桂林-阳朔地区DEM地形特征与岩性相关性分析及分类研究

地形地貌是岩性解译的重要信息,地形因子作为描述DEM数字曲面几何特征的定量指标参数,可用来定量化表达不同岩性所在地区地形地貌特征。本文以桂林-阳朔地区为研究区,研究地形因子数学、地质意义,建立岩性与地形因子组合间的定量关联,进而实现岩石类型划分。本文基于ASTERGDEM提取坡度、起伏度等12个地形因子,在分析各个地形因子地质意义基础上,通过聚类分析及方差分析的多元统计分析方法,研究各岩性地形因子特性及其关联性,建立研究区岩性之间的定量差异;此外,利用因子分析方法研究岩性分类过程中的主导因素,确定适宜岩性分类方法以实现定量化岩性分类。实验结果表明：不同岩性、不同地形地貌的地形因子（组合）之间具有显著差异,基于因子分析得到的宏观地形复杂度指数（MTI）以及微观曲率指数（MCI）对岩石类型的分类精度达77.36%。研究表明,地形复杂度等地形因子可用于岩性分类,采用因子分析方法可获取反映地形地貌宏观、微观特征的定量指标,且岩性分类效果良好。     

基于TCP-InSAR的采动区铁路动态沉降监测与时序分析

为高效获取采动区长时间序列形变,监控煤炭开采对矿区铁路的影响,研究一种基于TCP-InSAR(temporarily coherent point interferometric synthetic aperture radar)的采动区铁路形变监测方法。该方法根据时间序列SAR影像间的相干性,选取临时相干点构建Delaunay三角网,并通过离群值探测去除具有相位模糊度的TCP间的弧段,最后采用最小二乘解算得到区域地表变形。实验使用2016-10～2017-04时间段内的15景Sentinel-1A数据,利用TCP-InSAR技术获得某矿区的铁路形变。结果表明,受采动影响,该时间段内铁路最大下沉值为95mm,最大倾斜坡度为0.37‰。利用TCP-InSAR技术可实现采动区内铁路长时间的动态形变监测。     

基于KiK-net数据的偏振分析方法计算震中方位角影响因素分析

基于日本KiK-net强震动观测记录,以提高计算震中方位角的准确性为目标,研究记录参量(加速度、速度、位移)、计算时间窗和滤波频带对偏振分析方法计算震中方位角结果的影响。结果表明,在该研究的地震数据条件下,采用位移记录、计算时间窗为1s、滤波频带取0.1～20Hz时,可以获得最佳的震中方位角计算结果,震中方位角的计算偏差为45°时所占比例为88%。     

全球海潮模型最新进展及在中国沿海精度评估

介绍TPXO、FES、Chinatide、MIKE Global Tide、Utide等典型海潮模型,总结归纳其同化潮汐数据来源和最新的海洋地形数据,利用我国沿岸长期验潮站以外的26个中短期潮位观测站评估TPXO等海潮模型预报精度。结果表明,全球海潮模型对我国沿海M2分潮的预报精度普遍较低,且主导了几种海潮模型在中国海域的整体预报精度;相比MIKE Global Tide和TPXO7.2,TPXO8、TPXO_Yellow Sea 2010和TPXO_China&Ind模型在我国沿海的预报精度更高。     

渤海海冰中太阳辐射的光谱特征观测研究

通过采用多光谱仪器,对渤海营口港一带的近岸固定冰进行了3个站位11个谱段的入射辐射、反射辐射和透射辐射随时间变化过程的观测和研究。结果表明,发生在海冰中的反射辐射和透射辐射与入射太阳辐射的谱分布有明显差别,而且有显著的日变化。文章确立了入射辐射、反射辐射和透射辐射随时间的变化与太阳高度角的正弦成精确的线性关系,海冰的积分反照率与太阳高度角的正弦满足二次函数关系,可将不同时刻的观测值归算到正午时刻的辐射值,使不同时刻的观测结果具有可比性。计算结果表明,海冰只衰减特定强度的辐射,衰减量与入射辐射光谱分布以及辐射的强度无关,导致绿光的透射辐射最强。该文是对渤海海冰透射辐射的初步尝试,所获得的结果对未来大范围海冰光学观测打下了基础。     

BTEX anomalies used as indicators of submarine oil and gas reservoirs

It is a conventional method for petroleum prospecting to generally use paraffin hydrocarbon as basic indexes of oil and gas. This conventional geochemical technology, however, shows some limits in the prospecting as paraffin is vulnerable to influences from human and biologic activities. Consequently, BTEX (short for benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylem, which are direct biomarkers) among aromatic hydrocarbon series has been taken into account for the oil and gas prediction. Domestic and foreign study results demonstrate that BTEX is hardly disturbed and can well indicate oil and gas reservoirs. Based on measured data from a South China Sea area, the present authors have used self-developed visual assessment software for petroleum prospecting has been used to process data, strip background anomalies, and outline significant BTEX anomalies. By comparison with stratigraphic profiles of the target area, it is confirmed that BTEX is a good indication of marine oil and gas during the petroleum prospecting.     

