Bjørn Helland-Hansen †

Ohne Zusammenfassung

---

Bjørn Helland-Hansen

     

Towards an integration of process measurements, archive analysis and modelling in geomorphology — the Kärkevagge experimental site, Abisko area, northern Sweden

The analysis of Holocene geomorphic process activity demands long–term data sets, which are available for the Kärkevagge catchment due to 50 years of intensive geomorphologic field studies. This data set is used in combination with additional field measurements, remote sensing and digital elevation model (DEM) analysis to provide input data for modelling Holocene valley development. On the basis of this information, geomorphic process units (GPUs) are defined by means of GIS modelling. These units represent areas of homogeneous process composition that transfer sediments. Since the data base enables the quantification of single processes, the interaction of processes within the units can also be quantified. Applying this concept permits calculation of recent sediment transfer rates and hence leads to a better understanding of actual geomorphic landscape development activity. To extrapolate these data in time and space the process–related sediments in the valley are analysed for depth and total volume, primarily using geophysical methods. In this fashion the validity of measured process rates is evaluated for the Holocene time scale. Results from this analysis are exemplified in a cross–profile showing some of the principal sediment units in the valley. For example, the measured modern rates on a slush torrent debris fan seem to represent the Holocene mean rate. This approach should also be suitable for revealing Holocene geomorphic landscape development in terms of climate change.     

Geochemistry of basaltic and gabbroic rocks from the West Mariana basin and the Mariana trench

This paper describes the chemistry of 33 basaltic rocks dredged from the West Mariana basin and from the Mariana trench during the R/V “Dmitry Mendeleev” 1976 cruise in the western Pacific.The shipboard investigations were carried out by an international working group of 66 earth scientists under the IGCP Project “Ophiolites” and sponsored by the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, Moscow. The purpose of the expedition was to investigate the structure and composition of the oceanic crust of marginal basins, remnant island arcs and deep-sea trenches. Tholeiitic basalts and gabbros as well as ultramafic rocks in various stages of alteration were dredged from the central part of the West Mariana basin demonstrating the presence of oceanic crust.The Pacific slope of the Mariana trench yielded altered basaltic rocks of tholeiitic and alkalic (? trachybasaltic to shoshonitic) composition. The lower part of the island arc slope contains typical tholeiitic basalts, dolerites and gabbros as well as ultramafics associated with flysch-type sediments. This is strong evidence for the formation of an “ophiolite-schuppenzone”, probably due to subduction of Pacific oceanic crust.Associated with these rocks are amygdaloidal, highly magnesian lavas (similar to boninites), which have not been recognized previously in oceanic ridge basalts.These rocks (together with the dolerites) are interpreted as parts of the Mariana island arc and are thought to be the first stage of island arc development (an immature island arc).     

Der Tektonische Stil der Rocky Mountains in Alberta,Canada

Zusammenfassung Die Canadian Rockies bestehen aus westfallenden, relativ über das Prärie-Becken nach E transportierten Abscher-Decken, deren Gefüge an 3 Beispielen aus Süd-Alberta beschrieben wird. In der Tiefe herrscht Transport, Plättung und a-Längung, nahe der ursprünglichen Oberfläche Einengung und b-Längung. Da das transportierte Material die Grenze zwischen beiden Gefüge-Typen überschreitet, entsteht in der oberen Zone ein Überlagerungs-Gefüge, dessen Erklärung als zweiphasige Verformung bestritten und das als ortskonstanter stoffvariabler Formungsraum (Sander) bezeichnet wird.     

Krokodile als Klimazeugen

Zusammenfassung Aus den wenigen bekannten Daten über Lebensweise und Verbreitung rezenter Krokodile wird versucht, Mindesttemperaturen für das Biotop fossiler Krokodile zu ermitteln. Die gefundenen Werte (+10 C und mehr für die Durchschnittstemperatur des kältesten Monats) sind im Vergleich mit bekannten PaläoTemperaturen durchaus wahrscheinlich.

---

Summary Recent crocodiles are distributed up to the 10 or 15 C isothermal line of January/ N. Hemisphere or July/S. Hemisphere, see fig. 1. The analysis of the distribution of tertiary crocodiles in Europe indicates that probably recent and fossil crocodiles are restricted in their geographical range by the same temperature limits.

---

Résumé Une analyse de la distribution des crocodiles tertiaires en Europe montre que probablement cettes formes fossiles de mÊme que les récents vivaient en régions oÚ les temperatures étaient au mois le plus froid au-dessus de 10 ou 15 degrés (v. Fig. 1).

---

---

Erweiterte Fassung eines auf Anregung von Herrn Prof. Dr. H.Tobien auf der Jahrestagung der Geol. Ver. in Köln 1964 gehaltenen Vortrags.

---

Zu danken habe ich Herrn Prof.Brinkmann, Bonn, und Herrn Prof. v.Gaertner, Hannover, für Diskussionshinweise (bezüglich des Biotops von Krokodilen und lokaler Temperaturverhältnisse), die in obigen Ausführungen berücksichtigt wurden; ferner danke ich Herrn Dipl.-Biol.Hemmer, Mainz, für kollegiale Beratung in zoologischen Fragen.     

Absetzbecken

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Gedenktage

Ohne Zusammenfassung