西藏蛇绿岩中二种合金矿物新变种

在西藏雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的东部，距拉萨200km的泽当罗莎蛇绿岩的铬铁矿中，发现有种类繁多的合金矿物，铬铁镍矿和依铁镍矿就是其中二种。铬铁镍矿分子式：Ni0.41Fe0.35Cr0.24，为等轴晶系，空间群为Fm3m，晶胞参数a=0.35622(2)nm。铱铁镍矿分子式：Ni0.66Fe0.18Ir0.16，属等轴晶系，空间群Oh^5-Fm3m，晶胞参数a=0.46486(4)mm。     

Dissolved and particulate trace metals and their partitioning in a hypoxic estuary: The Tanshui Estuary in Northern Taiwan

The distribution and partitioning of trace metals (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn) between dissolved and particulate phases were studied in the Tanshui Estuary. The upper reach of the estuary is hypoxic and heavily polluted due to domestic and industrial discharges. The concentration ranges of dissolved and leachable particulate trace metals in the Tanshui Estuary were: Co: 0.3–6.1 nM, 1.8–18.6 mg kg⁻¹; Cu: 5–53 nM, 22–500 mg kg⁻¹; Fe: 388–3,364 nM, 1.08–6.67%; Mn: 57–2,914 nM, 209–1,169 mg kg⁻¹; Ni: 7–310 nM, 6–108 mg kg⁻¹; and Zn: 12–176 nM, 62–1,316 mg kg⁻¹; respectively. The dissolved concentrations of the metals were 2–35 times higher than the average values of the world river water. The distributions of dissolved and particulate studied metals, except Mn, in the estuary showed scattering, which could be attributed to the discharges from many industrial wastewater disposal works located in the upper tributaries. The daily input of dissolved metals from the disposal works to the Tanshui Estuary ranged from 0.1–0.4 tons. Dissolved Mn was nearly conservative in the region with salinity higher than 10 psu, while particulate Mn decreased in the region with salinity of 10–15 psu. The concentration increased significantly seawards, corresponding with the distribution of dissolved oxygen. The distribution coefficient (K_D) for Mn in the lower estuary was nearly three orders of magnitude higher than in the upper estuary. This phenomenon may be attributed to the diffusion of Mn from the anoxic sediment in the upper estuary and gradual oxidation into particulate Mn in the middle and lower estuary as the estuarine water became more oxygenated. The distribution coefficient for Cu decreased with increasing salinity. The percentages of trace metals bound by suspended particulate matter decreased in the following order: Fe>Zn, Cu>Co>Mn>Ni.     

昆仑山口西8.1级地震在四川地区的前兆异常效应

对昆仑口西8.1级地震发生前后四川地区地震前兆监测台网的测值曲线进行了系统的清理，发现存在有明显的孕震效应和震时效应，异常效应的幅度很大，容易鉴别，这对人类认识特大地震的影响场很有意义。     

Velocity profile of a sand cloud blowing over a gravel surface

Particle dynamic analyzer (PDA) measurement technology was used to study the turbulent characteristics and the variation with height of the mean horizontal (in the downwind direction) and vertical (in the upward direction) particle velocity of a sand cloud blowing over a gravel surface. The results show that the mean horizontal particle velocity of the cloud increases with height, while the mean vertical velocity decreases with height. The variation of the mean horizontal velocity with height is, to some extent, similar to the wind profile that increases logarithmically with height in the turbulent boundary layer. The variation of the mean vertical velocity with height is much more complex than that of the mean horizontal velocity. The increase of the resultant mean velocity with height can be expressed by a modified power function. Particle turbulence in the downwind direction decreases with height, while that in the vertical direction is complex. For fine sands (0.2–0.3 mm and 0.3–0.4 mm), there is a tendency for the particle turbulence to increase with height. In the very near-surface layer (<4 mm), the movement of blown sand particles is very complex due to the rebound of particles on the bed and the interparticle collisions in the air. Wind starts to accelerate particle movement about 4 mm from the surface. The initial rebound on the bed and the interparticle collisions in the air have a profound effect on particle movement below that height, where particle concentration is very high and wind velocity is very low.     

