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Generation and accumulation of Quaternary shallow gas in eastern Qaidam Basin, NW China

1INTRODUCTION SHALLOW(MOSTLYBIOGENIC)GASACCOUNTSFOROVER20%OFTHEWORLD’SDISCOVEREDGASRESERVES(RICEAND CLAYPOOL,1981;CLAYPOOLANDKAPLAN,1974),AND REPRESENTSONEOFTHEUNCONVENTIONALENERGYSOURCES THATINCREASINGLYATTRACTTHEATTENTIONOFPETROLEUMGEOL OGISTS.NUMEROUS…     

陕北侏罗纪煤田地下水保护对策与开采利用方案研究

矿山开采活动中地下水与生态环境保护是需要综合利用多学科思想与理论解决的难题,仅从采矿工程学角度难以解决根本问题。文中从生态水文地质学的角度,针对陕北采煤安全必须疏排水和陕北能源基地建设亟须水资源支撑的现状,提出了通过充分地利用煤田地下水满足强劲用水需求来保护水资源的对策,并从矿区水文地质结构、地下水循环条件出发,根据矿区植被生态风险区划、采煤影响地下水区划,提出了建立保护矿山水资源的采煤秩序、不同阶段地下水保护与开发利用区划以及矿山掘进过程中保护性开采地下水的水源地布局规划原则与建设方案。     

一次飑线过程的雷达回波分析与数值模拟

2003年4月12日, 一条飑线袭击了江西、福建、浙江三省, 所到之处出现冰雹、大风等强烈天气, 这次过程强度强, 影响范围大, 三省交界及附近区域有二十多个测站出现冰雹、大风, 冰雹直径有的达3 cm以上, 最大风速达32 m/s。该文利用建阳新一代天气雷达探测到的回波以及中尺度非静力数值模式 (MM5) 对这次过程进行数值模拟, 分析此次强对流过程。结果表明:雷达回波显示出飑线的带状强回波, 线状回波上呈现波型特征; 在数值模拟结果中看到在系统发生的带状区域内有多个中尺度涡旋存在, 在飑线内有中尺度涡旋簇和弓形回波。     

Hydrological alterations from water infrastructure development in the Mekong floodplains

The Mekong floodplains, which encompasses the region from Kratie Township in Central Cambodia to the Vietnamese East Sea, is a region of globally renown agricultural productivity and biodiversity. The construction of 135 dams across the Mekong basin and the development of delta‐based flood prevention systems have caused public concern given possible threats on the stability of agricultural and ecological systems in the floodplains. Mekong dams store water upstream and regulate flow seasonality, while in situ flood prevention systems re‐distribute water retention capacity in the floodplains. The main aim of this paper is to evaluate possible impacts of the recent development of both hydropower dams and flood prevention systems on hydrological regimes in the Mekong floodplains. An analysis of measured daily and hourly water level data for key stations in the Mekong floodplains from Kratie to the river mouth in Vietnam was conducted. Hydropower dam information was obtained from the hydropower database managed by the Mekong River Commission, and the MODIS satellite imagery was used to detect changes in flooding extent related to the operation of flood prevention systems in the Vietnam Mekong Delta. Results indicate that the upper part of the floodplains, the Cambodian floodplains, may buffer upstream dam impacts to the Vietnam Mekong Delta. Flood prevention up to date has had the greatest effect on the natural hydrological regime of the Mekong floodplains, evidenced by a significant increase of water level rise and fall rates in the upper delta and causing water levels in the middle delta to increase. The development of flood prevention systems has also effected spatial distribution of flooding as indicated via a time series analysis of satellite imagery. While this development leads to increase localized agricultural productivity, our historical data analysis indicates that development of one region detrimentally affects other regions within the delta, which could increase the risk of future conflicts among regions, economic sectors and the ecological value of these important floodplains. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高分辨率时序InSAR在矿区开采沉陷监测中的应用--以霄云矿区为例

