北海涠洲岛珊瑚多色性分布规律初步研究

正涠洲岛位于北部湾中部(中国新闻网,2015),属亚热带季风气候,远离大陆,海水清洁,广泛发育珊瑚礁群落(王欣等,2009)。涠洲岛具有丰富多彩的海蚀、海积与海滩地貌(北海涠洲岛网,2015)。作者于2018年3月1日～3月4日赴涠洲岛进行为期4天的调研工作,通过观察发现,海滩砂主要由珊瑚和贝壳碎屑构成,珊瑚碎块大量呈白色,但也见有少量的灰色、粉色等,本文探究不同颜色     

黄河冲积层静止土压力系数原位测定与分析

静止土压力系数K0与其他物理力学性质相互制约,变化特征复杂,加之试验条件、理论假设条件不同,表达形式多样,结果迥异。依托济南地铁工程勘察,采用原位土体水平压力测定仪（KSB）对济南西北部黄河厚冲积层现场测试,将测试结果与原位旁压试验、室内侧压力仪K0试验结果,以及考虑黏性土内摩擦角、塑性指数的K0计算公式进行对比,分析表明：KSB测试结果以指数形式插值推算原位静止土压力系数更优;20 m深度范围内黄河冲积层黏性土可近似为正常固结饱和状态,K0介于0.4～0.7之间并随埋深减小,而Jaky公式计算值偏高,室内土工试验K0值偏低;以固结快剪内摩擦角 或等效内摩擦角 修正Jaky公式的计算结果更接近KSB实测值。     

土体电阻率与导热系数的相关性实验研究

将南京下蜀土与中砂以不同比例混合,配制了四种土样,利用室内四极法分别测试了每种土样在不同含水率条件下 的电阻率,发现随含水率和黏土颗粒含量的增加,土体电阻率减小;同时,采用DRE导热系数测试仪测试了每个试样的导 热系数,发现随含水率和砂含量的增高,导热系数增大。已有研究表明,土的电阻率与导热系数均与土体饱和度及孔隙率 等物理性质有关。通过将土的电阻率与导热系数进行拟合,发现两者符合指数关系,并建立了表征电阻率与导热系数相关 性的数学模型。该文研究结果为利用现场实测的电阻率指标间接求取土体的导热系数提供了依据。     

川北下寒武统仙女洞组台缘斜坡碳酸盐岩重力流沉积

基于重力流剖面的野外观察、露头解剖及镜下鉴定等分析手段,对四川盆地北部下寒武统仙女洞组台缘斜坡碳酸盐 岩重力流沉积及发育机制进行了研究。研究区位于仙女洞组,主要沉积粉砂质泥岩、生屑泥晶灰岩、藻灰岩等3种岩石类 型;根据层面上产出形态的不同,将该区碳酸盐岩重力流沉积分为似瘤状碳酸盐岩重力流沉积和角砾型碳酸盐岩重力流沉 积2类。结合露头区重力流沉积物粒度及岩性变化,将碳酸盐岩重力流沉积由下至上划分出5个发育期次,期次内部重力流 沉积物由细变粗,纵向上呈现出明显的叠置关系,与仙女洞组时期所经历的海退环境大致吻合。地震、风暴浪等触发机制 导致台缘斜坡上部松散沉积的灰泥丘块体发生破碎并沿斜坡发生滑塌,伴随水体注入,大块砾石在沉积物-水体混合的环 境中发生破碎搅动,形成大小不等的块体,深水底流等作用对未固结或弱固结的砾屑灰岩进行溶蚀、改造,最终形成了层 面形态特征不同的2类似瘤状碳酸盐岩重力流沉积。角砾型碳酸盐岩重力流沉积则主要是未破碎的巨型灰泥丘块体经搬运 和短距离滑塌,最终与似瘤状砾屑灰岩共同沉积而成。     

北京通州某改造区土壤中PAHs的来源分析及风险评价

近些年,随着我国城市化进程不断加快,土壤中多环芳烃污染已经成为威胁土壤环境质量和人体健康的主要因素。文章采集了北京市通州某改造区15件表层土壤（0~20 cm）样品,利用GC-MS分析技术,研究了土壤中美国环境保护署（USEPA）优控的16种多环芳烃（PAHs）的含量及组分特征,根据多环芳烃的空间分布特征和特定成分之间的浓度比值结合多元统计法分析了其污染来源,初步评价了其污染水平,并进行健康风险评价。结果表明:表层土壤中16种多环芳烃含量范围为6.57~8 307.2 μg/kg,均值为1 004.08 μg/kg。多环芳烃组分特征及Fla与（Fla+Pyr）、BaA与(BaA+Chr)的相对质量比值特征显示改造区是燃煤和汽车尾气混合型来源;多元统计后发现石油烃类污染源和化石燃料燃烧源是两种主要成分。最后参照《污染场地风险评估技术导则（HJ 25.3—2014）》对土壤中PAHs进行了健康风险评价,除苯并（a）芘（BaP）致癌风险值略偏高不可接受外,其余致癌与非致癌风险值均可接受。     

Risk assessment of heavy metals in topsoil along the banks of theYangtze River in Huangshi,China

