世界大洋潮波特征的比较分析

对TOPEX/Poseidon(以下简称T/P)高度计资料直接分析得到4个主要分潮(M2,K1,S2和O1)的调和常数,并与5个全球大洋潮波模式的模拟结果和138个验潮站观测资料的分析结果进行了系统比较,得出如下结论:在深水大洋,高度计资料直接分析结果与潮波模式模拟结果较一致;模拟出的无潮点的个数和位置也较一致;半日分潮模拟结果比全日分潮要好。5个模式模拟结果之间的差异相对较小,振幅的绝对偏差在1.0 cm左右,迟角的绝对偏差在10(°)左右。在陆架浅海,不同模型结果差异相对较大。高度计资料直接分析结果比模式模拟结果普遍偏小,尤其在陆架浅海更是如此。     

Physical explanation of the weakened brightness temperature difference signal over the yellow sea during a dust event: Case study for March 15–16, 2009

This paper attempts to explain the cause of weakening or disappearing brightness temperature difference (BTD) signatures, in particular, over the Yellow Sea during the March 15–16, 2009 dust event. Using a simple correction approach that removes the effects of emissivity difference and water vapor effect difference, we confirmed that the weakening or disappearing BTD signatures noted over the Yellow Sea are largely due to the spectral emissivity contrast between land and ocean. The weakening or disappearing dust is hypothesized to be pronounced when the dust loading is weak because of the surface contribution to the top of atmosphere radiance, and that it is mainly due to the difference in spectral emissivity over the window band between land and ocean. It is further suggested that water vapor may be considered as a correction factor in spite of its smaller contribution.     

我国内陆河流域水文循环与其生态功能浅析

近50 a来,我国的西北内陆河流域,与世界很多干旱、半干旱的缺水地区一样,水文循环及其生态功能正发生着一系列衰退及相伴的生态环境恶化现象。本文从气候、人类活动与水文循环间相互作用的观点,用实测的气候水文数据剖析了这一现象。提出水文循环通过其生态功能,与生态系统相伴相生,互相依存。水资源的过渡开发利用超出了水文循环的再生能力,延迟了水资源再生周期。由于内陆河的平原与盆地的干燥度指数十分大,暖干气候放大了人类活动对水文循环的不利影响,加剧了生态环境的退化。对于内陆河流域,人类生存与经济发展地区远离山区水源地,流域统一的水资源综合管理对于维持健康的水文循环和生态系统尤为重要。     

基于热含量探究PDO的三维结构及信号传播特征

基于1815—2013年SODA（Simple Ocean Data Assimilation）数据不同深度的温度数据资料,进行了热含量的计算,并通过EOF分解、功率谱分析等统计方法探究太平洋年代际振荡（Pacific decadal oscillation, PDO）的三维结构和周期性特征。结果表明,太平洋的年代际变化不仅仅存在于海洋表层,海洋300 m以浅均存在年代际变化特征,其中次表层（70 m左右）的年代际变化特征最为显著。功率谱分析的结果显示,北太平洋的年代际变化周期约为18 a。利用SODA数据的温度和盐度资料对北太平洋的Rossby（罗斯贝）波波速进行了计算,计算结果显示,Rossby波向西传播,其波速随着纬度的增大而减小。对300 m以浅水体的热含量时间序列与PDO指数做了超前滞后相关,在热含量序列滞后9 a时相关系数分布与同期相关反相。对不同层次的热含量与PDO指数进行了超前滞后相关,分析PDO的演变特征,结果表明,PDO在低纬度通过Rossby波向西传播,在传播过程中深度逐渐加深。     

哈尔滨市短时临近预报业务系统

从短时临近预报业务系统流程、地面要素加密信息收集显示、多普勒雷达预警信息和预报指标、重大灾害性短时临近预报的气象要素信息／预警信息／预报指标及物理量、不稳定指数预警信息／预报指标及合拼显示、卫星云图降水／冰雹估计、3h降水／温度预报方法、短时临近预报编辑系统设计等方面，阐述了哈尔滨市短时临近预报业务系统的建设过程，由此揭示短时临近预报业务开展的方式和方法。     

