钙基液态水硬性加固剂用于潮湿土遗址的加固保护

通过对钙基液态水硬性加固剂的研制,对潮湿环境土遗址的加固保护进行了探索性研究。X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）分析结果表明,已成功制出了潮湿土样水硬性加固所需的纳米材料。同时,研究发现,氢氧化钙在650 ℃下用马弗炉煅烧1.5 h后,可得到直径约50 nm、长度约200 nm的针状二次生石灰;这种二次生石灰经水消化后,会成为粒径在200～300 nm左右、大小十分均匀的扁平椭圆状纳米氢氧化钙颗粒;氧化钙在密封陈化一段时间后,也可使氢氧化钙的粒径达到纳米级。土样加固试验的结果显示,纳米石灰的乙醇分散液的渗透性优于分析纯氢氧化钙,钙基水硬性加固剂对潮湿土样的加固效果较为明显,有望成为一种适合于潮湿环境土遗址加固的新型材料。     

珠江三角洲沉积物标准物质研制

为满足近海地球化学调查及资源勘探的需要,研制了3个珠江三角洲沉积物标准物质.样品经干燥、球磨至200目,采用XRF法进行均匀性检验,结果显示方差检验的F实测值均小于列表临界值,证明样品具有较好的均匀性.在2年时间内选取有代表性的元素进行了4次稳定性测试,结果表明样品稳定性良好.共12家实验室参加了合作定值,采用了16种准确可靠的分析方法,最终定值元素70项.该标准物质的研制将为河口三角洲地区地质调查提供可靠的质量保证.     

祁连山区1961—2014年冻融指数时空变化特征

冻融指数不仅对冻土研究具有重要意义,而且是反映气候变化的有用指标。利用祁连山区11个主要气象站点的逐日温度观测值计算了1961—2014年的年大气及地面冻融指数,分析了这些指数的统计与分布特征,并通过非参数Mann-Kendall检验法、Sen斜率估计法及相关性分析法分析了年冻融指数的时空变化趋势。结果表明：祁连山区近54年来冻结指数呈显著下降趋势,融化指数呈显著上升趋势,多年平均大气冻结指数、大气融化指数、地面冻结指数和地面融化指数大致分布在994.3～1 540.9℃·d、1 828.2～2 376.6℃·d、744.7～1 287.3℃·d、2 706.0～3 542.6℃·d之间;其气候倾向率分别为-6.5、6.5、-7.7、9.1℃·d·a^-1。从西北向东南方向,冻结指数表现出中部高,往东西方向逐渐降低的分布特征,而融化指数则相反;冻融指数除了受海拔和纬度综合影响外,还受台站地的坡向、周边地形、积雪深度以及人类活动等因数的影响。冻融指数时间序列的突变点发生在1994—1995年,与其气温的突变相对应;在突变点以后,大气和地面融化指数的增长速率和地面冻结指...     

四川木里地区二叠纪苦橄岩和玄武岩成因及源区性质

前人对峨眉山玄武岩的研究已经取得大量的研究成果,但对于一些关键科学问题如岩浆源区组成、源区温压条件等还存在分歧,或有待进一步探讨。本文报道了四川木里地区二叠纪苦橄岩和相关玄武岩的岩石学、地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素特征,并进一步探讨了苦橄岩和相关玄武岩的岩浆源区性质、岩浆形成条件。研究表明:四川木里地区二叠纪火成岩主要岩石类型为苦橄岩、高钛玄武岩和低钛玄武岩;苦橄质岩浆来源于地幔柱头部中心的高温区域(地幔柱轴部),岩浆主要起源于石榴石稳定域;高钛和低钛玄武质岩浆来源于地幔柱尾部,高钛玄武质岩浆主要起源于石榴石稳定域,而低钛玄武质岩浆起源于石榴石稳定域和尖晶石稳定域的过渡带;苦橄质和玄武质岩浆在上升过程中都不同程度混染了大陆岩石圈地幔物质,其中低钛玄武质岩浆可能有少量地壳物质的混染。     

三峡水库蓄水前后库区及周边区域降水变化及其影响因素北大核心CSCD

本文利用三峡库区及周边地区共21个气象站点1955—2019年的器测气候资料,结合西南地区气候驱动因子(北极涛动指数AO、北大西洋涛动指数NAO、西南季风指数SWM、东南季风指数SEM、暖季均温WST)系统分析研究区65a来的降水特征及影响因素,对比了三峡水库2003年蓄水前后局地降水的变化并评估三峡水库修建对降水的影响。结果表明:SWM主要影响研究区夏秋季降水;SEM和WST主要影响研究区夏季降水;AO对研究区降水的影响集中在冷季;NAO对研究区降水的影响不显著。SWM、SEM、WST与降水存在较显著的1~4a短共振周期,而NAO与AO以7~11a的共振周期为主。库区西北部的年降水量在2003年存在突变现象,腹地和南部地区的年降水量无此突变,而前述气候驱动因子在蓄水当年均无突变,表明气候驱动因子不是导致近库区降水突变的原因。三峡库区蓄水可能直接或间接导致近库区西北部的年降水量明显增加,主要是2月、5—7月降水显著增加(P<0.05),3月、8—10月不显著增加(P>0.05),其原因可能是升温引起的更多的局地蒸发水汽被季风转移至西北部,导致西北部的降水量增加。水库蓄水后,腹地在8月、10月、12月降水量显著减少(P<0.05),南部在8月降水量显著减少(P<0.05),其可能的原因是水库蓄水后缓冲昼夜温差,增加水面大气下沉,抑制水面对流活动,从而抑制研究区腹地和南部形成降水。基于气候驱动因子和月降水的多元线性回归模型表明:三峡水库蓄水后,西北部的年降水比无水库的情形显著增加13.2%(P<0.05);腹地、南部的年降水比无水库的情形分别增加0.1%和减少1.5%,但均不显著(P>0.05)。总的来说,三峡水库蓄水对降水存在局地效应,其长期影响还需要进一步评估。     

