燕山地区中元古代常州沟组潜穴化石

在燕山地区中元古代常州沟组中发育有大量的潜穴化石，潜穴产于常州沟组中部的泥质粉砂岩中。潜穴呈个体较大的直管状，垂直层面保存。这是我国迄今为止发现的最古老的遗迹化石，表明在距今近1800Ma前就已出现古老的后生动物，这对于研究后生动物的起源及演化具有重要意义。     

Monitoring Glacial Shrinkage Using Remote Sensing and Site-Observation Method on Southern Slope of Kalik Mountain, Eastern Tian Shan, China

Currently, one of the effective means in monitoring glacier change in regional scale is remote sensing and site-observation method. In this article, we present a study of comparing glacier area in 2005 derived from SPOT5 satellite image with area in 1972 derived from topographic maps. Moreover, Miaoergou (庙儿沟) flat-summit glacier is site observed to verify glacial change in regional scale. During the study period, glaciers located in the southern slope of Kalik (喀尔里克) Mountain re-duced their area by 12.3%. ...     

山东小清河流域湖泊的环境变迁

小清河流域为西起济南,东至渤海湾,南缘泰鲁沂山地北麓,北界黄河之间的区域。在史前及历史时期,小清河流域湖泊广布,在地层沉积记录和古文献记载中均得以证明。这些湖泊形成于早全新世,在中全新世达到鼎盛,晚全新世以来湖泊逐渐衰退与消亡,如原来存在的鹊山湖、浒山湖、清水泊等湖泊,这在古文献中也多有记载,现已在平原上消失。本文着重对麻大湖、锦秋湖、白云湖等的历史演变进行了探讨。通过查阅历史文献、地层剖面分析、地名考证等多种途径和方法对小清河流域的湖泊消失的原因进行了研究和分析。认为在气候变干的大背景下,湖泊消失的原因主要有两个：一是黄河泛滥所造成的小清河流域的泥沙淤积;二是疏浚河道、围湖造田、过渡利用水资源等人类活动的影响。研究本区湖泊的形成与消亡,对恢复古环境、探讨其演变过程有着重要的意义。     

Genesis of the Xinqiao Gold-Sulfide Orefield, Anhui Province, China

The Xinqiao S-Fe-Cu-Au orefield is located in the Tongling ore cluster in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in East China. There have been many researches regarding the genesis of the Xinqiao orefield in recent years, showing that it belongs to various types, such as sedimentary-reformed type, stratabound-skarn type, sedimentary submarine rocks-hosted exhalative type. We propose that it was formed in two periods of mineralization base on systematic field observation and Pb and S isotopic analyses in nearly ten years. The first period was formed during a syngenetic sedimentary process, whereas the massive sulphide orebodies are mainly related to the Yanshanian granitic magmatism. Sulfide metallic mineral associations show zoning around a granite intrusion, i.e. magnetite and pyrite→pyrite, chalcopyrite and native gold→pyrite, sphalerite and galena. Gold orebodies occur outside the contact zone of the granite intrusion.     

铜陵冬瓜山层状铜矿同位素地球化学及成矿机制研究

长江中下游地区是中国重要的铜、金、硫产地,区内分布着一系列喷流沉积及喷流沉积热液叠加改造型层状铜金矿床。本文以冬瓜山层状铜矿床为例,通过热液流体和矿石同位素地球化学研究,探讨层状铜矿床的成矿机制,重点分析了成矿物质的来源。冬瓜山铜矿床热液流体氢、氧、碳和锶同位素分析表明,成矿热液流体主要来自岩浆,混有少量大气降水;CO2可能主要来自被岩浆同化的原始地层中海相沉积碳酸盐;ISr具有地壳物质来源的特征。各种类型矿石的硫、铅同位素研究显示,硫具有海底喷流沉积和后期岩浆热液叠加作用的特征,铅则以上地壳铅为主,混有少量的地幔铅。上述同位素地球化学特征表明冬瓜山层状铜矿床是在原始沉积基础上,经燕山期岩浆热液叠加成矿作用所形成。     

标本非均匀性对岩石变形声发射时空分布的影响及其地震学意义

基于一组实验结果,讨论了岩石标本的非均匀性（预存微裂纹和宏观裂纹）对声发射 时空分布的影响. 对比分析表明,预存微裂纹的存在使得破裂成核前声发射率快速增加、 b值表现出一种短期异常现象,即在下降背景上出现起伏,从而增加了破裂时间的可预报 性. 宏观结构（节理、层面等）的存在对声发射率和b值的影响与微裂纹相同,而且宏 观结构对声发射的空间分布具有控制作用,声发射丛集的宏观构造通常控制着未来的主破裂 . 这意味着宏观构造的存在使得主破裂的时间和位置预报成为可能.      