平原河网区域来水组成原理

对于一般树状分布河网，上一级河道总是汇入至下一级河道，位于河道下游断面的流量总是由其上游汇集而至。但对于平原河网地区，特别是人工控制建筑物众多，又受潮汐影响的地区(如太湖流域)，河网错综复杂，水流方向不定，要跟踪某个断面的水流去向，或某个河段的水体、断面流量是从哪里汇集而来的，非常困难。但这样的问题在生产实践中往往对其很感兴趣。例如从常熟枢纽引长江水流进入望虞河后，流向何处?河网各断面流量中或各河段水体中常熟枢纽引江水量占多少比重?对这些问题的研究可以估计常熟枢纽引江的效果和影响范围。因此，平原河网区域来水组成方法在生产实践中具有重要意义。重点介绍了平原河网区域来水组成原理及其在太湖流域的应用。     

数字化气氡观测干扰因素的分析研究

在进行地下流体数字化气氡观测及将观测资料应用于震情分析的过程中 ,发现某些干扰因素对数字化气氡观测和水氡的影响不同。在目前所用观测仪器和方法的条件下 ,气温对气氡值的影响系数为 - 0 4 % /℃ ;气压对气氡测值的影响系数为 0 1% /hPa ;不同类型的气水分离装置对气氡观测的影响很显著 ;同一含水层的井 (泉 )出水量的短期变化可引起观测水井流量的变化 ,但对气氡测值影响不显著 ;气氡测值对逸出气流量的变化反映不明显 ;逸出气含有杂质及气路泄漏等均会引起测值的下降。结合仪器的工作原理 ,对干扰产生的机制以及排除的方法进行了讨论     

Principle and mathematical method for inverting stress State of a medium from the remote sensing data

It has been proved through experiments that the electromagnetic radiation energy of a substance will vary when stress acts on the substance. This moment, the electromagnetic radiation energy (observation value) received by the remote sensor is triggered not only by the substance temperature and also by the stress. Separating quantitatively these two kinds of electromagnetic radiation energy and then inversing the actual temperature state and stress state of a medium is a matter with practical significance in earthquake prediction and stability monitoring for the large-scale geotechnical engineering. In this paper the principle and the mathematical method for inversing stress by using multiband remote sensing data are discussed in detail. A calculation example is listed.     

Flexural subsidence by 29 Ma on the NE edge of Tibet from the magnetostratigraphy of Linxia Basin, China

This study provides a detailed magnetostratigraphic record of subsidence in the Linxia Basin, documenting a 27 Myr long sedimentary record from the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. Deposition in the Linxia Basin began at 29 Ma and continued nearly uninterruptedly until 1.7 Ma. Increasing rates of subsidence between 29 and 6 Ma in the Linxia Basin suggest deposition in the foredeep portion of a flexural basin and constrain the timing of shortening in the northeastern margin of the plateau to Late Oligocene–Late Miocene time. By Late Miocene–Early Pliocene time, a decrease in subsidence rates in the Linxia Basin associated with thrust faulting and a 10° clockwise rotation in the basin indicates that the deformation front of the Tibetan plateau had propagated into the currently deforming region northeast of the plateau.     

辽宁义县—北票地区义县组地层层序——义县阶标准地层剖面建立和研究之一

义县地区广义的义县组可解体为王家屯组 (暂命名 )和义县组 ;分属王家屯和义县火山旋回 ,前者为偏酸、偏碱性 ,后者主体为中基性、末期为中酸性火山岩系 ,并广泛发育潜火山岩相的玄武玢岩、安山玢岩和火山集块角砾熔岩筒。该区有七个主要沉积层 ,自下而上分别为王家屯组马神庙层、义县组老公沟层、业南沟层、砖城子层、大康堡层、朱家沟层和金刚山层 ;产有较丰富的无脊椎动物、脊椎动物和植物化石。以砖城子层、大康堡层和金刚山层为界 ,义县火山旋回可划分为 4个亚旋回 ,分别代表火山活动的初始期、主期、晚期和末期。北票四合屯地区的义县组相当义县地区义县组的第一和第二亚旋回 ,含鸟类化石的主沉积层 (尖山沟层和上园层 )可与砖城子层对比     

基于遗传算法的线要素自动化简模型

线划要素是地图上大量存在的最基本的地图要素，作为自动综合的一个重要方面，它的化简受到了极大的关注。在分析总结现有线划要素化简方法的基础上，依据遗传算法的基本原理和方法，建立了地图上线划要素的化简模型，并讨论了基于遗传算法的线要素自动化简方法中的关键问题，给出了具体的操作步骤和实验结果。结果表明，利用遗传算法对线要素进行化简能够比较好地保持线要素的整体形状，同时还对点具有很高的压缩率。