基于欧拉—拉格朗日模式的风沙跃移数值模拟方法

通过对沙粒的起动过程以及粒床相互作用机理进行参数化处理,利用计算流体力学方法与离散动力学模拟对风场和沙粒进行耦合迭代,建立了基于欧拉—拉格朗日模式的、适用于研究风沙流二维特征的风沙跃移数值模型。通过模拟沙粒集团以及单颗沙粒跃移运动的随机特征,有效描述了风沙流垂向以及沿程变化规律,并且能够输出任意时刻每颗沙粒的空间位置、速度和加速度等信息。输沙通量的空间分布与现场观测实验数据有较高的吻合度,摩阻风速和风速廓线两个宏观物理量的变化情况与风沙流形成和发展的物理实际相符,说明了本数值模型和计算方法的合理性。     

A Study of the Impacts of the Spatial Differences in Climate Engineering Programs on the Extreme Intensities of High-Temperature Events in China Under A 1.5°C Temperature Control Target

Based on the daily maximum temperature data and average temperature data prediction for the period ranging from 2020 to 2099 under the scenario of BNU-ESM climate engineering (G4 test) and non-climate engineering (RCP4.5), the regional differences in the extreme high-temperature intensities in China during the implementation of climate engineering programs (2020 to 2069) and after the implementation of those programs (2070 to 2099) were analyzed using a Weibull Distribution Theory. The results indicated the following: (1) The results of this study’s comparison between the two scenarios had shown that climate engineering had not fundamentally changed the spatial features of the high and low differentiations for the extreme high-temperature intensities with the different recurrence periods in China. It was found that in both scenarios, the extreme high-temperature intensities were characterized by the spatial differentiations of low-temperature intensities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and high-temperature intensities in the eastern and northwestern region; (2) This study’s comparison results of the two scenarios had indicated that the climate engineering processes during the two study periods could potentially help mitigate the extreme high-temperature intensities with different recurrence periods in China. Furthermore, the mitigation effects during the implementation period would be significantly higher than those after the implementation; (3) This study’s results of the comparison between the periods ranging from 2020 to 2069 and 2070 to 2099 under the proposed climate engineering scenarios suggested that there would be no strong rebounding of the extreme high-temperatures following the implementation of climate engineering programs, and the mitigation effects on the extreme high-temperature intensities during the implementation of the climate engineering programs would be significantly higher than after the implementation of the programs; (4) When comparisons were made of the changes of the average temperatures in China before and after the implementation of climate engineering programs, the results had shown that the average temperature in China had been reduced by at least 1.25℃ as a result of climate engineering, which would effectively alleviate the global warming trend, and could also be conducive to the realization of a temperature control target of 1.5℃ in accordance with the Paris Agreement.     

L波段雷达系统不同测风方法计算结果分析

根据广东阳江探空站L波段雷达系统观测的测风资料分析,测风记录用综合探测雷达测风方法与无斜距（或高度替代）测风方法计算的测风量得风层的结果,少数情况下会出现与理论值不相符的现象,两种测风方法计算的结果,有时会超出高空气象观测仪器总体测量准确度要求允许的误差范围。在雷达的仰角小于30°时,量得风层的风速小于3 m/s时,两种测风方法计算量得风层的风速基本相同（误差在允许范围内）,但风向有的相差较大,超出测量准确度要求允许的误差范围。当雷达仰角小于15°,量得风层的风速大于30 m/s时,两种测风方法计算量得风层的风向比较接近,但量得风层的风速有的却相差较大,超出测量准确度要求允许的误差范围。     

西峰蔡家咀黄土剖面记录的末次盛冰期到全新世最佳期气候变化

采用挖探井方式获取西峰蔡家咀剖面200 cm黄土沉积序列,以7个¹⁴C-AMS测年数据为年龄控制点,利用沉积物粒度模式建立最近20 ka的年代框架。磁化率、灰度、粒度等指标的综合对比表明该剖面记录了末次盛冰期增温以来几次重要气候事件,如Heinrich事件1(H₁)、Bølling-Allerød暖期(B-A)、新仙女木事件(YD)、8.2 ka事件等,说明西峰黄土剖面具有记录短尺度气候突变事件的潜力。     

An assessment of an environmental gradient using coral geochemical records, Whitsunday Islands, Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Coral cores were collected along an environmental and water quality gradient through the Whitsunday Island group, Great Barrier Reef (Australia), for trace element and stable isotope analysis. The primary aim of the study was to examine if this gradient could be detected in coral records and, if so, whether the gradient has changed over time with changing land use in the adjacent river catchments. Y/Ca was the trace element ratio which varied spatially across the gradient, with concentrations progressively decreasing away from the river mouths. The Ba/Ca and Y/Ca ratios were the only indicators of change in the gradient through time, increasing shortly after European settlement. The Mn/Ca ratio responded to local disturbance related to the construction of tourism infrastructure. Nitrogen isotope ratios showed no apparent trend over time. This study highlights the importance of site selection when using coral records to record regional environmental signals.