2022年9月5日四川泸定MS6.8地震引起的水温同震响应特征分析

基于全国地下流体观测网的水温观测数据,分析2022年9月5日四川泸定 M_S6.8 地震引起的水温同震响应特征,并结合同震静态应变场探讨了水温同震响应机理。结果表明,泸定 M_S6.8 地震水温同震观测点主要分布在龙门山断裂带和川滇菱形块体中南部; 震中距Δ≤500km范围内水温同震以下降—恢复型和上升型为主,水温同震项数及测项比随震中距的增加逐渐减少; 水温同震响应幅度与震中距和地震能量密度显著相关,且随震中距的增加呈指数衰减,随地震能量密度的增加呈指数增大; 水温同震响应持续时间主要集中在1天以内,持续时间随震中距的增加呈指数衰减。     

北京上空热层钠层的激光雷达观测

热层金属层位于电离层E层和F层的过渡区域,为研究105~200 km之间的中性和电离成分的相互作用过程提供了独特的示踪剂.为更好地了解热层金属层的来源和形成机制,本文基于北京延庆台站（40.42°N,116.02°E）的高精度钠荧光共振激光雷达的数据,根据观测到的热层钠原子层的形态特征和出现规律等以及参考先前的研究报道,将该台站上空的热层钠层主要归类为四种：低热层突发钠层、天亮前热层-电离层钠层、午夜热层-电离层钠层和中纬度热层-电离层钠层.我们对最后一种热层钠层进行了仔细研究,基于2018—2020年415个观测夜共约3914 h的数据,找到了17个该事件（出现率仅4.1%,且多发于冬季）.在14个完整事件中,仅约35.7%（5/14）的事件出现时间与附近地基台站观测到的电离层突发E层相似,但均早于电离层突发E层;剩下的9次事件与最近的突发E层的时间相差范围为2.5~8.6 h.因此,我们认为中纬度热层-电离层钠层与电离层突发E层相关性较弱,它应该有着其他可能的形成机制.

     

Evolution of permafrost in China during the last 20 ka

The formation and evolution of permafrost in China during the last 20 ka were reconstructed on the basis of large amount of paleo-permafrost remains and paleo-periglacial evidence, as well as paleo-glacial landforms, paleo-flora and paleofauna records. The results indicate that, during the local Last Glacial Maximum(LLGM) or local Last Permafrost Maximum(LLPMax), the extent of permafrost of China reached 5.3×106-5.4×106 km2, or thrice that of today, but permafrost shrank to only0.80×106-0.85×106 km2, or 50% that of present, during the local Holocene Megathermal Period(LHMP), or the local Last Permafrost Minimum(LLPMin). On the basis of the dating of periglacial remains and their distributive features, the extent of permafrost in China was delineated for the two periods of LLGM(LLPMax) and LHMP(LLPMin), and the evolution of permafrost in China was divided into seven periods as follows:(1) LLGM in Late Pleistocene(ca. 20000 to 13000-10800 a BP)with extensive evidence for the presence of intensive ice-wedge expansion for outlining its LLPMax extent;(2) A period of dramatically changing climate during the early Holocene(10800 to 8500-7000 a BP) when permafrost remained relatively stable but with a general trend of shrinking areal extent;(3) The LHMP in the Mid-Holocene(8500-7000 to 4000-3000 a BP)when permafrost degraded intensively and extensively, and shrank to the LLPMin;(4) Neoglaciation during the late Holocene(4000-3000 to 1000 a BP, when permafrost again expanded;(5) Medieval Warming Period(MWP) in the late Holocene(1000-500 a BP) when permafrost was in a relative decline;(6) Little Ice Age(LIA) in the late Holocene(500-100 a BP), when permafrost relatively expanded, and;(7) Recent warming(during the 20 th century), when permafrost continuously degraded and still is degrading. The paleo-climate, geography and paleopermafrost extents and other features were reconstructed for each of these seven periods.     

