金衢盆地加积红土多指标记录的环境变化

金衢盆地连片、集中分布有较厚的第四纪古红土。选择汤溪(TX)加积型红土剖面进行了磁学、色度和粒度的测量,研究结果表明:1)剖面上段的表土层和均质红土层磁化率高,磁性矿物以亚铁磁性矿物为主;剖面中段的网纹红土层磁化率低,磁性矿物以不完整反铁磁性矿物(如赤铁矿)含量为主;剖面底部的黄色网纹化砾石层磁化率低,磁性矿物以不完整反铁磁性矿物为主。2)色度指标值(a*、b*、L*)偏高说明东部季风区湿热的气候条件,不同层位的差异说明不同层位具有不同的成土环境。3)粒度组成显示有一定的风成沉积特征,比较一致,以粉砂为主,但不同土壤层之间存在差异。剖面底部黄色网纹化砾石层可能为干冷的早期河流沉积环境;中部网纹红土层反映的是暖湿多水而且干湿交替变化频繁的沉积环境;上部均质红土层则反映了与现代区域气候相似的沉积环境。     

Screening of cellulose decomposing fungi in sandy dune soil of Horqin Sandy Land

Cellulose decomposing fungi play an important role in litter decomposition and are decisive in nutrient cycling in sandy land ecosystems. Thirty-one strains were isolated to select efficient cellulose decomposers, and four efficient cellulose decomposing fungi (NM3-1, NM3-2, NM3-3, and NM3-4) were screened using a CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) carbon source in dune soil of Horqin Sandy Land. They were identified as Asperigillus calidoustus, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and Hypocrea lixii by rDNA-ITS molecular biological methods. Cloth decomposition rates were 15.71%, 15.89%, 17.29%, and 17.89% by the four efficient decomposers incubated for 30 days, respectively. Screening of efficient cellulose decomposers can not only increase the dune soil functional microbe bank, but can also accelerate litter decomposition and available nutrient input in the Horqin Sandy Land.     

A system for automated monitoring of embankment deformation along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway in permafrost regions

At present, the monitoring of embankment deformation in permafrost regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is mainly done manually. However, the harsh climate on the plateau affects the results greatly by lowering the observation frequency, so the manual monitoring can barely meet the observational demand. This research develops a system of automated monitoring of embankment deformation, and aims to address the problems caused by the plateau climate and the permafrost conditions in the region. The equipment consists of a monitoring module, a data collection module, a transmission module, and a data processing module. The field experiments during this program indicate that(1) the combined automated monitoring device overcame the problems associated with the complicated and tough plateau environment by means of wireless transmission and automatic analysis of the embankment settlement data;(2) the calibration of the combined settlement gauge at-20 °C was highly accurate, with an error rate always 0.5%;(3) the gauge calibration at high-temperature conditions was also highly accurate, with an error rate 0.5% even though the surface of the instrument reached more than 50 °C; and(4) compared with the data manually taken, the data automatically acquired during field monitoring experiments demonstrated that the combined settlement gauge and the automated monitoring system could meet the requirements of the monitoring mission in permafrost regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.     

Uncertainty in the prediction and management of CO2 emissions: a robust minimum entropy approach

Natural Hazards - CO2 emission control is one of the most vital parts of environment management. China owns the largest CO2 emission in the world. For the sake of clarifying China’s emission...     

太阳光谱方法和“多云模型”应用研究总结

本文介绍了近几十年来国内外对太阳光谱分析方法研究概况,特别关注对太阳耀斑等活动现象的非对称谱线轮廓的定量或半定量研究。本文简要总结了“多云模型”方法在研究太阳日面和边缘多活动体的极不对称迭加轮廓的应用,可同时导出各个活动体的速度场和其它有关的物理参量的定量或半定量分布。该方法的应用表明它的可靠性和实用性,并检验了方法的有效性。     

核电站取排水海域工程模型试验研究

循环冷却水及核安全用水的取排水设施是核电站的重要组成部分。本文着重介绍岭澳核电站水工模型试验中发现的取水明渠在大浪作用下产生长周期水面波动的问题及解决办法。其次对连云港核电站独具特色的排水方案的试验研究结果进行简单论述。     

东中国海海温场对厄尔尼诺与反厄尔尼诺事件的响应

本文根据多年历史资料统计分析了东中国海海面温度（海温）场对厄尔尼诺与反厄尔尼诺 事件的遥响应情况,结果表明东中国海海温与厄尔尼诺事件有密切的关系,其年际变化特征与 一些学者提出的水文气象要素的变化相吻合,同时,分析还发现上半年发生的厄尔尼诺事件的 前冬半年海温异常的偏高,而下半年发生的厄尔尼诺事件的前冬半年海温异常的偏低,这是一 个值得深入探讨的问题。     

导管架式海洋平台结构极限承载力分析的整体推进法及其软件

根据非线性有限元逐步分析的思想,以已有的结构弹性分析软件为计算核心,提出了一种近似分析结构极限承载力的方法——整体推进法;采用整体推进法,以导管架式海洋平台结构线弹性分析软件ＥＮＳＡ为计算核心,考虑结构构件的损伤影响和维修加固效果,编制了导管架式海洋平台结构极限承载力近似分析软件ＵＡＰ,为导管架式海洋平台结构的安全度评定提供了方法和手段;最后对渤海八号生产／储油平台在１９９３年的状态和ＪＺ２０２ＭＵＱ平台的完好状态进行了极限承载力分析     

尾纹裸头 虎鱼染色体组型分析

以尾纹裸头虎鱼的脾脏细胞为材料,用空气干燥法制片,进行其染色体组型分析。染色体数目２ｎ为４４,染色体总臂数（ＮＦ）为８６,其中中部着丝点染色体为１０对,亚中部着丝点染色体为１１对,端部着丝点染色体只１对,即２ｎ等于２０ｍ＋２２ｓｍ＋２ｔ。