High concentrations of heavy metal in farmland threatens food production and human health. Our study assesses soil quality and the distribution of Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni, to identify possible sources of heavy metals along the banks of the Yangtze River in Huangshi. Heavy metal concentrations of 22 topsoil samples were measured using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry instrument and data was analyzed by multivariate statistic approaches. Heavy metal contamination risk assessment was performed using a combination of the Nemerow multi-factor index method, the Hakanson potential ecological risk index method and the Muller index of geo-accumulation method. These methods determined similar results indicating that cadmium (Cd) poses a health risk to residents at the study site while Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni do not. The Nemerow multi-factor index method demonstrated that 18 samples were heavily polluted, three moderately polluted and one lightly polluted. The Muller index of geo-accumulation method found ten samples were moderately to strongly polluted by Cd, five were moderately polluted, six were lightly to moderately polluted and one was lightly polluted. The Hakanson potential ecological risk index method proved six samples were strongly polluted, seven were moderately polluted and nine were lightly polluted. Since our sampling sites were all in agricultural lands, we recommend the potential ecological risk index method as the most effective given it not only considers the range of pollutants contributing to soil pollution but factors in heavy metals toxicity. We are apt that the source of the high concentrations of Cd found in topsoil is derived from alluvial sediments upstream of the Yangtze River with a high percentage of residual speciation and a low percentage of exchangeable speciation distribution of Cd. This in turns indicates that a high concentration of Cd in soil had little impact on the natural environment. However, 31.9% of the iron-manganese oxides bound speciation indicating that such levels of Cd in soil would be potentially hazardous to the crops, particularly if exposed to a reductive condition.     

海上复杂断块油田储层流动单元研究与应用——以北部湾A油田A1/A5断块为例

开展海上复杂断块油田储层流动单元研究对刻画储层连通程度、剩余油的分布情况有着十分重要的实际意义。以北部湾A油田A1/A5断块为例,首先对复合砂体内单砂体的识别来建立流动单元研究的精细地质格架,然后结合断层封闭性、隔夹层分布、砂体接触关系所形成的渗流屏障进行流动单元划分。利用主成分分析和相关性分析的方法进行参数优选,确定孔隙度、泥质含量、渗流系数作为研究区流动单元分类的主要参数,并通过神经网络聚类分析将流动单元分为3类。在单井、剖面、平面流动单元展布研究的基础上,运用截断高斯模拟方法建立流动单元三维地质模型。结果表明:Ⅰ类流动单元具有最好的储渗能力,所钻油井累计产量比较高,但分布范围局限,成土豆状分布于水下分流河道中心部分;Ⅱ类分布范围最广,储渗能力较好,分布在水下分流河道微相中,剩余油分布较多,通过调整挖潜可以开发其生产潜力;Ⅲ类大多成条带状分布,主要位于水下溢岸砂沉积部位,储渗能力最差,产量很低,其开发潜力也比较差。     

奥陶系宝塔灰岩网纹构造成因研究进展及新发现

综述了扬子地区分布广泛的奥陶系宝塔灰岩网纹构造成因的研究进展,整合了多位学者的主要观点及认识,结合四川旺苍唐家河等地奥陶系剖面的考察与镜下薄片观察,对网纹构造及其成因进行了深入研究并提出未来研究方向的思考与建议。学界目前普遍认为这种网纹构造并非暴露干裂成因,生物遗迹、海底硬地、准同生变形构造等成因解释也缺乏足够的证据支持,但关于水下胶缩、成岩作用以及构造作用等解释仍在热烈讨论中;对四川广元旺苍唐家河剖面宝塔灰岩的野外考察过程中发现了一些新的现象,比如在灰色宝塔灰岩中观察到了非沥青充填的“黑色细纹”,网纹构造的形态、泥质含量等也随沉积旋回而呈现出规律性变化。进一步研究这些新的现象或许能为后期确定网纹构造的成因提供新的证据。     

青海省太阳辐射强度时空变化特征分析

利用西宁、刚察、格尔木、玉树和玛沁5站的1971-2014年逐日总辐射资料和青海省50个气象台站的温度、降水和日照时数等气象资料,分析了太阳辐射量与气象要素的内在关系,建立了无辐射观测资料地区的太阳辐射推算方法,并根据推算出的各气象站点太阳辐射量,分析了青海省全境太阳辐射量变化规律及分布特征。研究结果表明：青海省年太阳总辐射量在5 668~7 091 MJ·m^-2之间,由西北向东南逐渐递减,全省年太阳总辐射量超过6 000 MJ·m^-2的有42个站点,占全省总站点的84%。太阳总辐射量在春、夏季自东南向西北部逐渐增加,在秋季自西北向东南部逐渐减小,冬季全省各地差异较小。青海省4-8月的太阳辐射量最强,旬太阳辐射量主要集中在3月上旬-10月上旬,周太阳辐射量主要集中在第12周-第43周。青海省太阳日辐射变化趋势均呈抛物线型,早晨和傍晚辐射值较低,日出后开始呈上升趋势,北京时间13：00左右达到最高值后开始下降。日辐射持续时间从3月开始增加,9月开始减少。     

Spatial-temporal Variations of H2 Concentration in Soil Gas in the Seismic Fault Zone Produced by the Wenchuan MS 8.0 Earthquake

Degassing of Hydrogen (H₂) from fault may be a good indicator of fault activity. The concentration of H₂ in soil gas in the seismic surface rupture zone produced by the Wenchuan M_S 8.0 earthquake was investigated in twenty three measuring regions in order to explore the relationship between the spatio-temporal variations of H₂ concentration in soil gas along the seismic rupture zone and the vertical displacements and aftershocks activities. The results indicated: ① the sources of H₂ were directly related to from the release of natural gas reservoirs; ②the average concentration of H₂ in soil gas spatially decreased from Yingxiu to Nanba; ③the magnitudes of the H₂ concentration anomalies declined significantly with time. It is very significant to study the variation tendency of atmospheric environment with further research of degassing of H₂ from faults.