BTEX anomalies used as indicators of submarine oil and gas reservoirs

It is a conventional method for petroleum prospecting to generally use paraffin hydrocarbon as basic indexes of oil and gas. This conventional geochemical technology, however, shows some limits in the prospecting as paraffin is vulnerable to influences from human and biologic activities. Consequently, BTEX (short for benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylem, which are direct biomarkers) among aromatic hydrocarbon series has been taken into account for the oil and gas prediction. Domestic and foreign study results demonstrate that BTEX is hardly disturbed and can well indicate oil and gas reservoirs. Based on measured data from a South China Sea area, the present authors have used self-developed visual assessment software for petroleum prospecting has been used to process data, strip background anomalies, and outline significant BTEX anomalies. By comparison with stratigraphic profiles of the target area, it is confirmed that BTEX is a good indication of marine oil and gas during the petroleum prospecting.     

Distribution characteristics of heavy metals in surface sediments and core sediments of the Shenzhen Bay in Guangdong Province, China

The concentration of zinc, chromium, cadmium, nickel, lead and copper was measured on both surface sediments and core sediments in the Shenzhen Bay. The average contents of all metals have exceeded the background values in the coastal zone of Guangdong Province. Cadmium is a heavy pollution matter which indicates a strong pollution level according to the ecological risk coefficient method. The ecological risk index of the whole area is 299 which belongs to middle and strong level. The area with strong pollution level is the near shore area closing to the inside of Shenzhen Bay, Shakou area is in the middle level while the weak pollution level occurs in Shenzhenhe Estuary according to ecological risk index. The four sediment cores can be divided into two parts based on lead-210 dating, sediments size analysis and economic development period in surrounding areas since 1950 with strong human intervention. The sediment size, deposition rate and human activities have positive relationship with the contents of heavy metals which directly impact the pollution level of heavy metals in sediments in Shenzhen Bay.     

Adaptive Predictive Inverse Control of Offshore Jacket Platform Based on Rough Neural Network

The offshore jacket platform is a complex and time-varying nonlinear system,which can be excited of harmful vibration by external loads.It is difficult to obtain an ideal control performance for passive control methods or traditional active control methods based on accurate mathematic model.In this paper,an adaptive inverse control method is proposed on the basis of novel rough neural networks (RNN) to control the harmful vibration of the offshore jacket platform,and the offshore jacket platform model is established by dynamic stiffness matrix (DSM) method.Benefited from the nonlinear processing ability of the neural networks and data interpretation ability of the rough set theory,RNN is utilized to identify the predictive inverse model of the offshore jacket platform system.Then the identified model is used as the adaptive predictive inverse controller to control the harmful vibration caused by wave and wind loads,and to deal with the delay problem caused by signal transmission in the control process.The numerical results show that the constructed novel RNN has advantages such as clear structure,fast training speed and strong error-tolerance ability,and the proposed method based on RNN can effectively control the harmfid vibration of the offshore jacket platform.     

飞雁滩油田海域刁口河岸滩侵蚀演变规划分析

为了探讨飞雁滩油田海域刁口河岸滩水下三角洲的侵蚀演变规律,根据该海域多年实测水深数据,采用Surfer软件对海岸冲淤总体变化进行了直观分析.应用Origin软件完成了CS3～CS7 5个剖面的水深对比图,通过该图分析了不同年份同一剖面的变化及累计蚀淤深度情况,分析了侵蚀演变的原因及规律,为海岸侵蚀治理与防护提供了理论依据.     

