河南泌阳凹陷新生代天文地层研究

为油气成烃成藏定量研究,特别为油田剥蚀量的计算,需要建立新生代天文地层年代表。该表的数据是立足于天文学"米氏旋回假说"中地球轨道三要素的周期性和准周期性变化,求出各组(段或亚段)地质年龄。计算方法是选定泌阳凹陷11口井从大仓房组至凤凰镇组的地层分层、测井曲线数据等作频谱分析,寻找响应0.405Myr周期中的最大优势旋回和提出的三个‘基准面'的绝对年龄值。研究和计算的最后成果年龄为:1)大仓房组‘红层'顶/核三4亚段底是以邻近渤海湾盆地东营凹陷沙四下亚段‘红层'顶42.671Ma作为年龄对比和标定,向上计算出核三3亚段底为40.951Ma、核三3～1亚段顶为36.490Ma,核二段的顶为34.845Ma;2)廖庄组底/核一段之间是以邻近渤海湾盆地东营凹陷东营组底32Ma计算的数据作对比和标定,向下计算出核一段底的年龄为34.468Ma,核二段/核一段之间可能为一个大约时长为0.4Myr的小剥蚀面;向上计算廖庄组现有顶平均年龄为26.811Ma,即泌阳凹陷廖庄组全沉积的顶在中新世23.03Ma,地质构造上升和沉积回剥时间平均为3.781Myr;3)平原组底界的年龄标定为目前"国际地层表"(2004)中年龄为2.588Ma,向下计算出凤凰镇组底界平均年龄为4.155Ma。     

8.4 ka以来纳木错湖芯介形类组合的环境变化意义

A 332-cm long lacustrine core was drilled in the Nam Co in the central-southern part of the Tibetan Plateau. From the core, 15 species of ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda), which belong to 6 genera have been identified. According to the variations of the ostracod assem-blages and the ostracods ecological features, which are sensitive to the changing environ-ment, three main stages can be distinguished as follows: Stage I was from 8400 to 6800 a BP, during which the climate was cold-humid, and the lake depth changed from shallow to deep. Stage II was from 6400 to 2500 a BP, during which the climate changed from warm-humid to cold-humid, and then to cold-dry. The lake depth gradually became deep. The shifting of cli-mate, from wet-cold to dry-cold during this period, had constructed the basis of present en-vironment in the Nam Co. Stage III was from 2500 a BP to the present, which showed a trait of lake depth increasing. At the earlier period of this stage, the climate kept as cold-dry as that in the former stage, but the salinity of the lake increased. At the later period of this stage, the degree of cold-dry was enhanced, and the activities of land surface runoff tended to be weakened. Our research also found that the peak values of ostracods with black shell was coherent with the maximum production of the ostracods, and agreed with the increasing sedimentary water dynamics. This indicated that the ostracods with black shell was simulta-neous with the high prolificacy of ostracod, and transported from other places. The abun-dance of Candona juvenile shells reflected the high mortality of that kind of ostracods under an unfavorable condition. This was probably a result of the rapid change of water dynamics of sedimentary environment.     

DEM在湖泊水文变化研究中的应用进展

在全球变化背景下,湖泊水文的动态变化不仅是评估和预测气候与环境变化的重要指示剂,同时对社会可持续发展、水资源的开发与利用、生态文明建设等产生重要影响。湖泊水文的动态变化受到湖滨及湖底地形的控制,数字高程模型（DEM）成为湖泊水文研究的重要数据源。随着遥测技术的发展,高分辨率、区域/全球大尺度DEM数据的获取手段快速发展、数据源不断丰富,DEM对推动湖泊水文动态研究进展起到了关键作用。本文首先基于Web of Science平台对DEM在湖泊水文动态研究中的相关文献进行了分析,阐述了该主题现有研究在发文时间、发文数量增减态势、研究区域与热点地区、文献所涉及的DEM数据等方面的特点。接着,围绕着DEM在湖泊水文动态的研究中4个主要方向：湖泊水域变化、湖泊水位变化、湖泊水量变化、湖泊水文灾害情势,重点总结：DEM与其他遥感观测平台、实地观测及模型模拟等多源数据的融合策略,数字地形分析与水文学分析、遥感影像分析等方法的集成策略,以及DEM数据不确定性等对湖泊水文变化研究的影响。最后,本文论述了目前DEM在湖泊水文研究中存在的关键问题,并结合技术发展趋势和研究热点问题,提出了可能的解决路径和未来的研究前景。     

ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND ITS IMPACTS ON HUMAN SETTLF, MENT IN THE CHANGJIANG RIVER DELTA IN NEOLITHIC AGE

Dating data, altitude of Neolithic sites, climatic changes from sedimentary records and previous research results were collected and analyzed to detect possible connections between climatic changes and human activities in the Changjiang River Delta in the Neolithic Age. The results indicated that hydrological changes greatly impacted the human activities in the study region. Low-lying geomorphology made the floods and sea level changes become the important factors affecting human activities, especially the altitude change of human settlements. People usually moved to higher places during the periods characterized by high sea level and frequent floods to escape the negative influences from water body expansion, which resulted in cultural hiatus in certain profiles. However, some higher-altitude settlements were not the results of climatic changes but the results of social factors, such as religious ceremony and social status. Therefore, further research will be necessary for the degree and types of impacts of climatic changes on human activities in the study area at that time.     

The modeled atmospheric and oceanic response to the South China Sea SST anomaly

The sensitivity of the global atmospheric and oceanic response to sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) throughout the South China Sea (SCS) is investigated using the Fast Ocean-Atmosphere Model (FOAM). Forced by a warming SST, the experiment explicitly demonstrates that the responses of surface air temperature (SAT) and SST exhibit positive anomalous center over SCS and negative anomalous center over the Northern Pacific Ocean (NPO). The atmospheric response to the warm SST anomalies is characterized by a barotropical anomaly in middle-latitude, leading to a weak subtropical high in summer and a weak Aleutian low in winter. Accordingly, Indian monsoon and eastern Asian monsoon strengthen in summer but weaken in winter as a result of wind convergence owing to the warm SST. It is worth noting that the abnormal signals propagate poleward and eastward away in the form of Rossby Waves from the forcing region, which induces high pressure anomaly. Owing to action of the wind-driven circulation, an anomalous anti-cyclonic circulation is induced with a primary southward current in the upper ocean. An obvious cooling appears over the North Pacific, which can be explained by anomalous meridional cold advection and mixing as shown in the analysises of heat budget and other factors that affect SST.     

围岩参数Monte－Carlo有限元反分析

提出了应用隧道施工监测的随机值，采用蒙特一卡罗（Ｍｏｎｔｅ－Ｃａｒｌｏ）有限元随机反分析以反推地层参数和初始地应力分布的方法。反推参数不仅给出其均值，还给出参数的方差及分布类型，为地下结构稳定性和可靠性分析提供必要数据。为检验所提的反分析方法对工程的实用性，文中给出了一个实例。     

电感应力灵敏度在实测中的研究

应力场的观测是预报地震较直接的途径之一,本实验利用异孔深井抽水的加(减)载作应力观测的人工力源,在大量实测数据基础上进行力学分析,得出电感应力观测在满足规范要求时能测到地应力场的变化,但室内标定的应力灵敏度不等于实测灵敏度。用室内灵敏度计算应力值必有明显误差。本结果对电惑应力观测科学具有重要的实际意义。     

Environmental isotopic and hydrochemical study of groundwater in the Ejina Basin,northwest China

The study investigates the groundwater evolution and its residence time in the Ejina Basin, northwest China according to isotope and hydrochemical analyses results. The groundwater chemistry is mainly controlled by the dissolution of halite, Glauber’s salt, gypsum, dolomite and calcite, also influenced by other processes such as evaporation, ion exchange, and deposition. Based on tritium content in atmospheric precipitation and by adopting a model with exponential time distribution function, the mean residence time of the unconfined aquifer groundwater with fairly high tritium activities (21–49 TU) is evaluated. The results show that these groundwaters have low residence time (5–120 years) and are renewable. In contrast, the deep confined groundwaters are tritium-free and radiocarbon values range from 18.3 to 26.7 pmc. According to the most commonly used ¹⁴C correction models, the radiocarbon groundwater ages were calculated which yield ages of approximately 4,087–9,364 years BP. Isotopic signatures indicate formation of deep confined groundwaters in a colder and wetter climate during the late Pleistocene and Holocene. It is suggested that long-term, rational water usage guide should be set up for the Heihe River Basin as a whole to permit a considerable discharge to the Ejina Basin.     

水下运动物体间相互作用力的计算探讨

本文首先用体内奇点分布法建立了水下多个运动回转体的数学模型,基此提出了一种新的计算多物体相互作用力的方法──等价拓展体法,达到考虑粘性、简化边界层计算的目的。以上方法都以两个运动回转体为例作了数值计算与比较。