Distribution characteristics of heavy metals in surface sediments and core sediments of the Shenzhen Bay in Guangdong Province, China

The concentration of zinc, chromium, cadmium, nickel, lead and copper was measured on both surface sediments and core sediments in the Shenzhen Bay. The average contents of all metals have exceeded the background values in the coastal zone of Guangdong Province. Cadmium is a heavy pollution matter which indicates a strong pollution level according to the ecological risk coefficient method. The ecological risk index of the whole area is 299 which belongs to middle and strong level. The area with strong pollution level is the near shore area closing to the inside of Shenzhen Bay, Shakou area is in the middle level while the weak pollution level occurs in Shenzhenhe Estuary according to ecological risk index. The four sediment cores can be divided into two parts based on lead-210 dating, sediments size analysis and economic development period in surrounding areas since 1950 with strong human intervention. The sediment size, deposition rate and human activities have positive relationship with the contents of heavy metals which directly impact the pollution level of heavy metals in sediments in Shenzhen Bay.     

Adaptive Predictive Inverse Control of Offshore Jacket Platform Based on Rough Neural Network

The offshore jacket platform is a complex and time-varying nonlinear system,which can be excited of harmful vibration by external loads.It is difficult to obtain an ideal control performance for passive control methods or traditional active control methods based on accurate mathematic model.In this paper,an adaptive inverse control method is proposed on the basis of novel rough neural networks (RNN) to control the harmful vibration of the offshore jacket platform,and the offshore jacket platform model is established by dynamic stiffness matrix (DSM) method.Benefited from the nonlinear processing ability of the neural networks and data interpretation ability of the rough set theory,RNN is utilized to identify the predictive inverse model of the offshore jacket platform system.Then the identified model is used as the adaptive predictive inverse controller to control the harmful vibration caused by wave and wind loads,and to deal with the delay problem caused by signal transmission in the control process.The numerical results show that the constructed novel RNN has advantages such as clear structure,fast training speed and strong error-tolerance ability,and the proposed method based on RNN can effectively control the harmfid vibration of the offshore jacket platform.     

飞雁滩油田海域刁口河岸滩侵蚀演变规划分析

为了探讨飞雁滩油田海域刁口河岸滩水下三角洲的侵蚀演变规律,根据该海域多年实测水深数据,采用Surfer软件对海岸冲淤总体变化进行了直观分析.应用Origin软件完成了CS3～CS7 5个剖面的水深对比图,通过该图分析了不同年份同一剖面的变化及累计蚀淤深度情况,分析了侵蚀演变的原因及规律,为海岸侵蚀治理与防护提供了理论依据.     

长江口九段沙岸滩的短周期地貌动力过程

根据2006年5～10月(洪季)长江口九段沙上沙两固定断面的逐月滩面高程测量及表层沉积物的粒度分析结果,尤其是应用"碧利斯"台风前后的实测水文地貌资料,结合同期表层悬沙浓度的逐日观测资料,开展了九段沙岸滩地貌动力过程及沉积物对台风响应的研究.结果显示,长江口九段沙上沙东南岸滩演变表现为"岸冲滩淤"的变化规律,即堤岸呈现冲蚀,潮滩在冲淤变化中总体趋于淤积.2006年"碧利斯"台风期间,九段沙上沙波高达2.56 m,增水1 m多,强浪伴随增水,导致滩面平均蚀低6.4 cm,最大蚀深为20.2 cm.台风作用造成滩面冲刷,沉积物粗化,台风过后滩面迅速回淤,粒径变细.这充分表明,暴风浪是引起九段沙上沙岸滩及其沉积物短期突变的重要动力因素.河口潮滩冲淤对流域水沙变化有较敏感响应,长江来水来沙变化是制约潮滩季节性冲淤演化的重要因子.岸滩短期变化主要原因在于波浪掀沙和潮流输沙的联合作用.由于潮流和潮位位相不一致,造成涨潮流携高含沙量水体上滩落淤,落潮流携低含沙量滩水归槽,涨潮输沙淤滩被波浪刷滩所掩盖,如此往复,潮滩淤积.最后分析了上沙抛石堤的护岸保滩作用及不足之处,并提出了加固措施.现有的上沙抛石堤能防御常浪冲刷,受台风浪袭击时仅能抵御堤岸蚀退,石堤自身的毁坏难以避免,需经常修护;在潮沟口应设涵洞;基于台风浪的巨大能量,抛石堤块石需增大增重.该研究结果可为河口湿地的保护和建设提供科学依据.