1975-2006年西藏羊卓雍错流域内湖泊水位变化对气候变化的响应

根据1975年地形图、1988年至2006年的TM、CBERS卫星遥感资料和1962-2006年逐年平均气温、降水量、蒸发量、相对湿度、风速和日照时数等气象资料以及1974-2005年的湖泊水位水文资料,对西藏羊卓雍错及其流域内的空姆错、沉错和巴纠错等4个湖泊的水位变化以及对气候变化的响应作了分析.结果表明:该区湖泊面积在近30 a来呈缓慢下降趋势,2005年与1975年相比,分别减少了46.55 km2、1.73km2、0.03 km2、6.01 km2,减少幅度分别为7.2%、4.3%、0.1%、13.6%.其主要原因是,由于羊卓雍错的湖水主要以降水补给为主,在降水增加、气温上升的情况下由于升温引起的湖泊蒸发效应超过降水增加导致的补给影响,是湖泊面积下降的主要原因.     

Co‐seismic Faults and Geological Hazards and Incidence of Active Fault of Wenchuan Ms 8.0 Earthquake,Sichuan, China

Abstract: There are two co-seismic faults which developed when the Wenchuan earthquake happened. One occurred along the active fault zone in the central Longmen Mts. and the other in the front of Longmen Mts. The length of which is more than 270 km and about 80 km respectively. The co-seismic fault shows a reverse flexure belt with strike of N45°–60°E in the ground, which caused uplift at its northwest side and subsidence at the southeast. The fault face dips to the northwest with a dip angle ranging from 50° to 60°. The vertical offset of the co-seismic fault ranges 2.5–3.0 m along the Yingxiu-Beichuan co-seismic fault, and 1.5–1.1 m along the Doujiangyan-Hanwang fault. Movement of the co-seismic fault presents obvious segmented features along the active fault zone in central Longmen Mts. For instance, in the section from Yingxiu to Leigu town, thrust without evident slip occurred; while from Beichuan to Qingchuan, thrust and dextral strike-slip take place. Main movement along the front Longmen Mts. shows thrust without slip and segmented features. The area of earthquake intensity more than IX degree and the distribution of secondary geological hazards occurred along the hanging wall of co-seismic faults, and were consistent with the area of aftershock, and its width is less than 40km from co-seismic faults in the hanging wall. The secondary geological hazards, collapses, landslides, debris flows et al., concentrated in the hanging wall of co-seismic fault within 0–20 km from co-seismic fault.     

Diagenesis and Restructuring Mechanism of Oil and Gas Reservoir in the Marine Carbonate Formation,Northeastern Sichuan:A Case Study of the Puguang Gas Reservoir

Abstract: Based on the technology of balanced cross-section and physical simulation experiments associated with natural gas geochemical characteristic analyses, core and thin section observations, it has been proven that the Puguang gas reservoir has experienced two periods of diagenesis and restructuring since the Late Indo-Chinese epoch. One is the fluid transfer controlled by the tectonic movement and the other is geochemical reconstruction controlled by thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). The middle Yanshan epoch was the main period that the Puguang gas reservoir experienced the geochemical reaction of TSR. TSR can recreate the fluid in the gas reservoir, which makes the gas drying index higher and carbon isotope heavier because C2+ (ethane and heavy hydrocarbon) and 12C (carbon 12 isotope) is first consumed relative to CH4 and 13C? (carbon 13 isotope). However, the reciprocity between fluid regarding TSR (hydrocarbon, sulfureted hydrogen (H2S)?, and water) and reservoir rock results in reservoir rock erosion and anhydrite alteration, which increases porosity in reservoir, thereby improving the petrophysical properties. Superimposed by later tectonic movement, the fluid in Puguang reservoir has twice experienced adjustment, one in the late Yanshan epoch to the early Himalayan epoch and the other time in late Himalayan epoch, after which Puguang gas reservoir is finally developed.     

