The potential hydrothermal systems unexplored in the Southwest Indian Ocean

Deep-sea hydrothermal vents possess complex ecosystems and abundant metallic mineral deposits valuable to human being. On-axial vents along tectonic plate boundaries have achieved prominent results and obtained huge resources, while nearly 90% of the global mid-ocean ridge and the majority of the off-axial vents buried by thick oceanic sediments within plates remain as relatively undiscovered domains. Based on previous detailed investigations, hydrothermal vents have been mapped along five sections along the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) with different bathymetry, spreading rates, and gravity features, two at the western end (10°–16°E Section B and 16°–25°E Section C) and three at the eastern end (49°–52°E Section D, 52°–61°E Section E and 61°–70°E Section F). Hydrothermal vents along the Sections B, C, E and F with thin oceanic crust are hosted by ultramafic rocks under tectonic-controlled magmatic-starved settings, and hydrothermal vents along the Section D are associated with exceed magmatism. Limited coverage of investigations is provided along the 35°–47°E SWIR (between Marion and Indomed fracture zones) and a lot of research has been done around the Bouvet Island, while no hydrothermal vents has been reported. Analyzing bathymetry, gravity and geochemical data, magmatism settings are favourable for the occurrence of hydrothermal systems along these two sections. An off-axial hydrothermal system in the southern flank of the SWIR that exhibits ultra-thin oceanic crust associated with an oceanic continental transition is postulated to exist along the 100-Ma slow-spreading isochron in the Enderby Basin. A discrete, denser enriched or less depleted mantle beneath the Antarctic Plate is an alternative explanation for the large scale thin oceanic crust concentrated on the southern flank of the SWIR.     

基于北京一号影像的射阳河口无机氮磷营养盐监测研究

通过在射阳河口现场采集光谱和水样,将实测光谱重采样为北京一号的波段反射率并与可溶性无机氮（DIN）和可溶性无机磷（DIP）浓度作相关性分析,结果表明,北京一号的近红外和红波段与DIN和DIP浓度呈强烈的正相关,这反映了沉积物的再悬浮作用是该海域营养盐的重要来源,波段组合因子中与DIN、DIP浓度相关性高的主要是由近红外波段与绿波段以及红波段与绿波段的比值或差值构成的因子,其相关性高于单波段因子。最终选择因子F10（3,1）的三次多项式模型作为该海域DIN、DIP浓度定量反演模型。模型相对浓度较高的样本组（DIN≥200g/L,DIP≥20g/L）的预测精度分别为73.69%和73.45%,而该海域DIN、DIP浓度的均值远远超过了上述阈值,影像反演结果也与实际情况高度吻合,反映了模型在该海域的实际应用价值。     

海表水温变动对东、黄海鲐鱼栖息地分布的影响

海表水温(SST)通常是表征鱼类栖息地分布的主要指标。本文根据1999—2007年我国大型灯光围网的鲐鱼生产统计数据,结合海洋遥感获得的SST,分析了渔汛期间鲐鱼栖息地的适宜SST范围,探讨了SST变动情况下鲐鱼栖息地的变化趋势。研究结果表明,东、黄海鲐鱼7—12月的适宜SST范围为15~30℃。根据政府气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)第四份评估报告,本文拟定4种SST上升的情况,即(1)每月平均SST+0.5℃;(2)每月平均SST+1℃;(3)每月平均SST+2℃;(4)每月平均SST+4℃。结果显示,东、黄海鲐鱼的潜在栖息有明显向北移动的趋势,并且栖息地面积逐渐减小。研究认为,全球气候变化引起的SST上升,可能会对近海鲐鱼栖息地造成严重的影响。     

急性低氧胁迫对卵形鲳鲹选育群体血液生化指标的影响

本文研究了水环境急性低氧胁迫对卵形鲳鲹Trachinotus ovatus选育群体血液生化指标的影响。实验设计了急性低氧试验组和对照组,每组3个平行。结果显示,急性低氧胁迫后选育群体的血清离子含量与对照组相比都有不同程度的升高,其中钠、氯、钙浓度与对照组相比差异显著(p0.05),铁浓度极显著高于对照组(p0.01);血清蛋白、尿酸、肌酐、血脂、血糖等指标的差异较大,其中尿酸、肌酐极显著高于对照组(p0.01),总蛋白、总胆固醇显著低于对照组(p0.05);血清中肌酸激酶含量极显著高于对照组(p0.01),肌酸激酶同工酶显著高于对照组(p0.05),γ-谷氨酰转肽酶含量显著低于对照组(p0.05);其他指标均有不同程度的升高或降低,但差异不显著。研究表明,急性低氧胁迫造成卵形鲳鲹鳃、肾、心脏和肝脏损伤,免疫力下降。     