煤炭资源的高强度开采在促进社会经济发展的同时,也造成了一系列地质环境问题。采煤沉陷区的综合治理及生态修复亟需矿区现状调查数据作为基础支撑,而现状数据的快速更新在监测效率、经济代价及可延续性方面对当前测量方法及工作手段提出了更高的要求。该文以济宁市霄云矿区为例,采用时序InSAR技术对2016—2018年间的15期高分辨率RADARSAT-2XF模式影像开展解译处理,获取霄云矿区的时空形变特征,并结合不同时段开采工作面位置进行了监测结果分析。结果表明,高分辨率时序InSAR技术能够有效识别矿区开采引起的形变迹象,满足采煤沉陷区下沉信息精确获取的监测要求,为大范围开采沉陷信息的获取及影响程度的划定提供了可靠技术方法。     

快速Walsh变换中的递归关系

在通讯技术、计算机、现代光学等各个方面都要用到Walsh变换,又如:为了减少图象处理中的复杂性和压缩图象传输中图象所占的频带,就要借助干Walsh变换。在快速Walsh变换中,往往先考虑Walsh—Hadamard变换;然后经过置换,可以转化为Walsh—Kaczmarz变换、Walsh—Paley变换。根据这些变换阵之间的关系式,我们研究了并矢矩阵的性质,以及变换阵的约化(reduction)算子D(m)。在[1]中,各变换阵在D(m)作用下,是通过另一种算子即所谓扩展(expansion)箅子表示它们的递归关系,本文则直接从D(m)给出三种变换的递归关系,这在计算上更为方便一些。     

Long‐term seismic performance of reinforced concrete bridges under steel reinforcement corrosion due to chloride attack

This work presents a new seismic evaluation methodology for corroded reinforced concrete bridges on the basis of nonlinear static pushover analysis. Corrosion of steel reinforcement by chloride attack is considered. At the material level, the effects of corrosion are considered by modeling the degradation of the mechanical properties of steel reinforcement, softening of cover concrete under compression, degradation of core concrete due to confinement steel corrosion, and reduction of bond strength between concrete and steel reinforcement. At the structural level, the effects of corrosion on both flexural behavior and shear behavior, and their interaction are considered. Eleven bridges of various structural types in Taiwan that are located within 6.5 km of their nearest coastline are analyzed to identify their long‐term seismic performance. Relationships between the yield and collapse peak ground accelerations (PGAs), and service time and corrosion level are established for each bridge. Analysis results show that chloride corrosion starts in 2–32 years. The transverse steel reinforcement typically starts corroding before the longitudinal steel reinforcement, as the former has a thicker cover. Research results show that collapse PGA reduces by 0.94% or 1.23% per 10 years when the mean value plus 1 or 2 standard deviation of the collapse PGA values are considered, respectively. Therefore, we suggest increasing the design PGA from 4.70% to 6.15% for a bridge adjacent to a coastline to ensure adequate long‐term seismic performance for 50 years, the typical design life span of a regular bridge. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

两种尺寸蒸渗计测量实际蒸散差异性试验研究

利用试验资料,对蒸散面积2 m²和4 m²两种尺寸蒸渗计测量蒸散量的差异及原因进行了研究。结果表明：2 m²蒸渗计与4 m²蒸渗计所测蒸散量具有很好的一致性,但2 m²蒸渗计所测蒸散量总体要略偏大,日蒸散量平均偏大4%,月蒸散量平均偏大10%,年蒸散量相对偏大5%;典型天气条件下,2 m²蒸渗计和4 m²蒸渗计所测蒸散量的日变化过程基本相同,小时蒸散量的差异表现为晴天时白天显著偏大、夜晚略有偏小,阴天时白天略偏大、夜晚较接近,雨天时白天、夜晚均非常接近的特征。晴天和阴天时,2 m²蒸渗计比4 m²蒸渗计测量日蒸散量分别偏大1.78 mm和0.12 mm,雨天时偏小0.11 mm;2 m²蒸渗计比4 m²蒸渗计测量蒸散量总体偏大的原因,主要是2 m²蒸渗计土壤温度显著高于4 m²蒸渗计和建造时间不同导致土体内部土壤湿度产生差异。     

Simulation of the Jiuzhaigou,China, earthquake by stochastic finite-fault method based on variable stress drop

Natural Hazards - An improved stochastic finite-fault method was used to simulate the Mw 6.6 earthquake that occurred on August 8, 2017, in Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan, China. A variation of the stochastic...