用标贯法对盘锦城区砂土液化进行等级分区

本文针对盘锦城区砂土液化不良地质作用,采用工程地质勘察中的原位测试——标准贯入试验法结合前人在此所作的地质调查资料和工程地质勘察资料,按照《建筑抗震设计规范》（GB5001-2001）相关规定,对盘锦城区的砂土液化进行相应的等级分区,对于盘锦市今后的工程建设具有实用意义。     

塔北地区构造和演化特征及其对油气成藏的控制

塔北隆起为塔里木盆地最富有油气的构造单元之一,其纵向上可分为中新生界和古生界两大构造层,上下特征有较大的差异性:古生界受到六条基底逆断层及其伴生断裂控制,构造格局可以划分为"四隆两凹"的构造单元:英买力低凸起、轮台低凸起、哈拉哈塘凹陷、轮南低凸起、草湖凹陷以及库尔勒鼻隆,该格局长期继承性发育,并逐层遭受剥蚀形成整个塔北残余古隆起,其上构造圈闭十分发育,同时由于暴露时间长,碳酸盐岩储层非常发育;中新生界整体上表现为南高北低的北倾斜坡形态,受到下伏古生界断层的后期活化影响,发育局部圈闭。塔北当前的构造格局在演化过程中主要形成于海西期,后期变化较小。研究表明,塔北地区构造演化大致经历了三大阶段:晚加里东-早海西期的稳定抬升剥蚀期,塔北在南倾的大斜坡背景上形成了北东-南西走向的轮南大型背斜,英买力低凸起初具雏形;晚海西-印支期的挤压抬升期,塔北隆起在原背景之上继承发展;燕山-喜山期为调整定型期,形成现今塔北地区构造格局。整体古生界构造格局形成早,稳定时间长,是库车油气和满加尔油气的长期指向区,控制了塔北地区油气分布,而多期的构造演化则控制了塔北地区油气藏不同时期的破坏和形成,也造就了目前塔北地区同时存在沥青、稠油、轻质油和天然气。     

VSD技术在构造裂缝预测分析中的应用——以和田古隆起区为例

构造裂缝是古岩溶发育的基础。由于裂缝分布的复杂性,其识别和分布预测一直是研究的难点。在对和田古隆起地质背景和构造特征分析的基础上,展开裂缝形成条件分析,通过分析裂缝发育程度、褶曲作用和断层活动参数之间的关系,建立裂缝发育定量判别的依据。本文利用VSD(裂缝空间描述)技术刻画不同地质时期裂缝发育状况,提出发育裂缝部位,纵张裂缝发育区集中于玛4井、山1井和玛南东段,断裂裂缝发育区有玛南断裂带西段,罗南1井两种裂缝均较发育,它们是古岩溶发育的有利部位。     

基于GLDAS的中国区地表能量平衡数值试验

利用全球陆面数据同化系统(GLDAS)的软件平台—陆面信息系统(LIS)模拟了中国区域2003年能量平衡方程的各个分量,在此基础上进行了残差分析和地表温度的对比验证。残差的分布具有一定的时空分布特征,残差的时间分布特征表明LIS对春秋两季的模拟效果要好于其它季节,残差的空间分布特征表明LIS对纬度较高和海拔较高地区的模拟效果要逊于其他地区。对比了模拟的GLDAS地表温度与MODIS地表温度产品,结果显示两者之间的差值介于-5～5K之间,两者的散点图和标准离差显示模拟的夜间地表温度要比模拟的白天地表温度精确2～3K。     

云南省东川铜矿区主要地质灾害与致损机制防控

云南省东川铜矿区因位于乌蒙山系侵蚀区和现代活动构造区,由于特殊的地形地貌、水文地质、新构造运动、植被、地层岩性和矿山开发等多因素耦合,东川铜矿区成为矿区地质灾害多发地区之一,这些诱发基本因素是矿山受损生态系统的致损机制。东川铜矿区开采历史较悠久且属于我国典型老矿山之一,由于长期的矿山开采和人类活动的影响,与本区特殊自然因素耦合等,一系列矿山地质灾害接踵而来,主要包括崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷、地裂缝、矿坑突水等,预防和治理矿山受损生态系统成为当前和今后首要难题之一。     

黄东海浮游生物群落呼吸率对碳平衡的重要性

黄东海接受长江冲淡水和黑潮带来的大量营养盐和有机物质,其碳循环对陆架海碳源汇格局至关重要.浮游生物群落呼吸是影响碳循环的重要过程.为揭示黄东海浮游生物群落呼吸率(PCR)对碳平衡的贡献,于2011年四季使用黑白瓶培养法测定黄海南部及东海北部浮游群落呼吸率和初级生产力,并同步测定温度、盐度、营养盐、叶绿素和细菌丰度等环境...     

基于Web GIS的有害生物灾害评估研究与实现

该文引入生物相似距模型,综合温度、湿度、降水等生物适生因素,求解有害生物适生指标;通过MapXtreme将有害生物适生指标进行可视化表达和灾害风险评估分析,并阐述生物相似距模型与网络地理信息系统的集成以及适生指标提取过程。