并行计算技术及其在勘探地球物理学中的现状与展望

本文详细阐述了并行计算技术及其在地球物理勘探数据处理中的发展现状和发展趋势,分析了几个代表性的并行算法实例.这些结果表明,在拥有强大的并行机的基础上,基于并行计算开发环境(MPI和PVM等)设计高效的并行算法,通过分配合理的并行粒度、通信开销、负载平衡等执行高效的并行计算,可以有效加快处理速度、降低成本.目前,并行算法在地震数据处理中应用已较为成熟,近年来向更实用的基于PC机群的并行技术发展.然而,在非地震方法中,并行算法应用较少见文献报道,研究尚处于初级研究阶段.在大地电磁的二维和三维正、反演问题上,并行计算技术逐渐得到越来越多关注和重视.随着资源和能源需求的增长,地球物理勘探向深度和广度快速发展,大幅增长的数据量使得高性能并行计算机和高效的并行算法在勘探地球物理学中的发展和应用将占据愈来愈重要的地位.     

Ridge subduction and porphyry copper-gold mineralization:An overview

Many large porphyry Cu-Au deposits are connected to adakitic rocks known to be closely associated with ridge subduction. For example, there are several subducting ridges along the east Pacific margin, e.g., in Chile, Peru, and South America, most of which are associated with large porphyry Cu-Au deposits. In contrast, there are much fewer ridge subductions on the west Pacific margin and porphyry Cu-Au deposits are much less there, both in terms of tonnage and the number of deposits. Given that Cu and Au are...     

Principal aspects of the Ordovician biotic radiation

The Ordovician radiation is among the major bioevents in earth history that have drawn great attention from geologists all over the world, and there have been hundreds of publications treating various aspects of this radiation. The study of the event involves a broad spectrum of research fields and concerns many scientific questions. Many opinions and hypotheses have been proposed on the triggering and controlling factors of the radiation. Herein the authors critically review the study of the Ordovician rad...     

高原季风对500hPa中纬度西风带活动的影响

利用1948--2008年NCEP／NCAR逐月再分析资料和1958—2007年中国560站夏季降水资料,设计了一个区域西风指数,探讨了高原夏季风和500百帕中纬度西风带活动的时间一频率多层次年际、年代际时间尺度变化特征以及对我国夏季降水的影响。结果表明：高原夏季风对区域西风带活动具有显著的影响,近61年来,两者总体变化趋势相反,前者增强后者减弱。除了都具有1—2年、27—28年和线性趋势变化的共同周期外,还呈现出各自的周期变化,并且均发生过一次年代际气候跃变现象,前者发生在20世纪70年代中期,后者发生在80年代中期,高原夏季风由偏弱转为偏强,区域西风由偏强转入偏弱,在跃变前后两者各种周期的时间尺度和强度存在明显的不同。如果排除1—2年周期的不确定性,预计接下来高原夏季风将直接进入偏弱期,区域西风指数可能在3—4年后才转入偏强期,并且高原夏季风会比区域西风指数提前发生突变,对区域西风指数具有一定的指示意义。高原夏季风不仅自身对我国夏季降水产生重要的作用,同时,它通过影响中纬度西风带的活动,间接地影响着我国的夏季降水。     

近46年中国冬季日均气温及极端温度的变化

应用1961—2006年我国599个站的冬季逐日平均温度资料,分析了冬季各月最低（高）日均温度、低温日数及三种极端温度指数的变化趋势。结果表明冬季各月最低、最高温度的变化均呈明显上升趋势,2月份升温最显著,日均气温低于5℃的冷日数和日均气温低于-10℃的严寒日数在冬季各月都是减少的。全国近46年冬季极端低温日数呈明显减少的趋势,1986年出现一次跃变,2006年最少;极端高温日数普遍增加,1995年出现跃变,1998年达到峰值;霜冻日数在27°N-46°N间区域显著减少,跃变点在1987年,最低值出现在1998年。     

CO_2地质储存潜力与适宜性评价方法及初步评价

借鉴国外CO2地质储存潜力与适宜性调查评价工作程序,在充分考虑我国复杂的地质背景、CO2地质储存研究现状等因素的基础上,将我国CO2地质储存潜力与适宜性评价工作划分国家级潜力评价阶段、盆地级潜力评价阶段、目标区级潜力评价阶段、场地级评价阶段、灌注、监测运行期评价阶段,按评价精度由低到高,分称为CO2地质储存潜力与适宜性评价E、D、C、B、A级;并对我国CO2地质储存潜力与适宜性进行了E级评价,即运用层次分析-模糊指数法对我国陆相沉积盆地进行了初步筛选,并对其储量进行了计算,认为我国陆上沉积盆地深部咸水含水层是最主要的CO2地质储量场所。     

