THE DECADAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND THE ANOMALOUS ENSO DEVELOPMENTS IN 1990S

By using the wavelet transform method,the ENSO(2—7 a)signal and the decadal variability(8—20 a)are filtered out from the long-term SST data sets in order to investigate characteristicsof the decadal variability and its impact on the ENSO.It is found that there are two different kindsof decadal SSTA modes-horseshoe and horse saddle patterns in the tropical Pacific.Thehorseshoe pattern represents that the decadal SSTA variability in the central Pacific is in phasewith that in the eastern Pacific.The horse saddle pattern is named that they are out of phase.Theformer constituted the decadal variability before 1990s and the latter mainly prevailed during1990s.As the response of atmosphere to the ocean,two decadal wind patterns appear inassociation with the SST decadal modes.One is characterized by anomalous development of thezonal wind,the other by anomalous development of the meridional wind.These two kinds ofmodes can also be regarded as different phases of the decadal oscillation.Further studies haveshown that the influences of the two kinds of modes on the ENSO are different.The horse saddlemode has a stronger impact on the ENSO than the horseshoe mode.A possible mechanism for the influence of the decadal variability on the ENSO signal ispresented.The central part of the thermocline along the equatorial Pacific moves up or downsimultaneously with its eastern part while the decadal variability bears the horseshoe pattern.Butthe two segments of the thermocline in the central and eastern Pacific act oppositely while thedecadal variability shows the horse saddle pattern.In this case it has an-influence on the individualENSO'events by the superposition of the decadal variability.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS BY NESTING HYDROLOGY MODEL DHSVM WITH REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL RegCM2/CHINA

Based on improvement of a distributed hydrology-soil-vegetation model (DHSVM for short)and its application to North China,a nested regional climatic-hydrologic model system is developedby connecting DHSVM with RegCM2/China.The simulated climate scenarios,including controland 2×CO_2 outputs,are downscaled to 8 stations in Luanhe River and Sanggan River Basins todrive the hydrology model.According to simulation results,under double CO_2 scenarios,annualmean temperature and evapotranspiration will increase 2.8C and 29 mm,respectively;precipitation also increase but with different value for each basin,6 mm for Luanhe River Basinwhile 46 mm for Sanggan River Basin;runoff change for the two basins is different too,27 mmdecrease for Luanhe River Basin while 26 mm increase for Sanggan River Basin.As a result,therunoff in future for Luanhe River Basin and Sanggan River Basin will be 74 mm and 71 mm,respectively,which is approximately a quarter of annual mean runoff(284 mm)of the wholecountry.Total streamflow for the two basins will decrease about 2.5×10~8m~3.All these indicatethat the warm and dry trend will continue in the two river basins under double CO_2 scenarios.Thenested model system,with both climatic and hydrologic prediction ability,could also be applied toother basins in China by parameter adjustment.     

EXTRA-SEASONAL PREDICTIONS OF SUMMER RAINFALL IN CHINA AND ENSO IN 2001 BY CLIMATE MODELS

China is a monsoon country.The most rainfalls in China concentrate on the summer seasons.More frequent floods or droughts occur in some parts of China.Therefore,the prediction ofsummer rainfall in China is a significant issue.As we know,the obvious impacts of the sea surfacetemperature anomalies(SSTA)on the summer rainfall over China have been noticed.Thepredictions of the SSTA have been involved in the research.The key project on short-term climate modeling prediction system has been finished in 2000.The system included an atmospheric general circulation model named AGCM95,a coupledatmospheric-oceanic general circulation model named AOGCM95,a regional climate model overChina named RegCM95,a high-resolution Indian-Pacific OGCM named IPOGCM95,and asimplified atmosphere-ocean dynamic model system named SAOMS95.They became theoperational prediction models of National Climate Center(NCC).Extra-seasonal predictions in 2001 have been conducted by several climate models,which werethe AGCM95,AOGCM95,RegCM95,IPOGCM95,AIPOGCM95,OSU/NCC,SAOMS95,IAPAPOGCM and CAMS/ZS.All of those models predicted the summer precipitation over China and/or the annual SSTA over the tropical Pacific Ocean in the Modeling Prediction Workshop held inMarch 2001.The assessments have shown that the most models predicted the distributions of main rain beltover Huanan and parts of Jiangnan and droughts over Huabei-Hetao and Huaihe River Valleyreasonably.The most models predicted successfully that a weaker cold phase of the SSTA over thecentral and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean would continue in 2001.The evaluations of extra-seasonal predictions have also indicated that the models had a certaincapability of predicting the SSTA over the tropical Pacific Ocean and the summer rainfall overChina.The assessment also showed that multi-model ensemble(super ensembles)predictionsprovided the better forecasts for both SSTA and summer rainfall in 2001,compared with the singlemodel.It is a preliminary assessment for the extra-seasonal predictions by the climate models.Thefurther investigations will be carried out.The model system should be developed and improved.     