赣东北-皖南中元古代低级变质地层区的填图方法--构造-岩块-地层法

赣东北—皖南地区主体位于杨子板块与华夏(南)板坎接合部位，多期的构造成撞造山作用，使分布于其问的中元古代地居发生了不同程度的“非史密斯”化，单一的、传统的史密斯地居工作方法已不能适应该区的地质填图工作。通过对造山带等理论的具体运用，结合近年来在该区的工作实践，在构造—地层法基础上提出了造山带低级变质地居区先划分构造—岩坎，再分块建立地层层序的地质填图方法：构造—岩块—地层法。     

河南夜长坪钼矿床地质-地球化学特征及成因分析

河南省夜长坪钼矿床是东秦岭钼成矿带中的大型斑岩-夕卡岩型高-中温热液隐伏钼矿床。钼矿床赋存于官道口群龙家园组中,受燕山期中酸性浅成-超浅成花岗斑岩体的控制,产于夕卡岩接触带中,矿层呈叠层透镜状,中部上凸,向四周及深部倾斜、延伸。作者利用Micromine软件建立了矿体的三维立体模型,分析了矿体以及矿石类型三维空间分布规律。利用矿区地质勘查成果,通过常量元素、微量元素、稀土元素、流体包裹体、同位素测年资料的研究,确定矿床成岩、成矿时代,分析矿床成因。     

A numerical study on severe downslope windstorms occurred on 5 April 2005 at Gangneung and Yangyang, Korea

Severe downslope windstorms occurred on 5 April 2005 in the Taebaek Mountain Range, located in the eastern coast of Korea, are examined using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Strong winds are observed at Gangneung and Yangyang during two separate periods with a rapidly decreasing period in between. These downslope windstorms are reproduced in the simulation reasonably well, although the rapidly decreasing surface wind speed after the second windstorm could not be captured at Yangyang. It is found that the generation mechanisms of the downslope windstorms in these two periods are somewhat different. The severe wind in the first period is likely due to the reflection of the mountain waves from a critical level that locates near z = 8–9 km. Upward-propagating waves and reflected downward-propagating waves interact constructively in a duct between the critical level and the surface, resulting in strong surface wind. In the second period, the hydraulic-jump theory can be applied in that the wave breaking above the downstream induces a well-mixed region, and severe downslope wind is developed beneath this turbulent region as the streamlines descend along the downstream. Simultaneous lee wave structure is also reproduced during the second windstorm period. The sensitivity of the downslope wind speed to the change in the land-cover map showed that the absorption of trapped lee waves in the boundary layer reduces the downslope wind speed significantly after the second windstorm at Gangneung, improving the model performance, although with no significant impact at Yangyang.     

北羌塘盆地中部雪山组时代讨论

羌塘盆地上侏罗统至下白垩统地层问题存在着多种意见 ,关键在于对雪山组的认识上。通过对羌塘盆地腹地半岛湖东北、长湖两剖面 ,雪山组在岩性特征、生物化石、地层接触关系及地质测年进行综合分析和讨论 ,认为雪山组是在白龙冰河组 (Kim meridgian— Berriasian)之上的陆相杂色碎屑沉积岩系。通过与雁石坪—安多地区雁石坪剖面和滇西剖面对比讨论 ,认为羌塘腹地的雪山组与雁石坪雪山组或扎窝茸组上部、滇西曼岗组层位相当 ,时代应为早白垩世中晚期     

X射线荧光光谱用人工标准物质的研制

使用高纯物质人工合成的方法,成功研制了4个人工标准物质。该系列标准物质涵盖了钛、钒、锰、铬、钴、镍、铜、锌、砷、铅、铋、铷、锶、钇、锆、铌、钼、钨、钕、钽、铪、镱、锡、钡、铯、镓、锗、镧、铈等29个元素,不同分析元素的含量范围可扩大到0.00x%~8%。该系列标准物质不仅可以补充自然标准的不足,扩展校准曲线含量范围,而且能够修正干扰系数,解决了准确计算分析元素之间的干扰和仪器校正带来的实际困难。用4个人工标准物质取代单元素人工标准的配制方法,减少标准数量,节约了资源以及标准配制的时间,避免了X射线荧光光谱分析工作者的重复劳动,提高了工作效率。研制的4个标准物质经检验均匀性和稳定性良好,量值准确可靠,已被国家质量监督检验检疫总局批准为国家一级标准物质。