System identification of the Vincent Thomas suspension bridge using earthquake records

The Vincent Thomas Bridge in the Los Angeles metropolitan area, is a critical artery for commercial traffic flow in and out of the Los Angeles Harbor, and is at risk in the seismically active Southern California region, particularly because it straddles the Palos Verdes fault zone. A combination of linear and non‐linear system identification techniques is employed to obtain a complete reduced‐order, multi‐input–multi‐output (MIMO) dynamic model of the Vincent Thomas Bridge based on the dynamic response of the structure to the 1987 Whittier and 1994 Northridge earthquakes. Starting with the available acceleration measurements (which consists of 15 accelerometers on the bridge structure and 10 accelerometers at various locations on its base), an efficient least‐squares‐based time‐domain identification procedure is applied to the data set to develop a reduced‐order, equivalent linear, multi‐degree‐of‐freedom model. Although not the main focus of this study, the linear system identification method is also combined with a non‐parametric identification technique, to generate a reduced‐order non‐linear mathematical model suitable for use in subsequent studies to predict, with good fidelity, the total response of the bridge under arbitrary dynamic environments. Results of this study yield measurements of the equivalent linear modal properties (frequencies, mode shapes and non‐proportional damping) as well as quantitative measures of the extent and nature of non‐linear interaction forces arising from strong ground shaking. It is shown that, for the particular subset of observations used in the identification procedure, the apparent non‐linearities in the system restoring forces are quite significant, and they contribute substantially to the improved fidelity of the model. Also shown is the potential of the identification technique under discussion to detect slight changes in the structure's influence coefficients, which may be indicators of damage and degradation in the structure being monitored. Difficulties associated with accurately estimating damping for lightly damped long‐span structures from their earthquake response are discussed. The technical issues raised in this paper indicate the need for added spatial resolution in sensor instrumentation to obtain identified mathematical models of structural systems with the broadest range of validity. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

甘肃及邻近地区的地壳应力场

本文利用40个地震震源机制解和3个小震综合解研究了甘肃及邻近地区的地壳应力场。结果表明,由甘肃西部到东南部,主压应力方向由北40°东逐渐变为北90°东,P轴仰角大多小于30°,其水平方向垂直于青藏高原东北边缘。反映了该区的力源主要来自于印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞。一些地区局部应力场的变化对研究断层活动有重要意义。     

2002年四川仁寿双流4.6级地震震害调查

2002年5月31日在四川省仁寿县与双流县交界地区发生一次ML4．6地震，震中烈度Ⅵ度。宏观震中大致在仁寿县高家镇以西一带，地震使部分民房遭到破坏，造成直接经济损失约545万元。     

单侧破裂震源对地震动空间相关性影响的远场分析

将震源简化为有一定破裂长度的线状断层,定量研究了单侧破裂震源对地震动空间相关性的影响．依据波谱随空间坐标的展开式,得到了描述地震动场相关性的表达式．在远场假定下,给出了理论解析公式,并依据地震动Fourier谱随空间坐标的展开条件,得到了计算地震动场孔径的理论公式．最后,以一次地震为例,给出了孔径随震中距、方位角、频率变化的三维图象．     

大同遥测地震台网小震群活动与大同-阳高中强地震预报讨论

根据大同遥测地震台网记录到的小震群资料，用组合模式理论［１］对本区的小震群时空演化规律进行了分析研究。结果表明，对于１９８９年１０月１８日在本区发生的大同—阳高５．８级地震，利用震前小震群资料得出的预报震中与实际震中有较好的一致性。另外，通过震群与外因相关性的分析，对发震时间的预报也取得了较好的效果     

广东数字地震台网‘十五’系统的几种地震定位方法的定位效果分析

选取广东省‘十五’数字地震台网2007年6-9月试运行以来记录到的32次地震事件,运用地震台网地震速报及地震编目使用的几种常规地震定位软件,并将其结果与‘九五’编目产出的结果进行了比较,结果表明：对于网内地震。单纯型定位法及HYP02000程序的定位法结果稍优于Hyposat定位法：对于网缘地震,3种定位程序得到的结果相差不大。     

Time domain procedure of FE-BE-IBE coupling for seismic interaction of arch dams and canyons

A procedure for three-dimensional (3-D) coupling of finite elements (FEs), boundary elements (BEs) and infinite boundary elements (IBEs) is presented for the numerical modelling of seismic interaction between arch dams and rock canyons. First, a system of coupling 3-D boundary and infinite boundary elements is developed for simulation of infinite and irregular canyons and for determination, in the frequency domain, of impedance functions on the dam-canyon interface. Secondly, the impedance functions for all degrees-of-freedom are transformed approximately into frequency independent discrete parameters by a curve fitting technique. Finally, these discrete parameters are combined with the dam structure which is discretized by finite elements, thus allowing the response of the arch dam-canyon system to be evaluated. The proposed procedure is efficient because it permits the seismic analysis of arch dam-canyon interaction by the substructure technique in the time domain. To demonstrate both the validity and efficiency of the present procedure, the response of an arch dam-canyon system is obtained under unit impulse acting on the dam-canyon interface as the free field input. Very good agreement is noted when comparing the frequency response determined from the time domain with that from the frequency domain under harmonic excitation applied on the interface of the dam-canyon.