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91.
92.
An efficient finite–discrete element method applicable for the analysis of quasi‐static nonlinear soil–structure interaction problems involving large deformations in three‐dimensional space was presented in this paper. The present method differs from previous approaches in that the use of very fine mesh and small time steps was not needed to stabilize the calculation. The domain involving the large displacement was modeled using discrete elements, whereas the rest of the domain was modeled using finite elements. Forces acting on the discrete and finite elements were related by introducing interface elements at the boundary of the two domains. To improve the stability of the developed method, we used explicit time integration with different damping schemes applied to each domain to relax the system and to reach stability condition. With appropriate damping schemes, a relatively coarse finite element mesh can be used, resulting in significant savings in the computation time. The proposed algorithm was validated using three different benchmark problems, and the numerical results were compared with existing analytical and numerical solutions. The algorithm performance in solving practical soil–structure interaction problems was also investigated by simulating a large‐scale soft ground tunneling problem involving soil loss near an existing lining. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
93.
Thanh Duc Dang Thomas A. Cochrane Mauricio E. Arias Pham Dang Tri Van Tonny T. de Vries 《水文研究》2016,30(21):3824-3838
The Mekong floodplains, which encompasses the region from Kratie Township in Central Cambodia to the Vietnamese East Sea, is a region of globally renown agricultural productivity and biodiversity. The construction of 135 dams across the Mekong basin and the development of delta‐based flood prevention systems have caused public concern given possible threats on the stability of agricultural and ecological systems in the floodplains. Mekong dams store water upstream and regulate flow seasonality, while in situ flood prevention systems re‐distribute water retention capacity in the floodplains. The main aim of this paper is to evaluate possible impacts of the recent development of both hydropower dams and flood prevention systems on hydrological regimes in the Mekong floodplains. An analysis of measured daily and hourly water level data for key stations in the Mekong floodplains from Kratie to the river mouth in Vietnam was conducted. Hydropower dam information was obtained from the hydropower database managed by the Mekong River Commission, and the MODIS satellite imagery was used to detect changes in flooding extent related to the operation of flood prevention systems in the Vietnam Mekong Delta. Results indicate that the upper part of the floodplains, the Cambodian floodplains, may buffer upstream dam impacts to the Vietnam Mekong Delta. Flood prevention up to date has had the greatest effect on the natural hydrological regime of the Mekong floodplains, evidenced by a significant increase of water level rise and fall rates in the upper delta and causing water levels in the middle delta to increase. The development of flood prevention systems has also effected spatial distribution of flooding as indicated via a time series analysis of satellite imagery. While this development leads to increase localized agricultural productivity, our historical data analysis indicates that development of one region detrimentally affects other regions within the delta, which could increase the risk of future conflicts among regions, economic sectors and the ecological value of these important floodplains. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
94.
Dang Xiaohu Zhang Miao Xia Zidun Fan Liangxin Liu Guobin Zhao Gaochang Tao Rui Wei Xuexiao 《GeoJournal》2021,86(4):1639-1655
GeoJournal - As the largest conservation program and payments for ecosystem services in China, the grain-for-green program (GGP) has substantially changed land use and cover, and reduced soil... 相似文献
95.
Molecular characterizations of oxytetracycline resistant bacteria and their resistance genes from mariculture waters of China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Oxytetracycline-resistant bacteria were isolated from a mariculture farm in China, and accounted for 32.23% and 5.63% of the total culturable microbes of the sea cucumber and the sea urchin rearing waters respectively. Marine vibrios, especially strains related to Vibrio splendidus or V. tasmaniensis, were the most abundant resistant isolates. For oxytetracycline resistance, tet(A), tet(B) and tet(D) genes were detected in both sea cucumber and sea urchin rearing ponds. The dominant resistance type for V. tasmaniensis-like strains was the combination of both tet(A) and tet(B) genes, while the major resistance type for V. splendidus-like strains was a single tet(D) gene. Most of the sea cucumber tet-positive isolates harbored a chloramphenicol-resistance gene, either cat IV or cat II, while only a few sea urchin tet-positive isolates harbored a cat gene, actually cat IV. The coexistence of tet and cat genes in the strains isolated from the mariculture farm studied was helpful in explaining some of the multi-resistance mechanisms. 相似文献
96.
