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ENSO事件对我国季节降水和温度的影响

对近40年来ENSO当年和次年我国季节降水和温度异常进行了合成分析和信度检验。结果表明，ENSO当年我国以少雨、低温为主，次年则相反。降水和温度异常季节变化也基本呈相反趋势。长江中下游地区显著降水异常并不发生在夏季，而在ENSO当年春、秋季和次年春季；东北地区最显著的低温也不在夏季，而在ENSO当年秋季至次年春季。根据本文结果对目前ENSO影响研究中的有关问题提出了看法。     

Model for Methane Emission from Rice Fields and Its Application in Southern China

Ｍｏｄｅｌ　ｆｏｒ　Ｍｅｔｈａｎｅ　Ｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ　ｆｒｏｍ　Ｒｉｃｅ　Ｆｉｅｌｄｓ　ａｎｄ　Ｉｔｓ　Ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ　ｉｎ　Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ　ＣｈｉｎａＤｉｎｇＡｉｊｕａｎｄＷａｎｇＭｉｎｇｘｉｎｇ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒ...     

热带西太平洋海洋上层热含量的分布特征及其年际变化的分析

选用海面至20℃等温线所处深度水层的平均温度来表征研究海域海洋上层热含量。利用这一特征值，分析1986—1990年期间热带西太平洋边缘海域海洋上层热含量在秋季的分布特征和年际变化。结果表明：（1）热含量呈南高北低分布，在7．5－22．1°N范围内。以130°E断面为代表，热含量的平均递减率为0．179（℃／纬度）；（2）热含量的分布主要取决于环流系统，其等值线因受黑潮和棉兰老海流的影响而由纬向分布转向经向分布。某些区域因受暖涡及冷涡的影响而呈封闭状分布；（3）热含量的年际变化与E1Nino事件存在着很好的相关性，在E1Nino事件发生期间，热含量变得很低，高热含量（大于26．5℃）海区的分布范围明显缩小。     

南黄海自生黄铁矿成因及其环境指示意义

样品为１９８９年采自南黄海，利用显微镜，电子显微镜，电子探针和化学分析方法，对自生黄铁矿的形态，成份和同位素特征进行研究，在此基础上就其成因与形成环境的关系进行初步探讨。研究结果表明，自生黄铁矿集合体形态可以分为聚莓，单莓和细粒３种，霉体特征的形态是早期成岩作用阶段沉积物随机堆积的结果，可以作了沉积成因黄铁矿的形态标型黄铁矿微量成份特征显示其沉积成因，同时亦表现对泥质沉积物地球化学背景值的继承性，     

Dynamic simulation of tropical coral reef ecosystem being disturbed by multiple situations

In consideration of the rapid degradation of coral reef ecosystems, the establishment of models is helpful to comprehend the degradation mechanism of coral reef ecosystems and predict the development process of coral reef communities. According to the characteristics of complex ecosystem of tropical coral reefs in China, the coral reef functional group is the core level variable; combined with the multiple feedback effects of coral reef functional groups and environmental changes, the study presents a coral reef ecosystem dynamics model with hermatypic corals as the core. Based on the simulation of the assumed initial value and the internal feedback of the system, the results show that in the basic simulation(relative health conditions), the coverage area of live corals and coral reefs generally decreased first and then increased, and increased by 4.67% and 6.38% between2010 and 2050, respectively. Based on the calibration model and the current situation of the studied area, the multi-factor disturbance effects of coral reef communities were simulated and explored by setting up three scenarios involving fishing policy, terrestrial deposition, and inorganic nitrogen emissions. Among them, in the single factor disturbance, the fishing policy exerts the most direct impact on the community decline; and the succession phenomenon is obvious; the terrestrial sedimentation has a faster and more integrated effect on the community decline; the effect of inorganic nitrogen emission on the community decline is relatively slow. In the double/multi-factor disturbance, the superimposed disturbance will aggravate the multi-source feedback effect of the coral reef communities development, accelerate the community decay rate, and make its development trajectory more complicated and diverse. This method provides a scientific and feasible method for simulating the damage of long-term coral reef community and exploring the development law and adaptive management of coral reef ecosystems. In the future, it can be further studied in the ecological restoration process and decisionmaking direction of coral reefs.     

2004年厄尔尼诺事件的理论预测和实践检验

地球自转速度减慢、赤道东太平洋表层海温升高、日食-厄尔尼诺系数增大与厄尔尼诺事件发生时间在一切细节上有惊人的对应关系。这个综合检验结果给出了地球自转减速和日食-厄尔尼诺系数预测厄尔尼诺事件的有效性和准确性。2004年的弱厄尔尼诺已得到初步证实,2005年的拉尼娜有待检验。     

Nonlinear optimization method of ship floating condition calculation in wave based on vector

Ship floating condition in regular waves is calculated. New equations controlling any ship＇s floating condition are proposed by use of the vector operation. This form is a nonlinear optimization problem which can be solved using the penalty function method with constant coefficients. And the solving process is accelerated by dichotomy. During the solving process, the ship＇s displacement and buoyant centre have been calculated by the integration of the ship surface according to the waterline. The ship surface is described using an accumulative chord length theory in order to determine the displacement, the buoyancy center and the waterline. The draught forming the waterline at each station can be found out by calculating the intersection of the ship surface and the wave surface. The results of an example indicate that this method is exact and efficient. It can calculate the ship floating condition in regular waves as well as simplify the calculation and improve the computational efficiency and the precision of results.     

黑鲷早期鳞被的形成

黑鲷Sparus macrocephalus(Basilewsky)幼苗鳞被最早出现的部位是在躯干部胸鳍基后至肛门直上方的侧线处。黑鲷只具一个鳞被起始中心。最早出现鳞片的个体为体长9.5—14.1mm,平均11.51±0.85mm,全长11.2—16.5mm,平均13.65±1.01mm,孵后日龄23—35d。鳞被发育完全时的最小个体为体长12.1—18.5mm,平均14.57±1.55mm,全长14.8—23.5mm,平均17.99±2.17mm,孵后日龄27—42d。