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171.
Much of the authors' knowledge of kin interaction and exchange in Britain is partial, in that it is based on studies of co-resident groups and excludes consideration of kin "beyond the household". It is known that there have been large declines in intergenerational co-residence, raising fears that family bonds have weakened. It is also commonly assumed that family members are less likely to live in close proximity than in the past. In this paper the authors examine one important aspect of kin relationships--proximity of adult children to their parents--using nationally representative data from 1986, 1995, and 1999. The analyses presented focus on: differences between 1986, 1995, and 1999 in proximity of adults to their parents; sociodemographic characteristics associated with variations in proximity, and temporal differences in the pattern of these variations. The paper concludes with an assessment of some of the policy implications of the findings. 相似文献
172.
173.
Turatto M Suzuki T Mazzali PA Benetti S Cappellaro E Danziger IJ Nomoto K Nakamura T Young TR Patat F 《The Astrophysical journal》2000,534(1):L57-L61
The extraordinary SN 1997cy associated with GRB 970514 has been observed photometrically and spectroscopically for nearly 2 yr. At the time of discovery, SN 1997cy was the brightest supernova (SN) ever observed (MV=-20.1, vhel=19,140 km s-1, H0=65 km s-1 Mpc-1). Up to the last available observations (600 days after the gamma-ray burst), the total time-integrated flux was equal to or larger than that expected from the complete thermalization of the gamma-rays produced by 2.3 M middle dot in circle of 56Co. However, starting already on day 60 the luminosity decline is slower than the 56Co decay rate, indicating that the SN ejecta was interacting with circumstellar material (CSM). The interaction appeared to weaken around day 550. The spectra of SN 1997cy are dominated at all epochs by Halpha emission, which shows at least three components of different widths, as in SN 1988Z. Several other lines with different widths are also visible, especially at early epochs. The entire light curve of SN 1997cy is reproduced by a model of the interaction of the very energetic (E=3x1052 ergs) ejecta of a massive star (25 M middle dot in circle) with the CSM, with some contribution from radioactive decays. The CSM could have been ejected with a mass-loss rate of M&d2; approximately 4x10-4 M middle dot in circle yr-1 as the progenitor star evolved from a blue to a red supergiant about 104 yr before the explosion. The lack of oxygen and magnesium lines in the spectra at nebular phases poses a problem for models requiring high-mass progenitors. The possibility that most of the core material of the progenitor has fallen onto a massive black hole so that the reverse shock dies at the inner edge of the H/He envelope is discussed. 相似文献
174.
High-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio, blue-violet spectra of three red giant branch tip stars in M15 have been obtained with the Keck I High-Resolution Echelle Spectrograph. These spectra have been analyzed to determine the abundances of several neutron-capture elements, including the radioactive chronometer element thorium. There are two principal results of this study. First, the abundances of the heavier (Z>/=56) elements for each of the three stars is well matched by a scaled solar system r-process abundance distribution. Second, a weighted mean-observed Th/Eu ratio for the stars implies an age for the neutron-capture material in M15 stars of 14+/-3 Gyr, in reasonable agreement with other recent age estimates for Galactic globular clusters. 相似文献
175.
Melchiorri A Ade PA de Bernardis P Bock JJ Borrill J Boscaleri A Crill BP De Troia G Farese P Ferreira PG Ganga K de Gasperis G Giacometti M Hristov VV Jaffe AH Lange AE Masi S Mauskopf PD Miglio L Netterfield CB Pascale E Piacentini F Romeo G Ruhl JE Vittorio N 《The Astrophysical journal》2000,536(2):L63-L66
We use the angular power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background, measured during the North American test flight of the Boomerang experiment, to constrain the geometry of the universe. Within the class of cold dark matter models, we find that the overall fractional energy density of the universe Omega is constrained to be 0.85=Omega=1.25 at the 68% confidence level. Combined with the COBE measurement, the data on degree scales from the Microwave Anisotropy Telescope in Chile, and the high-redshift supernovae data, we obtain new constraints on the fractional matter density and the cosmological constant. 相似文献
176.
文中采用遥感资料,对阿尔泰山东缘的主要活动断裂———科布多(Hovd)断裂与哈尔乌苏湖(Har-Nuur)断裂进行研究,从地貌特征上对断裂进行详细分析,揭示其几何学和运动学特征。初步研究表明阿尔泰山东缘的活动断裂规模、滑动速率和强地震活动并不弱于其西南缘。其中科布多断裂走向NNW,右旋走滑,长约600km,中更新世(Q2p)以来最大水系右旋位错约9.0km,滑动速率可达3.8~12.3mm/a,平均滑动速率约7.8mm/a;哈尔乌苏湖断裂走向NNW,右旋走滑,长约480km,全新世以来活动性明显增强,第四纪洪积扇上发现有最新的断裂迹象。阿尔泰山东缘的新构造运动与强地震活动,除了与印度-欧亚板块碰撞作用有关外,可能还与局部地区的动力学过程有关 相似文献
177.
地下岩层中有机化学药品的命运是很难预测的,将需要环境科学家花费10年或20年的时间研究受有机化学药品污染的场地。本文讨论了石油类碳氢化合物污染地下水和土壤的不同路径及其在地下岩层中的气相、液相和固相的分布,总结了常用于修复受石油类碳氢化合物污染的土壤和地下水的技术以及这些技术的应用局限,简要讨论了美国环保总署常用于检测和测定土壤和水样品中石油类碳氢化合物的方法(8260、8270和418.1),以及一些最近开发的用于预测含水层系统中石油类碳氢化合物的命运和迁移的数学模型。本文提供了一些有关轻质和重质石油类碳氢化合物的毒性研究的结果。研究结果表明,若要使环境免受石油类碳氢化合物的污染,需要公众充分了解这些化合物所涉及的风险。石油产品的适当管理与谨慎处理能够降低污染的发生概率。利用装有漏油感应器和阴极保护装置的新型双重壁储油罐代替陈旧和已泄漏的地下储油罐,我们能够明显改善宝贵和脆弱的地下水资源的质量。 相似文献
178.
以位于三峡库区的龙门河森林自然保护区为研究区,综合利用线性光谱混合模型和几何光学模型,基于高光谱遥感数据提取森林结构参数是本文研究的重点。在研究区地面调查数据的基础上,通过高光谱数据和混合光谱分解法,获得反演几何光学模型所需的四分量参数,根据背景光照分量与森林植被冠层各参数间的关系,反演得到森林冠层郁闭度及平均冠幅的定量分布图,并利用37个野外实测样本进行结果验证。 相似文献
179.
The authors attempt to answer two main questions concerning the population of Nigeria. First, since independence came to Nigeria, why has it been so difficult to take a census whose results are accepted as reliable? And second, will it be possible to carry out an accurate and uncontested census in the future? Specifically, the authors attempt to identify the political and economic reasons that have sabotaged efforts to carry out an accurate census, and to suggest some short- and long-term measures that could help the country out of the current impasse. 相似文献
180.
引言在大系统中总要出现实时的河道流量预报问题。这种需要可以起因于增大枯季径流以维持航运所需的水深,或对水质所需的流量,或因暴雨而需作洪水预报。在大流域里,要研制由索洛西——纳吉(Szollosi-Nagy)等人(1977年),托迪尼(Todini)等人(1976年)或布拉斯(Bras)和罗德里格——伊特伯(Rodriguez-Iturbe)(1976年)所描述的那种 相似文献