迭代自组逐步聚类法(ISOMIX)在湘西地区航空放射性测量异常分类中的应用

一、引言大面积的航空放射性γ测量通常能产生大量的航空放射性测量异常(以下简称异常)。除了航测队飞行时划分的强度较大、峰形较好的老异常外,近几年来,通过对航放资料重新整理,又分出大量强度较低、峰形较差的新异常。在这些新、老异常中,只有少数是地面已知的矿床和矿点。有一些异常进行过一定的勘探揭露。但大部分异常的地面工作程度都较差。     

EFFECTS OF RIVER NETWORK WORKS AND SOIL CONSERVATION MEASURES ON RESERVOIR SILTATION

Knowledge of the morphological dynamics of a water course is essential for management of reservoir siltation. With an example of sedimentation in a reservoir in Basilicata, Italy, this paper demonstrates the effect on reservoir siltation of the hydraulic works, which are aimed to reduce sediment transport along the fluvial network and to prevent part of the sediment discharge from reaching the lake. The effect depends on the river type and on the the geological features of river basin slopes. The paper also shows how mass erosion can significantly contribute to development of reservoir siltation. Finally, preliminary results are provided about the time needed for river training works to be effective.     

东营凹陷沙三段下部纹层泥岩中的碳酸盐矿物

沙三段下部纹层泥岩由富有机质纹层泥岩和钙质块状纹层泥岩组成。富有机质纹层泥岩由富有机质纹层、富粘土矿物纹层一方解石层组成。钙质块状纹层岩由细粒方解石纹层、富粘土矿物纹层组成。富有机质纹层通常含有机质、粘土矿物、石英、长石和黄铁矿。富粘土矿物纹层由粘土矿物、铁白云石、细粒方石、石英、长石和黄铁矿组成。     

Evolutionary Timescale of the Pulsating White Dwarf G117-B15A: The Most Stable Optical Clock Known

We observe G117-B15A, the most precise optical clock known, to measure the rate of change of the main pulsation period of this blue-edge DAV white dwarf. Even though the obtained value is only within 1 sigma, P&d2;=&parl0;2.3+/-1.4&parr0;x10-15 s s-1, it is already constraining the evolutionary timescale of this cooling white dwarf star.     

加拿大McArthur River铀矿床成矿特点及在我国寻找相同类型铀矿床的几点认识

加拿大萨斯喀彻温省西北部阿萨巴斯卡盆地McArthur River铀矿床是世界上最大、最富的不整合面型铀矿床。笔者通过对该矿床的剖析，从宏观上对这类铀矿床的一些形成规律进行了初步探讨，并对在我国寻找不整合面型或相似类型的铀矿床提出了一些认识。     

Mushroom production as an alternative for rural development in a forested mountainous area

Wild mushrooms are recognized as important non-wood forest products in mountainous ecosystems, but their real potential for generating rural economies has not been fully evaluated due to the difficulties in obtaining reliable productivity data, minimizing their true potential as contributor to rural economies. Mushroom yield models based on large data series from Pinus forest ecosystems in the region of Catalonia(Spain), combined with data from the Spanish National Forest Inventory allow us to estimate the potential mushroom productivity by forest ecosystems. The results of 24,500 tons/yr of mushrooms of which 16,300 tons are classified as edible and 7,900 tons are commonly marketed demonstrate the importance of mushroom productions in Catalonian pine forests, mostly located in mountainous areas where the development of agricultural activities is limited. Economic mushroom value is estimated at 48 million € for the edible mushroom and 32 million € for those corresponding to marketable yields, confirming the potential of this non-wood forest product. These production results and corresponding economic values provide a basis for the incorporation of wild mushrooms as significant non-wood forest products in the development of forest policies in mountainous areas.     

Recent Changes Occurred in the Terminus of the Debris-covered Bilafond Glacier in the Karakoram Himalayas Using Remotely Sensed Images and Digital Elevation Models (1978-2011)

Recent changes occurred in terminus of the debris-covered Bilafond Glacier in the Karakoram Range in the Himalayas, Northern Pakistan was investigated in this research. Landsat MSS, TM and ETM＋ images were used for this study. Digital elevation models derived from ASTER GDEM and SRTM were also utilized. Visible, infrared and thermal infrared channels were utilized in order to get accurate glacier change maps. Three methods were tried to map this debris-covered glacier in this research. The glacier has been mapped successfully and the changes in the glacier terminus from 1978 to 2011 have been calculated. Manual, semi-automatic and thermal methods were found to give similar results. It was found that the glacier has undergone serious ablation during this period despite of the fact that many of the larger glaciers in the Hindu Kush and Karakoram mountain regions in the Upper Indus Basin were reported to be expanding. The terminus has been moved back about 600 meters during this period and there was an abrupt change in the glacier terminus during 1990-2002. We propose that debris thickness is not the only factor that influences the glacier ablation but the altitude of the debris-covered glacier as well. Many glaciers in the Karakoram region reported to be expanding were having higher altitudes compared to the study area.     

江西省县域人均粮食占有量的时空格局演变

综合运用样带、空间分析、地理探测器等方法分析1997—2010年江西省县域单元人均粮食占有量的时空格局演变及其形成机理。江西省县域人均粮食占有量空间集聚特征明显,呈较明显的圈层分布;全省大部分县域为余粮区,过半数的县域人均粮食有所提高,主要集中于赣中平原和赣北鄱阳湖周边地区。江西省县域人均粮食的空间格局主要受1997年人均粮食占有量与人均耕地面积的影响,仍对农业生产地理基础表现出较大的依赖,粮食政策、市场价格等对区域粮食生产亦有一定影响。样带趋势分析显示14年来全省县域人均粮食的东西向变化较南北向大;样带地理探测分析则有助于深入认识不同农业生产自然条件、不同经济发展水平等县域人均粮食驱动机制的差异。     

拟建的青海化隆国家地质公园地质遗迹特征及评价

建立国家地质公园是保护地质遗迹、促进黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展的有效途径之一,而地质遗迹的调查与评价又是地质公园规划与建设的重要基础。青海省化隆县地处青藏高原东北缘,黄河流经该县168 km,具有丰富的黄河文化遗存,但地质遗迹资源能否达到建设地质公园的要求尚不清楚。本文在地质遗迹调查的基础上,采用专家打分及层次分析法,对化隆县地质遗迹的价值进行定量评价,初步确定了拟建的化隆国家地质公园的边界范围。园区内地质遗迹共计40处,涵盖6大类,9类20亚类,其中包括2处世界级地质遗迹组合、6处国家级地质遗迹。拉脊山早寒武世缝合带、西宁群—化隆岩群角度不整合等地质遗迹,具有原特提斯洋演化、青藏高原隆升等重要的科学价值及国际对比意义。化隆县地质遗迹种类丰富、特征明显、价值极高且保存完好,具备良好的建设国家地质公园的资源禀赋,拥有申报联合国教科文组织世界地质公园的潜力。本研究不仅为化隆国家地质公园的申报及建设提供了科学依据,也为黄河流域具有国际影响力的文化旅游带的打造提供了参考。