北戴河近岸海域表层沉积物重金属分布特征及污染评价

分析了北戴河近岸海域表层沉积物重金属含量和空间分布特征,利用修正综合指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对其污染程度进行了评价。结果表明,该区表层沉积物重金属平均含量较低,高值区主要分布在西南角和东北角河口,低值区主要分布在中部;区内重金属污染程度总体上处于较低至中等等级,污染相对明显的为人造河口、石河口和秦皇岛城区近岸海域。相对而言,Hg是主要的致污元素。     

A new model for the vibration isolation via pile rows consisting of infinite number of piles

In this study, on the basis of the Floquet transform method, a numerical model for the simulation of the vibration isolation via multiple periodic pile rows with infinite number of piles is established. By means of the fictitious pile method due to Muki and Sternberg, the second kind of Fredholm integral equations for the pile rows are developed by using the fundamental solutions for the half‐space and the compatibility conditions between the piles and half‐space. Employing the Floquet transform method, integral equations for the pile rows in the wavenumber domain are then derived. Solution of the integral equations yields the wavenumber domain solution for the pile rows. The space domain solution can then be retrieved by inversion of the Floquet transform. Numerical results show that the proposed model with the Floquet transform method is in a good agreement with those of the conventional direct superposition method. On the basis of the new model, influences of the spacing between neighboring piles, the Young's modulus of the piles, and the pile length on the vibration isolation effect of the pile rows are investigated. Numerical simulations conducted in this study show that compared with the direct superposition method, the efficiency of the proposed model for simulation of the vibration isolation via pile rows is very high. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国近海蛸属(八腕目、头足纲)三新种

蛸类俗称八蛸、章鱼、八带鱼或八爪鱼,广泛分布于我国南北沿海,为近岸渔业的一种捕捞对象。我国劳动人民在长期的生产实践中,创造了十分丰富的诱蛸和钓蛸经验,为调查了解蛸类的生活习性和自然资源提供了重要的科研资料。 蛸类是一种经济价值较高的海产软体动物,其肉质的脂肪含量高,维生素甲丰富,是良好的副食。 我国近海蛸属(Octopus)种类丰富,目前已知16种(包括本文中描述的三新种),约占全世界蛸属总数(约90种)的六分之一。遵照毛主席关于“人类总得不断地总结经验,有所发现,有所发明,有所创造,有所前进”的教导,作者根据中国科学院海洋研究所历年在我国海域采到的蛸属标本,通过内外形态的综合鉴別,以及和本属中一些近似种的比较,描述了三个新种,标本存于中国科学院海洋研究所。     

Application of probabilistic neural network to design breakwater armor blocks

This study presents a probabilistic neural network (PNN) technique for predicting the stability number of armor blocks of breakwaters. The PNN is prepared using the experimental data of Van der Meer. The predicted stability numbers of the PNN are compared with those of previous studies, i.e. by an empirical formula and a previous neural network model. The agreement index between the measured and predicted stability numbers by PNN are better than those by the previous studies. The PNN offers a way to interpret the network's structure in the form of a probability density function and it is easy to implement. Therefore, it can be an effective tool for designers of rubble mound breakwaters.     

气候变暖与海平面上升

本文通过大量实际资料分析认为,现代全球变暖与海平面上升,源于200多年前小冰期冷峰出现后的气候返暖、海平面回升过程演变的结果。近30年的世界海平面上升的速率,有着上世纪80、90年代和本世纪前10年世界平均气温每10年以0．2F°（0．11℃）为梯度的连续抬升为背景。在此以CO。含量为气候指标,划分出了公元200年以来的八个暖段（暖期）。若按冷暖极值距200年或250年计算,则由目前正在发展的暖期,将在公元2050年或2100年前后结束,而后开始降温。作者依据最近30年同一时段国内外验潮资料计算获得的绝对海平面升降速率为＋1．52±0．27mm／a及相对海平面升降速率为＋1．39±0．26mm/a。按照2010年坎昆气候大会决议要求,在对前人有关研究成果进行考量时,对将来的2050和2100年世界海平面预测及我国地面沉降较明显的沿海城市如天津、上海、厦门、海口等相对海平面升降值,进行了测算与评估。