矿山开采活动中地下水与生态环境保护是需要综合利用多学科思想与理论解决的难题,仅从采矿工程学角度难以解决根本问题。文中从生态水文地质学的角度,针对陕北采煤安全必须疏排水和陕北能源基地建设亟须水资源支撑的现状,提出了通过充分地利用煤田地下水满足强劲用水需求来保护水资源的对策,并从矿区水文地质结构、地下水循环条件出发,根据矿区植被生态风险区划、采煤影响地下水区划,提出了建立保护矿山水资源的采煤秩序、不同阶段地下水保护与开发利用区划以及矿山掘进过程中保护性开采地下水的水源地布局规划原则与建设方案。 相似文献
97.
In order to understand the effects of a landfill operation on groundwater flow behavior, a 2D horizontal groundwater simulation
model was carried out. The model saved the memory of computer and time consumption, comparing it with the 3D groundwater flow
model. However, the greatest difficulty is the assignment of the collecting pipe boundary at the study site. Therefore, a
2D vertical model was applied to calculate the change of the groundwater table above the collecting pipe. This paper focuses
on examining the validation of the assignment of the collecting pipe boundary by applying the results of the 2D vertical model.
The 2D horizontal model was coupled with the recharge model to solve the partial differential equation of groundwater flow.
The finite difference method and iterative successive over relaxation were applied. The drainage volume of leachate collection
was summed up in the whole landfill site and compared with the average volume of treated wastewater. The study demonstrated
that the results of the 2D vertical model validated and can be applied to the 2D horizontal groundwater flow simulation. 相似文献
98.
99.
利用数十口井的电性、岩性及分析化验资料,将柴达木盆地西部地区古近纪与新近纪沉积相划分为七种相和亚相:洪积锥、水下冲积扇、河道和泛滥平原、滨湖、浅湖、较深湖和三角洲。沉积相的空间展布概括起来分为三大带:(1)阿尔金山前西段陡坡带洪积锥-水下冲积扇-扇三角洲-河道和泛滥平原-湖相 (2)阿尔金山前中段陡坡带洪积锥-水下冲积扇-湖相;(3)昆仑山前洪积锥-河道和泛滥平原-三角洲相。沉积相不仅影响着碎屑岩的成分和结构,而且也影响其物性与含油性。由洪积锥到水下冲积扇,到河道和泛滥平原,到三角洲,到湖相,石英和胶结物含量逐渐升高,岩屑和杂基含量逐渐降低,分选及磨圆变好,颗粒的粒级变细。浅层以河道和泛滥平原及三角洲相的物性最好,深层以三角洲相的物性最好,次为冲积扇,湖相最差。碎屑岩的油气富集以河道、泛滥平原和三角洲相最好,滨浅湖相油气富集最差。 相似文献
100.
Geochemistry and origin of the giant Quaternary shallow gas accumulations in the eastern Qaidam Basin, NW China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xiongqi Pang Wenzhi Zhao Aiguo Su Shuichang Zhang Maowen Li Yiqi Dang Fengying Xu Ruilian Zhou Daowei Zhang Ziyuan Xu Zhiqiang Guan Jianfa Chen Sumei Li 《Organic Geochemistry》2005,36(12):1636
This study provided an overview of the geological setting and geochemical characteristics of the Pleistocene shallow gas accumulations in the eastern Qaidam Basin, NW China. The five largest gas accumulations discovered in this region have a combined enclosure area of about 87 km2 and 7.9 trillion cubic feet (tcf) of proven gas reserves. The dominance of methane (mostly more than 99.9%) and the δ13C and δD values of methane (−68.51 to −65.00‰ and −227.55 to −221.94‰, respectively) suggest that these gases are biogenic, derived from the degradation of sedimentary organic matter by methanogens under relatively low temperatures (<75 °C). A sufficient supply and adequate preservation of organic matter in the Pleistocene sediments was made possible by the lake basin’s high altitude (2600–3000 m), high water salinity (>15% TDS) and strong stratification. The deposition and extensive lateral occurrence of lacustrine – shoreline sands/silts in beach sand sheets and sand bars provided excellent reservoirs for the biogenic gas generated from adjacent rocks. Effective but dynamic gas seals are provided by a combination of factors, such as the intermittent vertical variation in the sediment lithologies, hydraulic trapping due to the mudstone water saturation, the hydrocarbon gradient created as the result of gas generation from potential caprocks, and the presence of a regional caprock consisting of 400–800 m of muds and evaporites. It appears that the most favorable traps for large gas accumulations occur on structural slopes near the major gas kitchen, and the prolific gas pools are often those large gentle anticlines with little faulting complication. 相似文献