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41.
Macroalgal survival in ballast water tanks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Despite a large amount of research into invasive species and their introductions, there have been no studies focused on macroalgal transport in ballast water. To address this, we collected replicate samples of ballast water from 12 ships in two Mediterranean harbours (Naples and Salerno). Filtered samples were kept in culture for a month at Mediterranean mean conditions (18 degrees C, 12:12h LD, 60micromol photons m(-2)s(-1)). Fifteen macroalgal taxa were cultured and differed according to the geographic origin of the ballast water. Most of the cultured algae were widely distributed species (e.g. Ulva spp. and Acinetospora-phase). However, Ulva ohnoi Hiraoka and Shimada, described from Japan, was hitherto unknown in the Mediterranean Sea. We show for the first time that ballast water can be an important vector for the transport of microscopic stages of macroalgae and that this can be a vector for the introduction of alien species. 相似文献
42.
Cristina Iuga C. Ignacio Sainz-Díaz Annik Vivier-Bunge 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2010,74(12):3587-12246
Clay particles are present in large quantities in mineral dust of atmospheric aerosols, and their interaction with organic species may influence atmospheric reactions and the prediction of environmental risks. However, the kinetics and mechanisms of adsorption and reaction of atmospheric volatile organic compounds on aerosol surfaces are not well understood.In this work, quantum chemical methods are used to study the adsorption of C2-C5 aliphatic aldehydes on silicate clusters active sites, and their subsequent reaction with OH radicals. It is shown that adsorption may occur in two different ways, and that the adsorption complex structure determines the subsequent path of its reaction with OH. The initial step in the OH reaction with acetaldehyde occurs according to the same mechanism as in the gas phase, i.e., the aldehydic hydrogen abstraction. Starting from propanal, another abstraction channel becomes increasingly important, involving mainly the abstraction of a β-hydrogen of the aliphatic chain. In the presence of a silica monomer model surface, the reaction rate of aldehydes with OH free-radicals is smaller than in the gas phase. Furthermore silicates are good sinks for trapping these aldehydes. Thus, our results may have implications in the study of tropospheric chemistry and cosmochemistry. 相似文献
43.
Pietro Marescotti Eva Azzali Diego Servida Cristina Carbone Giovanni Grieco Luisa De Capitani Gabriella Lucchetti 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,61(1):187-199
In this work, we investigated a 3 ha sulphide-bearing waste-rock dump (Libiola Mine, Italy) using mineralogical, geochemical,
and geostatistical analyses. The dumped materials were highly heterogeneous in grain size and lithology and varied both laterally
and vertically. Other than the host rock of the ore, basalts and serpentinites, the dumped materials contained high amounts
of low-grade chalcopyrite- and pyrite-rich mineralisations. Due to these characteristics and to the absence of minerals able
to neutralise acidity, this waste-rock dump can be classified as an acid mine drainage (AMD) producer. The study confirms
that AMD is still active and, in the best scenario, can persist for up to 6.17 × 103 years. The consequences of this process are of serious environmental concern as it involves strong acidification of the circulating
waters, the release of potentially toxic metals into the soil, streams and rivers and the precipitation of huge quantities
of secondary Fe-oxides and Fe-oxyhydroxides. 相似文献
44.
Salvatore Erminio Modoni Giuseppe Spagnoli Giovanni Arciero Michela Mascolo Maria Cristina Ochmański Maciej 《Acta Geotechnica》2022,17(11):5073-5087
Acta Geotechnica - Plasticity of clays makes Deep Soil Mixing (DSM) problematic due to the tendency of the material to congest the rotating blades, reduce mixing efficiency and remain... 相似文献
45.
Alessandro Corsini Cristina Castagnetti Eleonora Bertacchini Riccardo Rivola Francesco Ronchetti Alessandro Capra 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2013,38(11):1330-1338
A slow moving compound rock slide located in the northern Apennines of Italy was mapped and monitored through the integration of Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS), multi‐temporal long‐range Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), and Automated Total Station (ATS) measurements. Landslide features were mapped using a High Resolution Digital Terrain Model (HR‐DTM) obtained by merging ALS and TLS data in an Iterative Closest Point (ICP) procedure. Slope movements in the order of centimeters to a few decimeters were quantified with Differential TLS (D‐TLS) based on a Surface Matching approach and supported by ATS data to define stable reference surfaces. The integrated approach allowed mapping of the composite geomorphic features of the rock slide under examination, revealing its complex dynamic nature and further proving that laser scanning is a versatile and widely applicable tool for slope process analysis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
46.
Mininni Pablo D. López Fuentes Marcelo Mandrini Cristina H. Gómez Daniel O. 《Solar physics》2004,219(2):367-378
We present a bi-orthogonal decomposition of the temporal and latitudinal distribution of solar magnetic fields from synoptic
magnetograms. Results are compared with a similar decomposition of the distribution of sunspots since 1874. We show that the
butterfly diagrams can be interpreted as the result of approximately constant amplitudes and phases of two oscillations with
periods close to 22 years. A clear periodicity of 7 years can also be identified in the most energetic modes of both spatio-temporal
series. These results can be used to obtain relevant information concerning the physics of the solar dynamo. 相似文献
47.
