Spatial Database of Geological Survey Extent in 20th Century in China

During the whole 20th century in China, especially the latest 50 years, we have gotten much geological information about geological mapping, geophysics, geochemistry, mineral exploration,remote sensing, environmental geology, hydrogeology, engineering geology and oceanic geology etc. by our geologists and explorers. All the information has been accmnulated and can be used as a dcision-making foundation for the future plan of geological survey. The spatial database of geological survey ex-tents has been established by using computer technology. The database contained all kinds of exploration sections and collected about 160 000 records in this database. This paper introduces the data construc-tion ,contents and applying systemof this database, and trys to let people know what kinds of geological survey were finished, when the exploration were carried out, and how and where you can get this infor-mation.     

水泥混凝土路面病害成因分析及处治方法

水泥混凝土路面使用寿命的长短,除取决于施工质质量外,在很大程度上取决于养护质量。水泥混凝土路面破损一旦发生．破损状况将迅速发展,对行车的舒适性和道路顺畅造成严重影响,养护难度也相应加大。通过六安境内某段一级公路水泥混凝土路面的病害调查,对其形式和成因进行分析,在公路养护中提出了处治病害的具体措施。     

越南西北部地区Sinh Quyen岩组副片麻岩的锆石年龄及其地质意义

在大地构造位置上, 越南西北部地区是古特提斯造山带东段重要的组成部分, 并记录了印支陆块和华南板块碰撞拼合历史.其构造归属是厘定该地区古特提斯板块缝合带位置的关键.报道了出露的基底岩石Sinh Quyen岩组副片麻岩的碎屑锆石年龄, 探讨其沉积物源和归属问题.该岩组主要由长英质副片麻岩和混合岩等岩石类型构成, 被认为是越南西北部中元古代—古元古代基底岩石.采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法分析了3个长英质副片麻岩样品的116粒碎屑锆石.123个分析点锆石年龄的统计结果显示, 碎屑锆石形成时代主要集中在约1.8 Ga左右, 有少量约2.2~3.0 Ga中太古代碎屑锆石, 暗示Sinh Quyen副片麻岩沉积物源主要为早古元古代基底岩石.基底岩石在形成时间上与华南板块古老基底相似, 推断Sinh Quyen岩组在构造归属上可能来自华南板块.部分碎屑锆石边部记录约250 Ma变质增生作用, 可能与华南板块—印支板块的印支期拼合有关, 记录了古特提斯造山作用.      

西霞口龙眼港-4.5m码头加固扩建施工新方法

以山东西霞口集团龙眼港—4.5m码头的改扩建工程为例,阐述了采用三管法旋喷桩托底置换、加劲旋喷桩配合锚拉支护方法在码头改造施工中的可行性及其施工工艺和施工方法,为同类工程施工积累了经验。     

Effect of loading duration on uncertainty in creep analysis of clay

Some studies suggest that creep parameters should be determined using a greater quantity of creep test data to provide more reliable prediction regarding the deformation of soft soils. This study aims to investigate the effect of loading duration on model updating. One‐dimensional consolidation data of intact Vanttila clay under different loading durations collected from the literature is used for demonstration. The Bayesian probabilistic method is used to identify all unknown parameters based on the consolidation data during the entire consolidation process, and their uncertainty can be quantified through the obtained posterior probability density functions. Additionally, the optimal models are also determined from among 9 model candidates. The analyses indicate that the optimal models can describe the creep behavior of intact soft soils under different loading durations, and the adopted method can evaluate the effect of loading duration on uncertainty in the creep analysis. The uncertainty of a specific model and its model parameters decreases as more creep data are involved in the updating process, and the updated models that use more creep data can better capture the deformation behavior of an intact sample. The proposed method can provide quantified uncertainty in the process of model updating and assist engineers to decide whether the creep test data are sufficient for the creep analysis.     

Reconstruction of cropland change in European countries using integrated multisource data since AD 1800

