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31.
32.
Laurent Jolivet Fabien Trotet Patrick Monié Olivier Vidal Bruno Goffé Loïc Labrousse Philippe Agard Bad'r Ghorbal 《Tectonophysics》2010,480(1-4):133-148
Syn-orogenic detachments in accretionary wedges make the exhumation of high-pressure and low-temperature metamorphic rocks possible with little erosion. The velocity of exhumation within the subduction channel or the accretionary complex, and thus the shape of P–T paths, depend upon the kinematic boundary conditions. A component of slab retreat tends to open the channel and facilitates the exhumation. We document the effect of slab retreat on the shape of P–T paths using the example of the Phyllite–Quartzite Nappe that has been exhumed below the Cretan syn-orogenic detachment during the Miocene in Crete and the Peloponnese. Data show a clear tendency toward colder conditions at peak pressure and during exhumation where the intensity of slab retreat is larger. This spatial evolution of P–T gradient is accompanied with an evolution from a partly coaxial regime below the Peloponnese section of the detachment toward a clearly non-coaxial regime in Crete. 相似文献
33.
The effect of chrysotile nanotubes on the serpentine-fluid Li-isotopic fractionation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bernd Wunder Fabien Deschamps Anke Watenphul Stéphane Guillot Anette Meixner Rolf L. Romer Richard Wirth 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2010,159(6):781-790
We determined the lithium isotope fractionation between synthetic Li-bearing serpentine phases lizardite, chrysotile, antigorite,
and aqueous fluid in the P,T range 0.2–4.0 GPa, 200–500°C. For experiments in the systems lizardite-fluid and antigorite-fluid, 7Li preferentially partitioned into the fluid and Δ7Li values followed the T-dependent fractionation of Li-bearing mica-fluid (Wunder et al. 2007). By contrast, for chrysotile-fluid experiments, 7Li weakly partitioned into chrysotile. This contrasting behavior might be due to different Li environments in the three serpentine
varieties: in lizardite and antigorite lithium is sixfold coordinated, whereas in chrysotile lithium is incorporated in two
ways, octahedrally and as Li-bearing water cluster filling the nanotube cores. Low-temperature IR spectroscopic measurements
of chrysotile showed significant amounts of water, whose freezing point was suppressed due to the Li contents and the confined
geometry of the fluid within the tubes. The small inverse Li-isotopic fractionation for chrysotile-fluid results from intra-crystalline
Li isotope fractionation of octahedral Li[6] with preference to 6Li and lithium within the channels (Li[Ch]) of chrysotile, favoring 7Li. The nanotubes of chrysotile possibly serve as important carrier of Li and perhaps also of other fluid-mobile elements
in serpentinized oceanic crust. This might explain higher Li abundances for low-T chrysotile-bearing serpentinites relative to high-T serpentinites. Isotopically heavy Li-bearing fluids of chrysotile nanotubes could be released at relatively shallow depths
during subduction, prior to complete chrysotile reactions to form antigorite. During further subduction, fluids produced during
breakdown of serpentine phases will be depleted in 7Li. This behavior might explain some of the Li-isotopic heterogeneities observed for serpentinized peridotites. 相似文献
34.
Fabien Stalport Yuan Yong Guan Patrice Coll Frédérique Macari Didier Chaput Hervé Cottin 《Planetary and Space Science》2010,58(12):1617-1624
The detection and identification of carbonates on Mars are of prime importance to establish the evolution of its atmosphere, correlated to the history of the liquid water, or even to determine the existence of a possible ancient biological activity. Till date, no large deposits of carbonates have been found. In fact, their detection is specific to local areas and in very low amounts. The absence of such deposits is commonly attributed to the harsh environmental conditions at the surface of Mars. Additionally, the presence of UV radiation has been proposed to explain their photodecomposition and hence their absence. However, contradictory results from laboratory experiments mimicking Mars’ surface UV radiation did not resolve the behaviour of carbonates in such an environment, which is why we exposed, in low Earth orbit and in laboratory experiments, both abiotic and biotic calcium carbonates to UV radiation of wavelength above 200 nm, the same spectral distribution as the one reaching the surface of Mars. For low Earth orbit (LEO) exposure, this was done for the UVolution experiment on board the BIOPAN ESA module, which was set outside a Russian Foton automated capsule, and exposed to space conditions for 12 days in September 2007. The targeted carbonates are biominerals and abiotic samples. Our laboratory results mainly show that the exposed carbonates appear to be stable to UV radiation if directly exposed to it. The LEO experiment results tend to the same conclusion, but the integrated exposition time to Solar UV during the experiment is not sufficient to be conclusive. However, the stability of the biominerals derived from the laboratory experiment could strengthen the interest to explore deeper their potential as life records at Mars. Hence, they should be considered as primary targets for in situ analyses during future missions. 相似文献
35.
On the basis of sedimentological analysis of two cores taken at Chatillon, Lake Le Bourget (northern French Pre‐Alps), and well dated by radiocarbon dates in addition to tree ring dates obtained from an archaeological layer, this paper presents a high‐resolution lake‐level record for the period 4500–3500 cal. a BP. The collected data provide evidence of a complex palaeohydrological (climatic) oscillation spanning the ca. 4300–3850 cal. BP time interval, with major lake‐level maxima at ca. 4200 and 4050–3850 cal. a BP separated by a lowering episode around 4100 cal. a BP. The lake‐level highstands observed at Chatillon between 4300 and 3850 cal. BP appear to be synchronous with (i) a major flooding period recorded in deep cores from the large lakes Le Bourget and Bodensee, and (ii) glacier advance and tree line decline in the Alps. Such wetter and cooler climatic conditions in west‐central Europe around 4000 cal. a BP may have been a nonlinear response to decrease and seasonal changes in insolation. They may also provide a possible explanation for the general abandonment of prehistoric lake dwellings north of the Alps between 4360 and 3750 cal. a BP. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
36.