新疆东天山斑岩型铜矿带及其大地构造格局

新疆哈密南部发现的土屋、延东大型斑岩铜(钼)矿床,构成了东天山斑岩铜矿带。其中成矿的斜长花岗斑岩同位素年龄为369～356 Ma(Rb-Sr等时线法和单颗粒锆石U-Pb法),辉钼矿的同位素年龄为320 Ma(Re-Os等时线法),蚀变岩的同位素年龄为341～310Ma,含矿围岩由粗面质玄武岩到粗安岩,可能属于泥盆纪(416Ma,Sm-Nd法;>356 Ma、390 Ma、440 Ma,单颗粒锆石U-Pb法)。矿床成因归属为岛弧火山—深成作用产物。斑岩铜矿带的南部为著名的康古尔塔格金矿带,再往南为星星峡银矿带。这些造山带矿床组合由北而南构成斑岩型铜(钽)矿带→韧性剪切带型和浅成热液型金矿带→浅成热液型(构造蚀变带型)钼矿带,显示了构造岩浆是由北而南下插的,岩浆侵位时间北老南新,花岗质岩浆源区的部分熔融深度由北而南加深。反映壳幔演化的东天山构造岩浆作用从370 Ma到240 Ma、从北部的哈尔里克和康古尔塔格到南部的中天山,似乎存在一个连续的花岗质岩浆演化带,丝毫看不到深部作用过程由于古生代东天山数度拉张沦为海槽而被中断的迹象。基于以上主要证据,本文综合讨论了东天山斑岩型铜矿、韧性剪切带型金矿和构造蚀变带型银矿的形成机制及其大地构造格局,建立了东天山造山带的成矿模型,为今后找矿开辟了新方向。     

Geochemistry of Subvolcanic-Type Copper-Silver Deposits in Eastern China

The metallogenesis of subvolcanic deposits is controlled by subvolcanic activities. The copper polymetallic deposits are genetically related to intermediate-acid rocks, and the silver polymetallic deposits are more closely related to acid rocks. The abundance of Cu is relatively high in the intermediate-acid rocks and subvolcanic rocks, whereas the abundances of Pb, An and Ag are high in acid rocks, indicating rich ore-forming elements in original magmas. The study of REEs shows that the magmatic type related to copper deposits is the syntectic type, and that related to silver polymetallic deposits is mainly the re-melting type. The deposits were formed under medium-low temperatures and low salinity. The metallogenic times were the late stage of the early Yanshanian or the late Yanshanian, dating 78-147 Ma.     

北天山巴音沟蛇绿岩形成于早石炭世:来自辉长岩LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄的证据

北天山巴音沟蛇绿岩中堆晶辉长岩的LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb测年结果确定:巴音沟蛇绿岩中辉长岩形成的同位素地质年代为344.0±3.4Ma。表明巴音沟蛇绿岩所代表的洋盆形成于早石炭世。综合前人天山石炭纪蛇绿岩及构造演化的研究成果,笔者认为巴音沟蛇绿岩是大陆板内强烈拉张的产物。     

五十年来中国小型构造研究的回顾与展望

50年来我国小型构造的研究从对单个形态的几何学描述到对区域构造的全方位、多尺度、多层次、多体制和多世代的综合解析。研究的进展主要表现为：对构造形态和方位的系统分析；定量分析和物质平衡原理在构造分析中的应用；以地壳流变学的研究和从构造的力学分析到构造体制分析等方面。与地球物理、地球化学、变质地质学和地质年代等多学科的配合极大地促进了构造地质学的发展。初步形成了解析构造学的理论体系和方法学。 文中还指出了当前在构造研究中的不足和今后的努力方向。