长江口九段沙岸滩的短周期地貌动力过程

根据2006年5～10月(洪季)长江口九段沙上沙两固定断面的逐月滩面高程测量及表层沉积物的粒度分析结果,尤其是应用"碧利斯"台风前后的实测水文地貌资料,结合同期表层悬沙浓度的逐日观测资料,开展了九段沙岸滩地貌动力过程及沉积物对台风响应的研究.结果显示,长江口九段沙上沙东南岸滩演变表现为"岸冲滩淤"的变化规律,即堤岸呈现冲蚀,潮滩在冲淤变化中总体趋于淤积.2006年"碧利斯"台风期间,九段沙上沙波高达2.56 m,增水1 m多,强浪伴随增水,导致滩面平均蚀低6.4 cm,最大蚀深为20.2 cm.台风作用造成滩面冲刷,沉积物粗化,台风过后滩面迅速回淤,粒径变细.这充分表明,暴风浪是引起九段沙上沙岸滩及其沉积物短期突变的重要动力因素.河口潮滩冲淤对流域水沙变化有较敏感响应,长江来水来沙变化是制约潮滩季节性冲淤演化的重要因子.岸滩短期变化主要原因在于波浪掀沙和潮流输沙的联合作用.由于潮流和潮位位相不一致,造成涨潮流携高含沙量水体上滩落淤,落潮流携低含沙量滩水归槽,涨潮输沙淤滩被波浪刷滩所掩盖,如此往复,潮滩淤积.最后分析了上沙抛石堤的护岸保滩作用及不足之处,并提出了加固措施.现有的上沙抛石堤能防御常浪冲刷,受台风浪袭击时仅能抵御堤岸蚀退,石堤自身的毁坏难以避免,需经常修护;在潮沟口应设涵洞;基于台风浪的巨大能量,抛石堤块石需增大增重.该研究结果可为河口湿地的保护和建设提供科学依据.     

Heterogenous zircons from Mesozoic igneous rocks in the North China Craton and their tectonic implications

Based on a synthesis of zircon inheritance from Mesozoic igneous rocks in the eastern portion of the North China Craton （NCC） , it is proposed that inherited zircons with Neoproterozoie ages identified from these rocks are of a heterogenous derivation from the Yangtze/South China block, rather than from the NCC itself. The mechanism that introduces these zircons incorporated into the NCC is likely by tectonic underplating during the Triassic continental subduction of the Yangtze block beneath the NCC. Tectonic addition of abundant crustal materials represented by the heterogenous zircons into the NCC, probably along Moho or weak interfaces within the NCC＇s crust, led to the crustal thickening in the NCC. These heterogenous materials, either as （partial） source rocks or as contaminants of the magmas generated during an extension environment following the crustal thickening, were reworked and therefore have significant contribution to petrogenesis of the Mesozoic igneous rocks. The crustal thickening resulted from the tectonic underplating, as indicated by the distribution extent of the heterogenous zircons, is spatially similar to that of the lithospheric thinning, with both mainly occurring in the eastern segment of the NCC. This is probably suggestive of an intrinsic relation between the thickening and thinning events during the Mesozoic evolution of the NCC.     

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野外型断层活动连续监测系统

介绍野外型断层活动连续监测系统的组成、布设及主要技术指标。     

涠洲岛潮滩表层沉积物中重金属的空间分布及其环境质量评价

根据2006年4月对涠洲岛潮滩表层沉积物的调查资料,分析了表层沉积物中重金属元素Hg、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As的含量水平及空间分布特征,运用单因子评价法对其环境质量进行了评估,并通过相关性分析、因子分析探讨了几种重金属元素的物源.结果表明:涠洲岛潮滩环境质量状况良好,各元素均未达到污染水平,多数地区存在Cu的玷污,个别地区存在As的玷污;各分析元素较多的累积在人为活动相对频繁的XKZ、W05断面附近区域;Hg、Cu、Zn、Cr显著正相关,以环境背景来源为主,Pb、As较多的受到人为因素的影响.     

红树植物木榄叶中挥发油的化学成分

以正己烷为溶剂,采用回流提取法提取红树植物木榄叶中的挥发油,运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用技术分离检测得到40个峰,鉴定了其中的32种成分,被鉴定成分占挥发油总量的91.92%,其主要成分为烷烃类(30.31%)、萜类化合物(25.22%)、芳香化合物(14.07%)、酸(10.60%)、酯(5.36%)和烯(3.49%).