The biogeochemistry of carbon cycle in summer of the Prydz Bay, Antarctic Ⅰ:Characteristics of DOC distribution

1　IntroductionAtthepresenttime ,thereiseveryindicationthattheearthbecomingwarmerandwarmer (Liuetal.1 995) ,asoneofthewarmhousegases,CO2 playanimportantroleinthechangingofthetemperatureandenvironmentoftheglobe .TheexchangingofCO2betweentheatmosphereandocean ,maketheoceanbeingthelargepoolofcarbon ,andthechangingofcarboncycleintheoceanwouldbringdistincteffectontheatmosphere .TheSouthernOceanisthewaterbodythathastheenormousenergyandexchangessub stancewithotheroceansintheglobe ,anditsecosystem …     

PREDICTION AND VERIFICATION OF THE 1997—1999 EL NINOAND LA NINA BY USING AN INTERMEDIATE OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE COUPLED MODEL

The numerical simulations,hindcasts and verifications of the tropical Pacific sea surfacetemperature anomaly(SSTA)have been conducted by using a dynamical tropical Pacific ocean-atmosphere coupled model named NCCo.The results showed that the model had performedreasonable simulations of the major El Nino episodes in the history,and the model forecast skill in1990s had been significantly improved.NCCo model has been used to predict the tropical PacificSSTA since January 1997.The comparisons between predictions and observations indicated thatthe occurrence,evolution and ending of the 1997/1998 El Nino episode have been predicted fairlywell by using this model.Also,the La Nina episode that began in the autumn of 1998 and thedeveloping tendency of the tropical Pacific SSTA during the year 1999 have been predictedsuccessfully.The forecast skills of NCCo model during the 1997-1999 El Nino and La Ninaevents are above 0.5 at 0—14 lead months.     

大别山花岗岩流体包裹体面的初步研究

地质流体是在应力作用下迁移演化的，把它们割裂开来研究是不可取的。流体包裹体面就是把地质流体与应力联系起来的好途径。通过对花岗岩流体包裹体面的研究，可以揭示花岗岩在侵位冷却过程中经受的区域应力场变化及受应力控制的流体运移和演化特征。统计了位于大别山碰撞造山带中的主薄原、天柱山和司空山三个花岗岩岩体的流体包裹体面产状，并对其中的流体包裹体进行了显微测温。数据显示，主薄原和天柱山岩体的流体包裹体面特征相似，有NE和NWW两个优势方向，其中NWW向早于NE向，从NWW向到NE向均一温度、盐度降低，CO2含量下降；司空山岩体的流体包裹体面与主薄原和天柱山岩体的明显不同，有SN和EW两个优势方向，EW向早于SN向。从早到晚流体的演化趋势为高温、高盐度、含CO2和CH4的流体演化为较低温度、低盐度、基本不含挥发组分的流体。司空山岩体与主薄原和天柱山岩体侵位于不同的区域应力场下，流体的组分也存在一定的差别。但流体总的演化趋势一致：从高温、高盐度、富挥发分的流体向低温、低盐度、贫挥发分的方向演化。     

东南极格罗夫山镁铁质麻粒岩的变质作用

东南极内陆－格罗夫山存在一套经历了麻粒岩相变质作用的镁铁质麻粒岩和斜长角闪岩。变质反应结构显示该区多为单一的区域性麻粒岩相变质作用。但是，对含石榴石的镁铁质麻粒岩的详细工作则显示了包括3个阶段的近等温降压（ITD）的顺时针PT演化轨迹，M1：0．93GPa＞800℃：M2:0.65GPa,733-850℃;M3:0.46-0.61GPa，并有着与拉斯曼丘陵相似的演化历史。根据矿物组合和成分、变质反应结构及温压计算结果，格罗夫山镁铁质麻粒岩可能为高压麻粒岩。     

A Numerical Simulation Study of Impacts of Historical Land-Use Changes on the Regional Climate in China Since 1700

By using the improved regional climate model (BCC_RegCM1.0), a series of modeling experiments are undertaken to investigate the impacts of historical land-use changes (LUCs) on the regional climate in China. Simulations are conducted for 2 years using estimated land-use for 1700, 1800, 1900, 1950, and 1990. The conversion of land cover in these periods was extensive over China, where large areas were altered from forests to either grass or crops, or from grasslands to crops. Results show that, since 1700, historical LUCs have significant effects on regional climate change, with rainfall increasing in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin, Northwest China, and Northeast China, but decreasing by different degrees in other regions. The air temperature shows significant warming over large areas in recent hundred years, especially from 1950 to 1990, which is consistent with the warming caused by increasing greenhouse gases. On the other hand, historical LUCs have obvious effects on mean circulation, with the East Asian winter and summer monsoonal flows becoming more intensive, which is mainly attributed to the amplifled temperature difference between ocean and land due to vegetation change. Thus, it would be given more attention to the impacts of LUCs on regional climate change.     

利用GPS观测资料划分现今地壳活动块体的方法

利用GPS观测资料研究地球动力学问题是目前地学中的热点。利用GPS观测的速率(或位移)计算网格点附近小区域的应变张量和转动的欧拉极．再运用聚类分析法对计算的欧拉极进行分类，由此划分出地壳活动的次级块体。最后以中国大陆GPS观测结果为例，将中国大陆划分为9个活动块体，通过比较发现，所得结果与目前其他方法给出的结果大体一致。     

城市地质信息系统及其应用

本文提出了城市地质信息系统的总体结构,系统划分为数据层、应用层和服务层三个层次。由信息数据录入与管理子系统、三维地质体建模子系统、数据共享与社会化服务子系统构成。然后分数据库和业务应用系统两个部分阐述了系统的开发方案,并说明了高精度三维地质模型快速构建、大数据量模型运行和多元数据一体化显示这三个关键技术的解决方案。     

单个裂隙中油运移实验及特征分析

利用狭窄平行板裂隙模型来模拟和分析单个裂隙内油运移的过程。实验中采用表面起伏的玻璃板制作平行板裂隙模型,通过改变水中蔗糖的浓度控制两相流体间的密度差,来分析不同密度差和注入速率条件下油的运移过程和特征。观察发现,油在饱含水的狭窄裂隙空间内的运移特征与在孔隙介质中的运移有相似之处:运移的路径只占通道的一部分,都具有不规则的分形特征,也可形成活塞式、指进式和路径式等模式。而这些模式的形成也同样受各种因素的影响。利用孔隙介质中油运移实验结果总结出来的、以Bo数和Ca数为纵横坐标运移相图完全可以用来表征单个裂隙中油的运移模式。     

中间主应力对垂直井井壁坍塌压力的影响

运用线弹性本构模型来分析垂直井井壁应力分布,并分别用Mohr-Coulomb准则、Drucker-Prager准则和Mogi-Coulomb准则3个强度准则来计算平谷地应力测量与监测钻孔维持井壁稳定所需的最小钻井液液柱压力。通过对比分析得出考虑中间主应力的作用,会使岩石强度得到加强,使得维持井壁稳定所需的最小液柱压力降低;3个准则得出的最小液柱压力在与深度的对应图中表现出一致的变化趋势,说明3个准则有各自的适用性;比较而言Mohr-Coulomb准则偏于保守,Drucker-Prager准则偏于危险,而Mogi-Coulomb准则要优于前两个准则。