滑坡位移多重分形特征与滑坡演化预测

在系统分析滑坡位移监测资料和位移演化特征的基础上,根据多重分形理论基本原理,对滑坡位移演化所具有的复杂性、突变性和非线性特征进行了分析和研究。单一分形维数对滑坡位移的演化趋势预测存在不足,文中分别以新滩滑坡、丹巴滑坡和黄蜡石滑坡为例,计算了滑坡位移时序演化的多重分维数演化特征。分析和评价位移演化规律与多重分维数演化特征的关系发现,多重分维数D1 > D2 > … > D∞时,滑坡趋于稳定;D1 < D2 < … < D∞时,滑坡向失稳破坏演化。当滑坡位移时序多重分维数演化特征出现拐点时,即分维数由D1 > D2 > … > D∞,经D1 > … > Dn < Dn+1 < … < D∞到 D1 < D2 < … < D∞的演化过程时,滑坡向不稳定的状态演化;当分维数由D1 < D2 < … < D∞,经D1 > … > Dn D2 > … > D∞的演化过程时,滑坡向趋于稳定的状态演化。研究表明,可以运用多重分维数演化特征对滑坡位移演化趋势与规律进行评价与预测。     

改性土-膨润土竖向隔离墙材料的压缩及渗透特性试验研究

膨润土系竖向隔离墙作为阻滞污染物的工程屏障有效且经济。采用沸石改性传统的土-膨润土竖向隔离墙存在抗腐蚀性弱等耐久性不足的同时,必须考虑其压缩、渗透等工程性质的变化。通过一维压缩固结试验,研究了不同沸石及膨润土掺量下膨润土系隔离墙材料的压缩固结和渗透特性。引入评价天然重塑黏土的压缩、渗透特性的归一化孔隙比e/eL和评价天然重塑黏土固有压缩特性的孔隙指数Iv两种归一化评价体系,进一步探讨了添加沸石改性前后膨润土系竖向隔离墙混合土的压缩和渗透特性。     

泥质软岩地基水平抗力系数研究

通过室内水平静载试验和数值模拟对泥质软岩地基水平抗力系数的比例系数m进行研究,给出m值参考值,并讨论了影响地基岩土m值的因素,研究结果表明：试验所用的南宁盆地第三系泥岩m值取值范围为17～35 MN/m4,桩径大时取小值,埋深大时取大值;用ANSYS模拟水平静载试验,计算出的m值与室内试验值十分接近,可为今后数值计算m值提供参考。经分析m值的影响因素后认为适当增加桩的埋深、控制岩土含水率及提高混凝土的浇灌质量等可以提高m值     

PRE-ASSESSMENT OF EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LOSSES BASED ON FIELD SURVEY AND KILOMETER GRID DATASET: A CASE STUDY FROM DEHONG DAI-JINGPO AUTONOMOUS PREFECTURE

The pre-assessment of earthquake damage based on field surveys and grid dataset in 1km resolution is very helpful for emergency preparedness and mitigation of earthquake disaster losses.In this paper,we briefly introduced the contents,principles,methods and the results of software assessment as well as the revised results after field surveys.In addition,the emergency supplies and manpower requirements after the outbreak of earthquake are discussed.The assessment contents include the earthquake affected area and population,the amount of casualties,injuries,economic losses,and the number of population to be resettled.Scenario earthquake is set with an interval of 50 kilometers along the major faults and the losses induced by earthquake are outputted by the software.After that,the software outputs are revised based on field surveys.In addition,according to the earthquake cases happening between 2008 and 2015,the growth curve model used to estimate the demand of rescue supplies and teams is also proposed in this study.Based on this model and the software named earthquake emergency disaster rapid assessment and dynamic visualized software (NIE Gao-zhong,2014),and with the help of the statistical data such as population density and socio-economic situations,earthquake losses are pre-assessed by taking Dehong Dai-Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture as an example.The comparison shows that the actual losses are nearly the same as the software outputs.However,due to the ignorance of the casualties caused by geological disasters,the revised casualties are more than the software output.Not only the study area discussed in this paper,the earthquake loss assessment method can also be used to other regions in China.