Preparation of iron phosphate from sludge sourced from the electrocoagulation treatment of source-separated urine

In order to prepare iron phosphate by waste sludge, we report a method for effective utilization of the sludge obtained from the electrocoagulation treatment of source-separated urine. The sludge was dissolved with hydrochloric acid and pretreated with H₂O₂ and Na₃PO₄; finally, NaOH was added to precipitate iron phosphate from the solution. Thermal treatment of the precipitate at 750 °C in air yielded crystalline quartz-like anhydrous FePO₄. The precipitate was characterized by a number of thermal techniques such as thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction.     

中国古生代中期盔甲鱼类及其古地理意义

盔甲鱼类是古生代中期化石无颌类的主要类群,其分布主要限于我国境内以及越南北部。至目前为止,在我国已发现并鉴定的盔甲鱼类计有48属68种,其中志留纪14属19种,遍布川、陕、鄂、湘、皖、浙、赣、新等省;泥盆纪35属49种,遍布宁、川、黔、桂、滇等省（区）。本文不仅对含盔甲鱼类的地层进行了详细的对比研究,而且根据盔甲鱼类在中古生代地层中出现的先后顺序,自下而上划分了9个盔甲鱼化石组合与1个盔甲鱼层,并认为这些化石组合和盔甲鱼层之间的演替与当时环境条件的变化及古地理、古构造的变迁密不可分。另外,通过对盔甲鱼类形态学及古生态学的研究,认为盔甲鱼类应是一类行底栖滤食性生活、运动能力不强的类群,其主要生活环境为靠近古陆边缘的海域。由于其迁移扩散能力有限,宽广的陆地以及宽阔的海洋均成为其迁移、扩散的障碍,因此盔甲鱼类具有重要的古生物地理意义。最后,根据盔甲鱼类在我国的地理分布特征,并结合大地构造学及古地磁学方面的资料,对中古生代我国三大主要板块之间的古地理关系进行了初步的探讨性研究,结果表明：古生代中期中国三大板块具有十分密切的古地理关系,它们彼此相接或相邻,并同属于一个鱼类动物地理区系即泛华夏盔甲鱼类区系。     

当前国际水文学科技术领域的研究方向

根据联合国有关机构发布的公报和世界各国近年来的学术研究情况，整理出了近期水文学科在地表水、地下水、水质、水资源系统、大气～土壤～植被、大陆侵蚀、冰雪、遥感技术和示踪技术等领域的热门研究课题，在一定程度上反映了当前国际上水文学科的研究和发展方向，对国内同行有一定的参考价值。     

Geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic study of alkaline syenites in Liangtun-Kuangdonggou, Liaoning Province, China： Evidence for enriched mantle before 1.86 Ga and implications

The 1.86 Ga Liangtun-Kuangdonggou complex (LKC) is one of the oldest alkaline syenite bodies so far discovered in China. This syenite suite has elevated contents of total alkali (K2O Na2O), with an average of 10.50%, and a mean Rittmann Index (σ) of 6.48. The intrusions have slightly higher concentrations of K2O than those of Na2O on a weight percent basis, indicating the rocks belong to potassium-rich alkaline syenite series. Total rare-earth element concentrations (∑REE ) of the rocks are relatively high, ranging from 324×10 -6 to 1314×10 -6, with a mean value of 666×10 -6. The REE patterns are subparallel and rightward steep with (La/Yb)N >33, showing mild negative to positive Eu anomalies (δEu: 0.63-1.15). All samples exhibit strong LILE and LREE enrichments and TNT (Nb, Ta, Ti) and P depletions in multi-element spidergrams. On the εSr(t)-εNd(t) correlation diagram, most analytical data points plot within the enriched mantle field with low ( 87Sr/86Sr)i ratios (0.7045-0.7051) and negative εNd(t) values (-3.72--3.97), falling among those kimberlites from Fuxian County, Liaoning Provinve, from Mengyin County, Shandong Province and the Ⅱ-type kimberlites from South Africa. These characteristics imply that the LKC-rocks may have the same source as the above-mentioned kimberlites, i.e., they have close connections to the materials derived from enriched mantle reservoirs, further revealing that the upper mantle beneath the northeastern part of the North China Plate had been highly enriched before 1.86 Ga. Geodynamically, the LKC-rocks were formed in a within-plate environment with close genetic connections to rift-related alkaline magma activities possibly controlled by ancient mantle plumes.     

