable P (BAP) which includes the NH₄Cl–P, BD–P, NaOH–rP and NaOH–NRP fractions ranged from 404.68 to 1,591.99 mg/kg and accounted for 26.8–71.8 % of the concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) in the top 5 cm sediments, whereas in the whole sediment cores, their concentrations ranged from 239.70 to 1,591.99 mg/kg and accounted for 26.8–76.0 % of TP. The results suggested that the sediments were a large potential source of P for algae blooms in Lake Hongfeng. Phosphorus fractions and their potential bioavailability were influenced by the sediment particle sizes, especially the bioavailability of the NH₄Cl–P fraction, which was strongly affected by the presence of fine particle sizes in the sediments.     

GPS定位技术在福建地壳形变监测中的应用

随着GPS观测及数据处理技术的发展,GPS定位技术在地球动力学方面的应用越来广泛,本文介绍国内外利用GPS定位技术在地球动力学方面的应用现状,着重介绍了GPS精密定位技术在福建地壳形变监测方面的应用现状和取得的初步成果。     

五十年创业成果丰硕继承伟业再创辉煌--纪念北京矿产地质研究院成立五十周年

52年前,1955年6月18日北京矿产地质研究院宣告成立,开始了创新创业的历程.     

闽西北常口—南舟断裂带与萤石成矿关系

福建省区域地质调查队三分队在元坑幅及埔上幅１：５万区调中分别发现了将乐常口大型萤石矿和顺昌南舟萤石矿。两个矿床均位于常口－南舟北东向断裂带中，受其次级张性断裂直接控制，矿床成因类似。     

克拉麦里—塔克札勒—大黑山蛇绿岩建造稀土元素特征

克拉麦里—塔克札勒—大黑山蛇绿岩建造稀土元素含量由变质橄榄岩—堆积橄榄岩—堆积辉长岩—玄武岩有规律增高 ,总体表现为轻稀土弱富集 ,L/H值大多数大于 1,局部有轻稀土亏损的特征。蛇绿岩建造各单元间稀土元素分布模式不尽相同 ,即使是同一单元在不同地段亦有差异 ,反映地幔岩浆的复杂性。基性熔岩稀土元素分布模式既有洋脊玄武岩的平坦曲线 ,又有轻稀土富集型的夏威夷等洋岛玄武岩的特征 ,反映该蛇绿岩带混杂着洋壳残骸和洋岛碎块。由清水—南明水东—塔克札勒基性熔岩稀土元素含量有规律递增 ,分别是球粒陨石的 9.4、15.4、18.9倍 ,反映玄武质岩浆分异程度逐渐增高 ,间接说明该岩带闭合时间由西向东从中泥盆世—晚石炭世末 ,再向东甚至延续至二叠纪     

Study on the Global Carbon Assimilation System Based on Multisource Remote Sensing Data

The Paris agreement signed in April, 2016 aims to balance global anthropogenic carbon emissions and terrestrial carbon sinks by the middle of the 21^st century. To fulfill this goal, it is necessary to calculate carbon fluxes of different regions reliably. The global carbon assimilation system is an effective technique for achieving this goal. The Ministry of Science and Technology of China supports the project entitled as study on the global carbon assimilation system based on multisource remote sensing data through the national key research and development programs for global change and adaptation during the thirteen-five period. This project will develop synergic inversion techniques for retrieving key parameters of biological and atmospheric cycles and for assimilating multisource remote sensing and ground based data. Then, the high resolution global carbon assimilation system coupled with an ecological model will be constructed. This system is able to assimilate jointly multisource observation data and to optimize key model parameters, photosynthesis and respiration carbon fluxes of global terrestrial ecosystems, and anthropogenic carbon emission fluxes of key regions. This system will be used to study quantitatively the spatial and temporal patterns of carbon fluxes of global terrestrial ecosystems and anthropogenic carbon emission fluxes of key regions and to identify the mechanisms driving the global terrestrial carbon sinks and sources. The outputs of this study will be helpful for the fulfillment of the key research and development programs for global change and adaptation and provide valuable data and technical support for the decision-making in China.