Credible historical land use/cover data are very important for past global change research. This study generates a set of integrated reconstruction methods based on multisource data and produces a new set of improved historical cropland data sets in Europe over the past 200 years. For AD 2000, FAO data, existing research results and statistical data are integrated. For AD 1900, a method of integrating two sets of independent historical agricultural land data by correction and validation and supplemented by other historical cropland data are developed. For AD 1850 and 1800, a methodological scheme of diversified proxy integrative technology and methods based on multisource data is constructed. In this new data set, quantitative reconstructions for AD 1900, 1850 and 1800 are improved to account for 100, 78 and 57% of all European countries, respectively. The reconstruction results show that each region in Europe has been in different stage of historical agricultural development. More than 86% of the countries’ cropland area and its proportion peaked in AD 1900 or did not exceed the data for AD 2000. Specifically, a high reclamation zone gradually formed from France to Ukraine, in which every country’s cropland fraction was ≥40% during AD 1800–1900. From AD 1900–2000, the highly cultivated region contracted, and the centre of higher cropland proportions shifted to eastern Europe and Poland, Czechia and Hungary. The cropland area was systematically underestimated by HYDE3.2, with a relative difference ratio of −20 to −30% between HYDE3.2 and this study. Historical empirical data were used for only 32% of countries in HYDE3.2. This method of multiproxy integrated reconstruction is applicable to other regions of the world and it would be worth attempting to apply it to earlier historical European cropland data sets in the future.     

辽宁西部早白垩世朝阳翼龙科 (Chaoyangopteridae)化石一新种

中国辽宁西部早白垩世翼龙类化石非常丰富,其上部的九佛堂组翼龙类组合以含有丰富的无齿的古神翼龙科、朝阳翼龙科等进步类型而与下部的义县组翼龙类组合相区别。本文描述了辽宁西部建昌盆地九佛堂组一新的大型翼龙类化石,其以上下颌无齿、吻端指数为3.7、前颌骨背支细长且封闭鼻眶前孔背缘、很大的鼻眶前孔后端超过上下颌关节位置、轭骨的上颌骨突基部宽大而应被归入朝阳翼龙科(Chaoyangopteridae)神州翼龙属(Shenzhoupterus)。其以较大的体形(翼展2.05 m)、平直的上下颌咬合面、轭骨的眶后骨突较泪骨突长且基部略宽、第4～7颈椎长度依次减小等特征,区别于朝阳神州翼龙(Shenzhoupterus chaoyangensis),而被命名为三亚神州翼龙(新种)(Shenzhoupterus sanyainus sp. nov.)。这是辽宁西部早白垩世翼展最大且不具牙齿的翼龙类属种,它的发现丰富了九佛堂组翼龙类组合内容,对认识朝阳翼龙科的骨骼形态与生态习性亦具有积极意义。     

准噶尔盆地断拗转换期剥蚀厚度及其分布规律

准噶尔盆地为我国重要的陆上含油气盆地, 对其进行地层剥蚀厚度恢复能够有效地研究盆地演化历史以及油气资源评价.通过分析声波时差法的方法原理及其适用条件, 认为此方法适用于恢复准噶尔盆地断拗转换期剥蚀地层的厚度.实际计算结果表明: 断拗转换期上、中二叠统之间为主不整合, 剥蚀厚度大; 三叠系与二叠系之间形成次级不整合, 盆地剥蚀厚度相对较大, 区域位于西部盆缘地带, 自北西向南东剥蚀量逐步降低, 至盆地中心剥蚀量最低.各构造单元中, 凸起相比于凹陷所遭受的剥蚀程度较大, 反映古地貌呈现盆地西北缘高、腹部低的地形特征, 同时反映准噶尔盆地断拗转换期二叠纪晚期至三叠纪早期改造具西强东弱、边缘强内部弱的特点.     

北羌塘盆地三叠系康南组砂岩地球化学特征及其对物源区和构造背景的制约

沉积盆地中碎屑砂岩的地球化学特征主要受物源区的制约,分析碎屑砂岩的化学成分可以揭示盆地砂岩的物源属性和构造背景。笔者对北羌塘盆地三叠系康南组碎屑砂岩进行全岩分析。样品具有高SiO2含量,K2O/Na2O值变化较大,TFe2O3+MgO含量中等。稀土元素配分模式图显示富集轻稀土元素,（La/Yb）N=3.96~9.25,平均为6.32,δEu明显负异常;δCe呈弱负异常。碱土金属元素和化学蚀变指数（CIA）以及成分变异指数（IPV）说明其源区物质较新鲜,成熟度相对较低,化学风化作用较弱-中等。此外,微量元素Th/U、La/Sc、Th/Sc等值以及TiO2-Ni、La/Th-Hf、Co/Th-La/Sc和Th/Sc-La/Sc源岩判别图解反映砂岩的物源具有长英质特征。砂岩的SiO2-K2O/Na2O、La-Th、La/Y-Sc/Cr双变量图解,La-Th-Sc、Th-Sc-Zr/10、Th-Co-Zr/10三变量图解以及Th/U、Rb/Sr等值表明北羌塘三叠系康南组碎屑砂岩的物源区构造背景以大陆岛弧为主,兼有被动大陆边缘构造背景特征。