“探宝号”船可变阵列震源的实现及应用

2001年，广州海洋地质调查局对“探宝号”船原有震源更新升级为阵列可变的BOLT震源系统。随着更新改造工程的成功，该船已成为具备承担高分辨率、常规、低频深水油气地震勘探的多功能地震调查船。本文介绍了地震勘探震源的基本工作原理以及三种阵列的分布、波形、频谱等特性。     

西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段东波蛇绿岩中锆石U-Pb定年及地质意义

西藏东波蛇绿岩位于雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段,由地幔橄榄岩、辉石岩和辉长岩等组成.地幔橄榄岩主要为方辉橄榄岩、纯橄岩和少量二辉橄榄岩.地幔橄榄岩中有少量辉石岩和辉长岩的脉岩,宽约1m,走向北西与岩体的构造线方向基本一致.辉石岩由90％透辉石(Wo=48、En =46、Fs =6),少量的斜顽辉石(Wo=2、En=82、Fs=16),5％的斜长石(An =90)和透闪石组成.辉长岩主要由透辉石(Wo =47、En=36、Fs=17)、斜长石(An =47)及少量的镁角闪石组成,岩石成分以低K2O和P2O5含量(均＜0.1％)和亏损的LREE模式为特征,显示N-MORB岩石的特征.经LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb原位微区测定,获得辉石岩和辉长岩的年龄分别为130±0.5Ma、128±1.1Ma.首次给出了东波蛇绿岩年龄,代表了东波地区新特提斯洋海底扩张的时代.     

基于灰色理论的真空堆载预压分层沉降预测

对真空堆载预压加固处理的软土地基,用灰色理论模型预测地基的分层沉降,结果表明：对于土层分布均匀的地基,verhulst模型能较准确地预测分层沉降,误差在10％以内。对于土层分布不均匀的地基,verhulst模型预测误差较大,进行残差修正,修正的verhulst模型能较准确地预测分层沉降。用不同点数预测地基的分层沉降,同实测沉降数据对比发现、对于土层均匀或不均匀的软土地基,在已知真空影响范围外土层的沉降时,灰色模型就能较准确地预测分层沉降。     

非饱和土增湿变形的实用计算方法

非饱和土力学研究目前还未进入实用阶段,主要原因在于吸力量测困难。本文提出了用等效吸力代替真实吸力的试验方法。首先以常规静三轴试验得到的原状饱和土以及非饱和土的应力-应变曲线为基础,根据变形等效的原则确定与某一饱和度相当的围压即为等效吸力;然后建立饱和度与等效吸力之间的非线性关系,并验证了该数学公式的正确性;再根据试验结果分析含水量对非饱和土强度的影响,建立了非饱和土的实用抗剪强度公式;最后按照邓肯-张模型的参数整理方法得到了不同饱和度非饱和土的模型参数,探索这些参数随饱和度的变化规律,建立了引入饱和度的非饱和黄土实用非线性模型,并进行了降雨入渗情况下非饱和土增湿变形的计算。结果表明,饱和度最大值为95%,等效吸力最大值为160 kPa,最大水平位移与竖向位移分别为0.6 cm和20.0 cm,均出现在浸水位置。计算结果合理地反映了非饱和土变形的分布趋势,验证了方法的合理性。     

Early Neoproterozoic granulite facies metamorphism of mafic dykes from the Vestfold Block,east Antarctica

Proterozoic mafic dykes from the southwestern Vestfold Block experienced heterogeneous granulite facies metamorphism, characterized by spotted or fractured garnet‐bearing aggregates in garnet‐absent groundmass. The garnet‐absent groundmass typically preserves an ophitic texture composed of lathy plagioclase, intergranular clinopyroxene and Fe–Ti oxides. Garnet‐bearing domains consist mainly of a metamorphic assemblage of garnet, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, hornblende, biotite, plagioclase, K‐feldspar, quartz and Fe–Ti oxides. Chemical compositions and textural relationships suggest that these metamorphic minerals reached local equilibrium in the centre of the garnet‐bearing domains. Pseudosection calculations in the model system NCFMASHTO (Na₂O–CaO–FeO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂O–TiO₂–Fe₂O₃) yield P–T estimates of 820–870 °C and 8.4–9.7 kbar. Ion microprobe U–Pb zircon dating reveals that the NW‐ and N‐trending mafic dykes were emplaced at 1764 ± 25 and 1232 ± 12 Ma, respectively, whereas their metamorphic ages cluster between 957 ± 7 and 938 ± 9 Ma. The identification of granulite facies mineral inclusions in metamorphic zircon domains is also consistent with early Neoproterozoic metamorphism. Therefore, the southwestern margin of the Vestfold Block is inferred to have been buried to depths of ~30–35 km beneath the Rayner orogen during the late stage of the late Mesoproterozoic/early Neoproterozoic collision between the Indian craton and east Antarctica (i.e. the Lambert Terrane or the Ruker craton including the Lambert Terrane). The lack of penetrative deformation and intensive fluid–rock interaction in the rigid Vestfold Block prevented the nucleation and growth of garnet and resulted in the heterogeneous granulite facies metamorphism of the mafic dykes.