Fletcher Lyndsay López Fuentes Marcelo C. Mandrini Cristina H. Schmieder Brigitte Démoulin Pascal Mason Helen E. Young Peter R. Nitta Nariaki 《Solar physics》2001,203(2):255-287
We present multi-instrument observations of active region (AR) 8048, made between 3 June and 5 June 1997, as part of the SOHO
Joint Observing Program 33. This AR has a sigmoid-like global shape and undergoes transient brightenings in both soft X-rays
and transition region (TR) lines. We compute a magneto-hydrostatic model of the AR magnetic field, using as boundary condition
the photospheric observations of SOHO/MDI. The computed large-scale magnetic field lines show that the large-scale sigmoid
is formed by two sets of coronal loops. Shorter loops, associated with the core of the SXT emission, coincide with the loops
observed in the hotter CDS lines. These loops reveal a gradient of temperature, from 2 MK at the top to 1 MK at the ends.
The field lines most closely matching these hot loops extend along the quasi-separatrix layers (QSLs) of the computed coronal
field. The TR brightenings observed with SOHO/CDS can also be associated with the magnetic field topology, both QSL intersections
with the photosphere, and places where separatrices issuing from bald patches (sites where field lines coming from the corona
are tangent to the photosphere) intersect the photosphere. There are, furthermore, suggestions that the element abundances
measured in the TR may depend on the type of topological structure present. Typically, the TR brightenings associated with
QSLs have coronal abundances, while those associated with BP separatrices have abundances closer to photospheric values. We
suggest that this difference is due to the location and manner in which magnetic reconnection occurs in two different topological
structures.
Supplementary material to this paper is available in electronic form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1013302317042 相似文献
48.
The Sitnikov's Problem is a Restricted Three-Body Problem of Celestial Mechanics depending on a parameter, the eccentricity,e. The Hamiltonian,H(z, v, t, e), does not depend ont ife=0 and we have an integrable system; ife is small the KAM Theory proves the existence of invariant rotational curves, IRC. For larger eccentricities, we show that there exist two complementary sequences of intervals of values ofe that accumulate to the maximum admissible value of the eccentricity, 1, and such that, for one of the sequences IRC around a fixed point persist. Moreover, they shrink to the planez=0 ase tends to 1. 相似文献
49.
Cristina?PerinelliEmail author Pietro?Armienti Luigi?Dallai 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2006,151(3):245-266
Peridotite xenoliths found in Cenozoic alkali basalts of northern Victoria Land, Antarctica, vary from fertile spinel-lherzolite
to harzburgite. They often contain glass-bearing pockets formed after primary pyroxenes and spinel. Few samples are composite
and consist of depleted spinel lherzolite crosscut by amphibole veins and/or lherzolite in contact with poikilitic wehrlite.
Peridotite xenoliths are characterized by negative Al2O3–Mg# and TiO2–Mg# covariations of clino- and orthopyroxenes, low to intermediate HREE concentrations in clinopyroxene, negative Cr–Al trend
in spinel, suggesting variable degrees of partial melting. Metasomatic overprint is evidenced by trace element enrichment
in clinopyroxene and sporadic increase of Ti–Fetot. Preferential Nb, Zr, Sr enrichments in clinopyroxene associated with high Ti–Fetot contents constrain the metasomatic agent to be an alkaline basic melt. In composite xenoliths, clinopyroxene REE contents
increase next to the veins suggesting metasomatic diffusion of incompatible element. Oxygen isotope data indicate disequilibrium
conditions among clinopyroxene, olivine and orthopyroxene. The highest δ18O values are observed in minerals of the amphibole-bearing xenolith. The δ18Ocpx correlations with clinopyroxene modal abundance and geochemical parameters (e.g. Mg# and Cr#) suggest a possible influence
of partial melting on oxygen isotope composition. Thermobarometric estimates define a geotherm of 80°C/GPa for the refractory
lithosphere of NVL, in a pressure range between 1 and 2.5 GPa. Clinopyroxene microlites of melt pockets provide P–T data close
to the anhydrous peridotite solidus and confirm that they originated from heating and decompression during transport in the
host magma. All these geothermometric data constrain the mantle potential temperature to values of 1250–1350°C, consistent
with the occurrence of mantle decompressional melting in a transtensive tectonic regime for the Ross Sea region. 相似文献
50.
Richard P. Binzel Andrew S. Rivkin Cristina A. Thomas Pierre Vernazza Thomas H. Burbine Francesca E. DeMeo Schelte J. Bus Alan T. Tokunaga Mirel Birlan 《Icarus》2009,200(2):480-485
The known close approach of Asteroid (99942) Apophis in April 2029 provides the opportunity for the case study of a potentially hazardous asteroid in advance of its encounter. The visible to near-infrared (0.55 to 2.45 μm) reflectance spectrum of Apophis is compared and modeled with respect to the spectral and mineralogical characteristics of likely meteorite analogs. Apophis is found to be an Sq-class asteroid that most closely resembles LL ordinary chondrite meteorites in terms of spectral characteristics and interpreted olivine and pyroxene abundances, although we cannot rule out some degree of partial melting. A meteorite analog allows some estimates and conjectures of Apophis' possible range of physical properties such as the grain density and micro-porosity of its constituent material. Composition and size similarities of Apophis with (25143) Itokawa suggest a total porosity of 40% as a “current best guess” for Apophis. Applying these parameters to Apophis yields a mass estimate of 2×1010 kg with a corresponding energy estimate of 375 Mt for its potential hazard. Substantial unknowns, most notably the total porosity, allow uncertainties in these mass and energy estimates to be as large as factors of two or three. 相似文献