Current Trends and Demands in Visualization in the Geosciences 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Geosciences, along with many other disciplines in science and engineering, faces an exponential increase in the amount of
data generated from observation, experiment and large-scale, high-resolution 3-D numerical simulations. In this communication
we describe the fundamentals of visualization necessary to meet these challenges. We present several alternative methodologies
such as 2D/3D feature extraction, segmentation methods, and flow topology, to help better understand the physical structure
of the data. We use AMIRA from TGS to demonstrate our concepts. Examples are drawn from fields in computational fluid dynamics,
3-D mantle convection and seismic tomography. Finally, we present our perspective on the future of visualization. 相似文献
37.
John D. Monnier Stefan Kraus Michael J. Ireland Fabien Baron Amelia Bayo Jean-Philippe Berger Michelle Creech-Eakman Ruobing Dong Gaspard Duchêne Catherine Espaillat Chris Haniff Sebastian Hönig Andrea Isella Attila Juhasz Lucas Labadie Sylvestre Lacour Stephanie Leifer Antoine Merand Ernest Michael Stefano Minardi Christoph Mordasini David Mozurkewich Johan Olofsson Claudia Paladini Romain Petrov Jörg-Uwe Pott Stephen Ridgway Stephen Rinehart Keivan Stassun Jean Surdej Theo ten Brummelaar Neal Turner Peter Tuthill Kerry Vahala Gerard van Belle Gautam Vasisht Ed Wishnow John Young Zhaohuan Zhu 《Experimental Astronomy》2018,46(3):517-529
The Planet Formation Imager (PFI, www.planetformationimager.org) is a next-generation infrared interferometer array with the primary goal of imaging the active phases of planet formation in nearby star forming regions. PFI will be sensitive to warm dust emission using mid-infrared capabilities made possible by precise fringe tracking in the near-infrared. An L/M band combiner will be especially sensitive to thermal emission from young exoplanets (and their disks) with a high spectral resolution mode to probe the kinematics of CO and H2O gas. In this paper, we give an overview of the main science goals of PFI, define a baseline PFI architecture that can achieve those goals, point at remaining technical challenges, and suggest activities today that will help make the Planet Formation Imager facility a reality. 相似文献
38.
Fabien Arnaud Joël Serralongue Thierry Winiarski Marc Desmet Martine Paterne 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2006,338(4):244-252
In Lake Anterne (NW French Alps), the Roman period is characterised by a lead contamination more important than that of the 1970s, due to the use of leaded gasoline. The maximum of this contamination period has been varve-dated 220 AD, i.e., during the optimum of Roman civilization in the Alps. Crossing palaeoenvironmental and archaeological evidences points out the economic importance of the town of Passy for the City of Vienne and yields a new example of lead contamination due to local metallurgical activity rather than distant impact of the exploitation of the Spanish Rio Tinto mine. To cite this article: F. Arnaud et al., C. R. Geoscience 338 (2005). 相似文献
39.
Roberto Bertoni Wade H. Jeffrey Mireille Pujo-Pay Louise Oriol Pascal Conan Fabien Joux 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2011,73(3):377-387
The scaling of the solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 280–400 nm) effect on phyto- and bacterio-plankton at the ecosystem level
is difficult since its estimate is often based on short-time incubation experiments performed at fixed depths, neglecting
the previous days’ radiation history and the variable radiation caused by vertical mixing. To examine this issue, we measured
primary (PP) and bacterial (BP) production in samples from coastal water in the Northwest Mediterranean Sea incubated at fixed
depths or moving vertically within the water column (0–8 m) with a periodicity of 22 min, exposed to full sun, PAR or maintained
in dark. Three experiments were carried out on consecutive days to measure day-to-day variations in planktonic response. In
surface waters, PP was inhibited by ~32 to 42% by UVR, and BP was inhibited by ~50 to 70% by solar radiation (UVR + PAR).
We observed a general decrease in the integrated inhibition of PP due to UVR for both fixed and moving incubations over the
3 days from ~27% of inhibition to non-significant inhibition. In contrast, large discrepancies were observed in the integrated
inhibition of BP due to solar radiation (UVR + PAR) between fixed and moving incubations. Whereas both type of incubations
gave similar estimation of solar radiation inhibition on day 1 (~25%), inhibition became much higher for fixed incubation
compared to moving incubation on days 2 and 3. Differences in responses between days suggest that light history, spectral
quality, photoadaptation or acclimation may be important factors in daily observed responses. Our results also underline,
for the first time, the importance of the vertical mixing in the BP inhibition by solar radiation. 相似文献
40.
Afroosa M. Rohith B. Paul Arya Durand Fabien Bourdallé-Badie Romain Joseph Sudheer Prerna S. Shenoi S. S. C. 《Ocean Dynamics》2022,72(7):523-538
Ocean Dynamics - An intraseasonal see-saw has been observed in the Indo-Pacific barotropic sea level anomaly during boreal winters. This see-saw carries a significant amount of energy and is... 相似文献