新(晚期)构造运动的物质、能量效应与油气成藏

受板块构造背景和深部过程的控制,不同盆地的新(晚期)构造运动具有不同的表现型式,包括伸展和转换-伸展背景下的快速沉降和断裂活化、挤压背景下的强烈隆升和构造掀斜等。新(晚期)构造运动对油气成藏具有强烈的物质效应(对油气成藏要素构成的改造)和能量效应(对成藏动力学环境和过程的影响)。新(晚期)构造运动对油气成藏和分布的影响取决于新(晚期)构造运动期源岩的生排烃状态、新(晚期)构造运动的动力学性质、沉降-抬升的速率、幅度和区域变化及断裂活动程度。建造期(盆地保持沉降、充填状态;源岩处于生、排烃阶段;超压的产生过程仍在进行,超压释放后可得到动态补给)的构造运动可以导致幕式快速成藏,所形成的油气藏属于阶段性充注的原生油气藏,改造期(盆地沉降、充填停止,处于抬升、剥蚀和构造变形状态;源岩生、排烃作用已终止;超压的产生过程已经终止,超压释放后不能得到补给)断裂活化型构造运动可导致已聚集油气的突发性穿层运移和跨层聚集,形成非连续充注的次生油气藏;改造期无断裂活化型构造运动特别是构造掀斜运动可以导致已聚集油气的层内调整,形成有成因联系的调整型油气藏系列。新(晚期)构造运动对油气成藏既可以具有建设性作用、也可以产生调整、改造作用甚至破坏作用。     

Evolution of Jiuduansha Shoal and Its Influence on Adjacent Channels in the Changjiang Estuary

-Based on historic topographic maps and field surveys,this paper mainly deals with the forma-tion and evolution of the Jiuduansha Shoal and the North Passage and South Passage in the ChangjiangEstuary.Jiuduansha Shoal originated from the partition of the south part of the Tongsha Shoal as the re-sult of connection of a flood channel and an ebb channel.The embryo of the North Passage was a floodchannel,and that of the South Passage was the lower reaches of the former South Channel.There weretwo basic kinds of change in erosion and accumulation since the formation of Jiuduansha Shoal:continu-ous change and periodic change.The former includes the broadening of the island area,accretion on thetidal marsh and tidal flat and downstream migration of the island.The latter includes cyclic erosion andaccumulation on the two river channel banks of the island and the North and South Passages.The islandand the two bifurcated river Passages interacted on each other in erosion and accumulation changes.Atpresent,the cou     

一种基于真实身份的BBS系统实名保障技术

用户身份的真实性一直是BBS系统管理的重要方面之一。采用SAML协议,将跨域单点登录中的认证技术引入到BBS系统中,从而实现了用户采用真实身份登录BBS系统,保证了BBS用户的实名。并以多个高校的BBS系统作为样例,建立起基于真实身份的示范BBS系统。     

含金毒砂中晶格金的确定及其形成机理研究

利用电子探针(EPMA)和高分辨透射电子图像(HRTEM)分析技术,对湖南黄金洞金矿含金毒砂进行了背散射电子图像、X-射线面扫描、定量微区分析、线分析以及高分辨晶体结构观测等综合研究。结果表明,含金毒砂中没有发现纳米级乃至更小粒级的超显微包体金,毒砂晶格完整,无任何“异构体”,Au散布于整个毒砂颗粒中,以晶格金形式存在。此外,金含量在不同的生长环带中有显著变化,表明Au是在毒砂形成过程中进入其晶格的。金的加入导致毒砂晶体结构中(100)面网间距局部变宽,晶胞参数也发生了微弱变化,a轴变长。详细分析认为,Au主要是以Au~(3+)替代Fe~(3+)进入AsS~(3-)八面体空位中的,Eh值变化可能是控制毒砂中晶格金形成的主要因素。     

评述“前陆盆地”名词在中国中西部含油气盆地中的引用——反思中国石油构造学的发展

“前陆盆地”一词,在中国中西部含油气盆地研究中被许多学者广泛引用,在空间上有“泛前陆盆地化”,在地史演化中有“扩大化”,名词术语引用上有“复杂化”的倾向,因而引起同行的关注。本文从文献中追踪前陆盆地原命名者的涵义和沿革,正确理解国外学者提出前陆盆地的特及模式,再根据中国的实际地质特征与国外典型前陆盆地对比,结果发现我国中西部前陆盆地的特殊在于大国外所称的前陆盆地的共同性。因而认为在中国中西部直接引用“前陆盆地”一词不当。建议采用“陆内俯冲型前陆盆地”（Intracontinental subduction foreland basin）一(间称－C型前陆盆地）,以示有中国地质特色的前陆盆地,为今后建立油气成藏模式和指导油气勘探理论依据。最后,还讨论了中国石油学发展中,值得反思的3个问题。     

IAP AGCM中短波辐射方案的改进研究I·引入Fu-Liou短波辐射方案

冰云和水云对短波辐射性质(消光系数、单次散射反照率及不对称因子)的影响很不相同,应分别计算。Fu-Liou短波辐射方案(以下称Fu-Liou code)就是对冰云和水云分别采用了不同的参数化方案,云的短波辐射性质直接由云的物理性质来确定。因此,Fu-Liou code在云的处理方面物理意义更清晰且很合理。作者将Fu-Liou code引入IAP AGCM-II中,称为Version 2。对当代气候场的模拟结果表明,Version 2的各个物理过程是协调匹配的,且其对气候场的模拟性能是好的,从而为进一步改进IAP AGCM的短波辐射方案提供了很好的模式基础。     

EXPERIMENTS OF SHORT-TERM CLIMATE PREDICTION BY THE OSU/NCC GCM FOR SUMMER SEASON IN CHINA

By using of an ensemble method,the tests of rainfall for the predictions of the seasonal,interseasonal and annual scales in China during 1982—1995 have been made by the atmosphericGCM/mixed layer ocean and ice model(OSU/NCC).Contrasts between forecasts by the OSU/NCC and the observations show that the model has a certain ability in the prediction ofprecipitation for summer over China in all of the three different time scales.And it indicates thatthe interseasonal prediction is the best among the forecasts of three scales.It is also indicated thatthe prediction is especially acceptable in certain areas.